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对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类分布进行的研究表明,种类的水平分布主要受盐度及海岸开敞度的影响,从近岸到外海,随着盐度及海岸开敞度的增加,潮间带底栖生物的种类数呈增加的趋势。不同海区的优势种不同,近岸较屏蔽区以软体动物及甲壳动物占优势,外海开敞区以甲壳动物及藻类占优势,近外海较开敞区为一过渡区;种类的垂直分布主要受潮区及海岸开敞度的影响,各海区不同潮区生物种类数均为中潮区多于低潮区多于高潮区,高潮区基本上为滨螺分布带,中潮区为日本笠藤壶－藻类带,低潮区为藻类带;外海区种类的季节变化明显,近岸区种类季节变化小。所有物种中,以底栖海藻的季节变化最为明显。 相似文献
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三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物生态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物109种,其中多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物占总种数的89.90%,三者构成潮间带生物主要类群.断面间比较,Sch1断面的种数最少（42种）,Sch3断面的种数最多（73种）.种类季节变化,以春季种数（83种）大于秋季（59种）.三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物平均生物量12.45g/m^2,平均栖息密度为368个/m^2.生物量以软体动物居第一位（7.34g/m^2）,甲壳动物居第二位（2.55g/m^2）;栖息密度以软体动物居第一位（196个/m^2）,多毛类居第二位（154个/m^2）.数量垂直分布,生物量以中潮区（15.20g/m^2）大于高潮区（12.37g/m^2）大于低潮区（9.78g/m^2）;栖息密度以低潮区（563个/m^2）大于中潮区（483个/m^2）大于高潮区（56个/m^2）.数量季节变化,生物量以春季（16.69g/m^2）大于秋季（8.21g/m^2）;栖息密度以春季（677个/m2）大于秋季（58个/m^2）.三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物按断面和所处的位置可分为3个群落：Sch1泥沙滩群落,高潮区：黑口滨螺-粗糙滨螺带;中潮区：中蚓虫-鸭嘴蛤-秀丽长方蟹带;低潮区：似蛰虫-焦河篮蛤-鸭嘴蛤带.Sch2泥沙滩群落,高潮区：黑口滨螺-粗糙滨螺带;中潮区：才女虫-鸭嘴蛤-淡水泥蟹带;低潮区：似蛰虫-侧底理蛤-鸭嘴蛤带.Sch3泥沙滩群落,高潮区：黑口滨螺-粗糙滨螺带;中潮区：才女虫-鸭嘴蛤-短拟沼螺-弧边招潮带;低潮区：不倒翁虫-侧底理蛤-齿腕拟盲蟹带.结果分析表明：春季Sch1和Sch2群落不稳定,秋季Sch1、Sch2群落和Sch3群落相对稳定,总体显示,三沙湾西北部滨海湿地潮间带生物群落发生扰动,初步分析认为与优势种鸭嘴蛤和优势种才女虫季节演替有关. 相似文献
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对海南岛海岸澄迈角沙滩的3个断面进行了潮间带生态调查。初步鉴定无脊椎动物32种,其中软体动物8种,甲壳类14种,多毛类8种,其它动物2种。优势的大型底栖动物有端足类的肢突跳钩虾Talorchestia brito,等足类的日本异浪漂水虱Excirolana japonica和双壳类的等边浅蛤Gomphina aequilatera。垂直分布可分为:(1)钩虾带,以肢突跳钩虾为特征种;(2)等足类带,以日本异浪漂水虱为特征种;(3)蛤-螺带,以等边浅蛤-(虫昌)螺Umbonium vestiarium为特征种。研究表明,沙滩底栖动物垂直分布主要受潮汐、底质、盐度和波浪的影响。 相似文献
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舟山潮间带生态学研究——I.种类组成及分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文系1981年4月－1984年12月对舟山海区沿岸潮间带调查的结果。已鉴定藻类51种，动物224种。区系性质以我国沿海广温性分布种和亚热带种占绝对优质。区系的暖水性质自近岸向外海明显增强，这与台湾暖流对本区的影响有关。绝大多数亚热带广分布种的北界不超过长江口。种类的水平分布与底质、盐度、海岸开敞程度和海流有关，垂直分布与潮汐和海岸开敞程度有关。据水文、地貌及生物学特征，舟山潮间可分为近岸区、近外海区和外海区三个生态区。 相似文献
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舟山朱家尖岛潮间带软体动物生态初步调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文共报道软体动物88种,隶属5纲49科。潮间带软体动物按栖息底质分为三个类型:1.岩礁相:高潮带生物组成为粒屋顶螺群落和短滨螺—粒屋顶螺群落;中潮带为单齿螺—条纹隔贻贝群落、疣荔枝螺—青蚶—单齿螺群落和锈凹螺—疣荔枝螺群落;低潮带为锈凹螺—复瓦小蛇螺群落。2.泥相为珠带拟蟹守螺—婆罗囊螺群落。3.砂相:高潮带与中潮带上层未发现有软体动物分布,中、低潮带的较高潮区为紫藤斧蛤群落,较低潮区为等边浅蛤群落。 潮间带贝类生物量的季节变化规律如下:岩礁相依春、冬、秋、夏递减,泥相依夏、秋、冬、春递减,砂相依冬、秋、夏、春递减。 此外,本文还与中国沿海生物调查作了比较,其生物量与栖息密度的变化规律极为相似。 相似文献
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九龙江口硬相潮间带大型底栖动物的生态特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
九龙江口硬相潮间带共发现大型底栖动物126种,分属78科不同门类,均为暖水种。以软体动物的滨螺Littorinid、蛇螺Serpulorbis、牡蛎Ostrea及甲壳动物的藤壶Barnacle为优势种。根据它们在河口区的分布及参照聚类分析的结果,该区底栖动物群落具4种类型:(1)沼蛤Limnoperna fortunei群落;(2)泥藤壶Balanus uliginosus-近江牡蛎Ostrea rivularis群落,(3)绿鳞笠藤壶 Tetracita squamosa squamosa-泥藤壶群落;(4)绿鳞笠藤壶-覆瓦小蛇螺Serpulorbis imbricata群落。在河口区,底栖动物的水平和垂直分布分别受盐度和潮汐作用的制约。多样性分析结果表明,H＇(S)和SR值均随盐度降低而呈现逐渐减少的趋势。 相似文献
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对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类分布进行了研究表明,种类的水平分布主要受盐度及海岸开敞度的影响,从近岸到外海,随着盐度及海岸开敞度的增加,潮间带底栖生物的种类数呈增加的趋势,不同海区的优势种不同,近岸较屏蔽区以软体动物及甲壳动物占优势,外海开敞区以甲壳动物及藻类占优势,近外海较开敞区为一过渡区;种类的垂直分布主要受潮区及海岸开敞度的影响,各海区不同的潮区生物种类数均为中潮区多于低潮区多于主潮区,高 相似文献
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厦门港岩石岸潮间带软体动物的生态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文根据１９８２年２月至１９８３年２月在厦门港岩石岩潮间带采集的软体动物，论述了其种类组成，数量分布，生活型及影响软件动物分布的主要环境因子，厦门港岩石岸潮间带共发现软动物５４种。其中，多板类６种，腹足类３３种，双壳类１５种，优势种有僧帽牡蛎，黑荞麦蛤，复瓦小蛇螺，粗糙滨螺等。与６０年代初调查结果比较得出，厦门港岩石岸潮间带的软体动物群落是相对稳定的，潮汐是决定河口结果比较得出，厦门港岩石岩潮间带 相似文献
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舟山岩相潮间带动物群落结构的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文应用数理统计方法研究了舟山海区岩岸潮间带中26个测站的春季动物群落结构。根据26个站的位置分为近岸区、近外海区和外海区3个区域。各站均以软体动物和甲壳动物为群落主要组成成分,群落种类组成数从近岸到外海呈增长趋势,且优势种亦从低盐种类向高盐种类演替。近岸区群落主要优势种为短滨螺Littorina brevicula、粗糙滨螺L.scabra、僧帽牡蛎Ostrea cucullata、白脊藤壶Balanus albicostatus等;近外海区为短滨螺、粒结节滨螺Nodilittorinaexigua、僧帽牡蛎、鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa、白脊藤壶等;外海区为粒结节滨螺,疣荔枝螺Purpura clavigera、条纹隔贻贝Septifer virgatus、日本笠藤壶T.japonica及藻类等。但群落个体密度和生物量从近岸到外海呈减少趋势。从近岸到外海,群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H和Pielou均匀度J均增加,而McNaughton优势度D减少。群落结构从近岸到外海渐趋复杂。但整体上,舟山海区岩岸春季动物群落结构是比较简单的(绝大多数断面H值小于2.50,J值小于0.5。而D值大于0.6)。近外海区的群落结构比较相似于外海区的群落。根据平均聚类分析,这26个群落可以分为三个生态类型,即隐蔽性岩岸群落,半隐蔽性岩岸群落及开敞性岩岸群落。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):759-770
Sandy beaches constitute nearly 46 per cent of the coastline between the Cape of Good Hope and the Orange River along the west coast of South Africa. In addition, shores of mixed sand and rock make up a further 24 per cent although these are not considered here. Sandy beaches are therefore the dominant shore type along the coastline, and most are subject to high wave energy. There are two main ecological beach types along the study coastline: those that receive a high input of organic matter in the form of stranded kelp and those that do not. Neither type appears to support large stocks of surf-zone phytoplankton, but despite this, even beaches receiving no stranded kelp bear high standing stocks of infauna. This fact may be related to the location of the beaches alongside a highly productive upwelling region. Existing ecological information on sandy beaches along the Benguela coastline is reviewed and integrated to form a composite picture of present understanding of these beaches. The definition of a sandy beach includes not only the sandy intertidal zone but also the surf zone and sand dunes associated with it. Sandy beaches are characterized by the absence of attached primary producers, although in some parts of the world primary production by surf-zone phytoplankton has been found to be important. Secondary production by the infauna usually depends on matter imported into the system, except on beaches supporting important stocks of surf-zone phytoplankton. Imported organic matter is retained by beach sediments which act as a physical sieve, filtering large quantities of water with each wave and tide. 相似文献
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Equilibrium erosion of soft rock shores with a shallow or absent beach under increased sea level rise 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A process-based numerical model was used to explore the response of soft rock shores with low volume beaches to variable rates of sea level rise. Equilibrium recession rates were simulated for ranges of wave height and period, tidal amplitude, rock strength, beach volume and rate of sea level rise. Equilibrium shore profiles were found to be steeper with higher rates of sea level rise. Beaches were represented as protective surfaces yet were found to cause no significant reduction in equilibrium recession rate when their volumes were below a critical threshold. Reduced equilibrium recession rates were found with beaches that extended sufficiently far below low tide level. The model results imply that, given several constraints, a very simple relationship exists between increased rates of sea level rise and the response of eroding composite soft rock/low volume beach shores. 相似文献
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H.N. Siddiquie 《Marine Geology》1980,38(4):M11-M20
Most of the islands in the Lakshadweep are marked by storm beaches on the eastern seaward shores and sandy beaches on the western lagoonal shores. The storm beaches consist of up to 3–4 sets almost at the same level and extend up to a distance of 5–12 km on some of the islands. They largely comprise uncemented pebbles, shingles, cobbles and boulders. The tracks for cyclones (1891–1960) show that the islands are normally hit by post-monsoon (November) cyclones from the east. The waves generated by these cyclones have formed the storm beaches. Radiocarbon dates of the storm beaches range from modern to 2975 ± 100 BP and indicate clustering between 3000 to 2000 BP and present to 500 BP. The younger storm beaches towards the shore suggest that parts of the islands have grown by about 30 m in the last 2780 years (Chetlat), 120 m in 1620 years (Kiltan) and even 100 m in 470 years (Minicoy). The absence of the storm beaches on some of the islands, younger beaches towards the shore and the clustering of ages, and the lack of lateral and chronological continuity may be explained by periodic stormy conditions rather than by the changes in the sea level. The number of storms in the Arabian Sea has varied from a minimum of 1 in 1949 to 10 in 1893, 1926 and 1930. It is very likely that such changes would have occurred in the past also. 相似文献
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R. M. Kirk 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):358-375
Abstract On shingle beaches, changes in foreshore elevation and sediment distribution landward of the break point are produced largely by variations in the uprush and backwash of waves. However, very little is known about the forces active in this zone. A field instrument system which senses and records some of the parameters thought to influence beach erosion and deposition in this zone has been constructed. The equipment is also suitable for the investigation of a number of other shore and nearshore processes including erosion on sandy and rocky shores, and flow processes affecting littoral biological communities. In the swash zone two sensing heads, a dynamometer and a depth recorder, sense variations in uprush and backwash velocities, energies, discharges, and depths of flow. Both devices are electromechanical and are coupled to a recording unit on land by PVC‐insulated cable. The dynamometer (two force plates mounted back‐to‐back on a compression spring and coupled to variable resistances) has been calibrated, statically and in a flume, to obtain velocity determinations accurate to within 10 cm . sec?1 of true flow speed. Average swash zone velocities lie between 100 and 300 cm . sec?1. A parallel‐wire resistance gauge mounted an a stilling tube records flow depths. As water level rises and falls in the tube it alters resistance in a control circuit. The land unit, amplifiers and a strip‐chart recorder, receives the output from the dynamometer and flow depth gauge. The recorder is equipped with a trip‐pen so that analysis of wave periods or other variables is possible in the field. With poles at known spacings across the shore and the trip‐pen records, velocity distributions across the swash zone can be obtained. Measurements of velocity made near the bed with the dynamometer can then be related to the local surface velocity profile. Problems with the instrument system include inability to record velocities at several points simultaneously, and unreliable records of backwash parameters with low breakers on shingle beaches because of the small volume of flow and rapid percolation of water into the beach face. 相似文献
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Roger F. McLean 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):141-164
Two exposed, high‐energy beaches on the Kaikoura coast of New Zealand are composed of sand and gravel derived from a greywacke terrain. Both beaches can be classified as mixed beaches although the sediment varies from dominantly gravel at the ends of the beach to dominantly sand at the centre, through transition zones in which sand and gravel are mixed. Sixty‐four surface samples were analysed for grain size; two sediment parameters, mean grain size (Mz) and sorting (σI), were calculated. A striking feature of the cumulative frequency curves is that both unimodai and bimodal distributions include median sizes over the whole range of sampled material, even though bimodal samples display two strong modes in the sand and gravel grades. The general deficiency lof sediment dn the very coarse sand and granule classes (0 to — 2 F ) noted by numerous authors in many parts of the world is apparent in the poorly‐sorted bimodal samples. However, the best‐sorted samples also occur in these two classes. Mean grain size of samples ranges from medium sand (1.820) to medium pebbles (—4.7 F ), and sorting ranges from very well sorted (0.250) to very poorly sorted (2.69 F ). Mean erain size on the northern beach is significantly greater than on the southern beach, but values of sorting are comparable. The greater mean size on one beach compared with the other is thought to be a function of the grade of material supplied by local rivers; the similarity in sorting presumably reflects the similarity of the processes acting on the two beaches. Mixed sand‐shingle beaches are relatively rare on a world scale but common in New Zealand. Sediment distributions along the Kaikoura beaches do not reveal a regular decrease in size away from the rivers which supply material to shore at present. Instead, the beaches are differentiated into a number of sediment zones composed of either sand, or mixed sand‐gravel, or gravel. On each beach a gravel zone is located furthest from the river outlets. Sorting generally improves toward the Kaikoura Peninsula. Explanations for these trends are not given. Variations in size and sorting across the two beaches do not show a well developed zonation because of the high level of wave energy which continually mixes the material across the beach. 相似文献
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浒苔在近岸搁浅后会破坏海岸景观,干扰水上运动,给滨海旅游业造成严重影响。本文使用无人机搭载的多光谱和可见光传感器对山东半岛的海阳、乳山和文登的三个海滩搁浅的浒苔进行航拍监测,并结合地物光谱测量数据,分别选择归一化植被指数（NDVI）、差值植被指数（DVI）和虚拟基线高度浮藻指数（VB-FAH）对海滩搁浅浒苔与岸边植被及非植被（海水、沙滩）进行识别评估,并分别估算了三个研究区搁浅浒苔的生物量。研究结果表明：NDVI可以识别植被和非植被,但无法区分潮间带上部和潮间带下部分布的浒苔;DVI和VB-FAH对植被和非植被的区分度不高,但对不同分布的搁浅浒苔具有一定的区分度,其中,DVI对潮间带上部和潮间带下部分布浒苔的识别能力优于VB-FAH。因此,通过对岸边植被进行腌膜,利用DVI构建海滩搁浅浒苔生物量估算模型,实现了海滩搁浅浒苔生物量的估算。海阳、乳山和文登三个海滩搁浅浒苔的生物量分别为1 468 t、745 t和5 034 t,本文提出的方法可以为搁浅浒苔的清理和资源合理分配提供技术支持。 相似文献
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本文分析了黄骅潮间带的两次水准测量和地貌调查资料,结合样品作了粒度分析,得出本区潮滩的四个特征如下: 1.沉积类型简单,主要为粘土和粉砂,其含量为90％以上。 2.滩涂宽阔平坦,坡度极小,是典型的平原淤泥质海滩; 3.根据地貌和水动力特征,滩涂分为三部分:A.高潮滩的龟裂带;B.中潮滩的侵蚀滩面带;C.低潮滩的平整滩面带。 4.形成本区以上特征的控制因素有两个:一是黄河携带大量物质的影响;二是气候和潮汐波浪的作用。 相似文献