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九龙江口硬相潮间带大型底栖动物的生态特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
九龙江口硬相潮间带共发现大型底栖动物126种,分属78科不同门类,均为暖水种。以软体动物的滨螺Littorinid、蛇螺Serpulorbis、牡蛎Ostrea及甲壳动物的藤壶Barnacle为优势种。根据它们在河口区的分布及参照聚类分析的结果,该区底栖动物群落具4种类型:(1)沼蛤Limnoperna fortunei群落;(2)泥藤壶Balanus uliginosus-近江牡蛎Ostrea rivularis群落,(3)绿鳞笠藤壶 Tetracita squamosa squamosa-泥藤壶群落;(4)绿鳞笠藤壶-覆瓦小蛇螺Serpulorbis imbricata群落。在河口区,底栖动物的水平和垂直分布分别受盐度和潮汐作用的制约。多样性分析结果表明,H＇(S)和SR值均随盐度降低而呈现逐渐减少的趋势。 相似文献
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对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类分布进行的研究表明,种类的水平分布主要受盐度及海岸开敞度的影响,从近岸到外海,随着盐度及海岸开敞度的增加,潮间带底栖生物的种类数呈增加的趋势。不同海区的优势种不同,近岸较屏蔽区以软体动物及甲壳动物占优势,外海开敞区以甲壳动物及藻类占优势,近外海较开敞区为一过渡区;种类的垂直分布主要受潮区及海岸开敞度的影响,各海区不同潮区生物种类数均为中潮区多于低潮区多于高潮区,高潮区基本上为滨螺分布带,中潮区为日本笠藤壶－藻类带,低潮区为藻类带;外海区种类的季节变化明显,近岸区种类季节变化小。所有物种中,以底栖海藻的季节变化最为明显。 相似文献
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九龙江口硬相潮间带藤壶类动物的群落生态 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
福建九龙江口硬相潮间带共有8种藤壶,其中以绿鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa,白脊藤壶Balanus albicostatus和泥藤壶Balanus uliginosus为优势种。根据藤壶优势种的分布状况,九龙江口硬相潮间带藤壶群落可分为三种类型:1.日本鳞笠藤壶Tetraclitasquamosa japonica-绿鳞笠藤壶群落;2.白脊藤壶-绿鳞笠藤壶群落;3.泥藤壶-白脊藤壶群落。研究结果还表明,各藤壶群落的附着密度和生物量均随盐度的降低而减少。生物量一般春季较高,夏、秋季较低;附着密度则冬季较高,春季较低。潮汐是影响河口区硬相潮间带藤壶垂直分布的主要因素。 相似文献
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本文是中国近海蔓足类研究报告的第二部分,根据的材料是中国科学院海洋研究所历年采集收藏的标本。共记述笠藤壶科Tetraclitidae的9种,分隶于2亚科4属,其中有一新属——星笠藤壶属Astroclita gen. nov., 2新种,另有1种为我国首次记录。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。 笠藤壶在我国主要分布于长江口以南的亚热带和热带海区,是潮间带岩岸生物群落组成中的主要种类,特别是大型的鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa(Bruguiere)和日本笠藤壶Tetraclita japonica Pilsbry等也可以附着于浮标、船底或码头上,有一定的危害。 相似文献
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黄海烟台、威海海域三岛屿岩岸潮间带无脊椎动物群落结构的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用样方调查法对芝罘岛、养马岛和龙须岛岩岸潮间带的无脊椎动物群落进行了系统的生态学研究，样方面积为 40 cm×40 cm。3 个群落以养马岛的种类最多 (11 种)，芝罘岛和龙须岛均为 7 种，3 个岛屿的潮间带群落仅有 4 个物种为共有种，在种类组成上存在较大的差异。东方小藤壶在 3 个岛屿的岩岸潮间带群落中为绝对优势种，短滨螺、牡蛎、笠贝和黑荞麦蛤在群落中分别具有很高的优势地位。群落的多样性指数以养马岛最高 (R = 0.91, H' = 0.67, E = 0.34 )，芝罘岛最低 ( R = 1.23, H' = 1.20, E = 0.50 )，龙须岛居中 ( R =1.07, H' = 1.12, E = 0.58 )。 相似文献
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洋山港的建设及运营将会造成其所在的舟山海域受到重金属的污染,也会对其邻近的杭州湾造成一定程度的影响。
就舟山海域和杭州湾北岸的海水与生物体内的重金属含量进行了分析与评价,结果表明,在表层海水中,舟山海域Hg污染
最为严重,尤其是洋山港所在的小洋样点,其周边杭州湾北岸以Pb、Hg 为主要污染物。在生物体内,舟山海域中日本笠藤
壶、白脊管藤壶体内Hg超标情况最为严重,与该海域水体中Hg 的严重污染相对应;杭州湾北岸僧帽牡蛎体内Cu 超标情况
最为严重,大洋和小洋样点的僧帽牡蛎与两种藤壶体内重金属的污染程度和特性差异较大,这与物种不同而导致重金属进入
生物体内的分配机制差异有关,其体内Hg 含量与该海域表层海水Hg 含量呈极显著相关性,说明僧帽牡蛎可作为杭州湾北岸
Hg污染的指示生物。 相似文献
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舟山潮间带生态学研究：Ⅱ.数量及其分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
舟山潮间带生物种类数量的平面分布与盐度和海岸开敞性有关,垂直分布与潮汐有关;群落数量的水平分布与底质和海岸开敞性有关,垂直分布与潮汐有关。舟山潮间带生物有明显的分带现象,隐蔽的岩岸区分为:滨螺带和藤壶-牡蛎带两个带;开敞性岩岸区分为:滨螺带,藤壶-(虫戚)-藻类带及藻类带3个带。沙滩区分为:沙蟹带和浅蛤-斧蛤带两个带;泥沙滩区分为:盐碱植物-滨螺带和招潮蟹-大眼蟹带;泥滩区分为:蟹守螺-囊螺带和蟹守螺-织纹螺带。 相似文献
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舟山潮间带生态学研究——I.种类组成及分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文系1981年4月－1984年12月对舟山海区沿岸潮间带调查的结果。已鉴定藻类51种，动物224种。区系性质以我国沿海广温性分布种和亚热带种占绝对优质。区系的暖水性质自近岸向外海明显增强，这与台湾暖流对本区的影响有关。绝大多数亚热带广分布种的北界不超过长江口。种类的水平分布与底质、盐度、海岸开敞程度和海流有关，垂直分布与潮汐和海岸开敞程度有关。据水文、地貌及生物学特征，舟山潮间可分为近岸区、近外海区和外海区三个生态区。 相似文献
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世界各海沿岸的潮间带大部分区域是沙滩，这主要是由于波浪的强烈冲击所致。与碎石、石砾滩一样，沙滩对底栖生物的生存显然不利，因而其栖息生物种类比较贫乏，数量也少，完全缺乏大型植物，除了某些特定的沙栖种外，主要是一些小型无脊椎动物和植物。河口附近和内湾水下平台则例外，丰富的有机物质使之成为完全不同的生境。
虽然潮间带生态研究已有一百多年的历史，但有关沙滩生境的研究较少，对沙滩生物的生态特点缺乏系统的探讨。有的学者直接采用岩岸潮间带生态研究方法，这不仅与客观实际不符，而且造成术语上的混乱。另外，在群落结构的研究中也存在不少问题，例如往往没有按生态特点区别底内生物和底表生物，造成对区系性质的错误判断。为此，我们想通过对小场沙滩生境的调查研究，对沙滩潮间带研究中的一些问题进行初步探讨。 相似文献
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于１９８８年９月－１９８９年１月在大亚湾潮间带采集底栖动物标本，经分类研究发现，共有５４７种，其中藻类９１种，多毛类１２０种，软体动物２０９种，甲壳动物８３种，棘皮动物１９种，其他动物２５种。研究表明，其区系性质以热带亚热带暖水种占多数，有许多热带种发展成优势种。在水平分布上，岩石相种类（３１６）＞沙滩种数（２２２）＞红树林泥滩（５１）；在垂直分布上，中潮区种数（３９８）＞低潮区（２２１）＞红树林 相似文献
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Abstract. This paper deals with the population dynamics of the introduced barnacle Balanus glandula in a port shelter and a rocky shore exposed of a southwestern Atlantic area. Replicated areas in both zones were denuded monthly and censused in both the high intertidal and the upper mid intertidal zone. The settlement pattern. recruitment, mortality and growth of B. glandula and a comparative successional pattern in both areas were recorded. Recruitment began in winter, i.e., July in the port and August in the rocky shore. In the port, green algae dominate up to a final community of Balanus glandula all along the intertidal, while in rocky shores the red encrusting alga Hildenbrandia lecanellieri establishes a cover that is replaced by the mytilid Brachidontes rodriguezi in the mid intertidal and by B. glandula in the high intertidal and upper mid intertidal. B. glandula densities were greater in the upper mid intertidal 19 600 and 5050 indiv. · m-2 in the port and rocky shore, respectively than in the high intertidal 13600 and 1100 indiv.· m-2, respectively. Mortality was greater in the port up to 62%, but heavy settlement allows a final density 4 times greater than in eulittoral rocky shores and 10 times greater than in the high intertidal. The winter reproduction of Balanus glandula, the absence of predators, the neutral or beneficial effect of algae. with spatial and temporal partitioning of substrate allows it to successfully outcompete mussels and other barnacle species from the intertidal community of both sheltered and exposed areas. 相似文献
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烟台海滨潮间带岩岸环境无脊椎动物群落特性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文所研究的烟台沿海潮间带岩带环境无脊椎动物群落的最小样方面积为4m3。石沟屯的无脊椎动物群落种的多样性与蛇们岛和雨岱山两地的无脊椎动物群落种的多样性存在显著差异（P＜0．01），以石沟屯的多样性指数最高（Shannon－WienerIndexH＝0．888），生物密度最大（6702个体／m），且石沟屯的无脊椎动物群落的结构与崆峒岛和雨岱山的存在明显差异。水体一定程度的富营养化和风浪的影响是造成所研究的岩岸环境无脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性差异的主要原因。所研究的三地无脊椎动物群落都以东方小藤壶为绝对优势种，以东方小藤壶、黑荞麦蛤和短滨螺3个优势种决定着所研究的烟台岩岸环境无脊椎动物群落的结构和外貌。 相似文献
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The methodology of a monitoring study of the fauna and flora of the rocky intertidal zone in Bantry Bay and Dunmanus Bay in southwest Ireland is described and some representative results are presented. Five shores, four in Bantry and o one in Dunmanus Bay, were visited monthly from May, 1978 to June, 1980, and more limited monitoring is continuing. On each visit to each shore, four research programmes were undertaken—transect studies, recolonisation of cleared areas, barnacle studies and limpet studies. The transect methods are discussed in relation to other methods in current use. Combining community and key species approaches is shown to be most useful in monitoring programmes. The increased effectiveness of continuous shore monitoring when compared with one-off or before and after impact-type studies is stressed. 相似文献
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南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带软体动物生态研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本研究结果表明，共鉴定出软体动物１４３种，其中１８种为该区域首次记录。根据种类相似性指数，将其分成５个生态群落：即开敞岩礁群落，隐蔽岩礁群落，巨砾群落，泥滩群落，沙滩群落。文中对各群落的种类组成、数量分布、季节变化及多样性指数等作了分析；同时对影响软体动物生态分布的潮汐、波浪、底质类型和生物因子等作了探讨。 相似文献
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Simone Siag Oigman-Pszczol Marcia A. de O. Figueiredo & Joel C. Creed 《Marine Ecology》2004,25(3):173-190
Abstract. Few studies have described the spatial patterns of rocky sublittoral benthic communities in Brazil, where these habitats are almost exclusively located on the southeast and south coastline. The fauna and flora were analyzed using a quadrat method, and the species abundance and distribution were determined along transects down to the bottom sand plain on 10 rocky shores at Armação dos Búzios, Brazil. The 16 most common species accounted for around 97% of the benthos coverage and included cnidarians, algae, poriferans, and echinoderms. Cnidarians and algae were the most important groups, with abundance ranging from 13–66% and 27–68%, respectively. The species distribution indicated a clear depth zonation pattern. The algal community dominated the shallowest depths in sites more exposed to waves and steeper substrate slope, whereas the cnidarian community, divided into the zoanthidean Palythoa caribaeorum and the coral Siderastrea stellata , was more abundant from intermediate to greater (4 m) depths. Different community patterns were found between sites, demonstrating that different spatially discrete factors may be acting on each rocky shore. 相似文献
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On rocky shores, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic processes that regulate community structure are thought to vary with levels of shore exposure. This can lead to characteristic features found on sheltered and exposed shores. This study identified differences in the population structure of mussels on exposed and sheltered rocky shores on Atlantic coasts of south-west Ireland. Direct interactions between epibiotic algae and their host mussels were also examined to test if potential effects varied with shore exposure. Mussel beds on sheltered shores were less dense and comprised larger mussels with greater rates of individual survival and growth than those on exposed shores. The results of a field experiment showed that algal epibionts had a negative effect on mussel survival on sheltered shores but not on exposed shores. Surprisingly, the presence of algal epibionts had no effect on mussel growth on either shore type. These findings contrast with those of previous studies. The effects of shore exposure and algal epibionts on mussels may be species-specific and may interact with other factors across different regions. This study shows that predictions of effects of exposure on mussel populations and their epibionts should only be based on specific experimental evidence and cannot be generalised across regions. 相似文献