共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
Simulating urban flow and dispersion in Beijing by coupling a CFD model with the WRF model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The airflow and dispersion of a pollutant in a complex urban area of Beijing, China, were numerically examined by coupling a Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） model with a mesoscale weather model. The models used were Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation （OpenFOAM） software package and Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. OpenFOAM was firstly validated against wind-tunnel experiment data. Then, the WRF model was integrated for 42 h starting from 0800 LST 08 September 2009, and the coupled model was used to compute the flow fields at 1000 LST and 1400 LST 09 September 2009. During the WRF-simulated period, a high pressure system was dominant over the Beijing area. The WRF-simulated local circulations were characterized by mountain valley winds, which matched well with observations. Results from the coupled model simulation demonstrated that the airflows around actual buildings were quite different from the ambient wind on the boundary provided by the WRF model, and the pollutant dispersion pattern was complicated under the influence of buildings. A higher concentration level of the pollutant near the surface was found in both the step-down and step-up notches, but the reason for this higher level in each configurations was different： in the former, it was caused by weaker vertical flow, while in the latter it was caused by a downward-shifted vortex. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the coupled WRF-OpenFOAM model is an important tool that can be used for studying and predicting urban flow and dispersions in densely built-up areas. 相似文献
2.
区域大气环境应急响应数值预报系统 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了针对国内有毒气体泄漏等突发性大气中污染物扩散问题建立的区域精细大气环境应急响应数值预报业务系统。该系统基于污染扩散模式HYSPLIT_4,利用中尺度模式WRF为其提供气象场,对污染扩散的路径和浓度以及地面沉降进行计算,系统后端开发了基于GIS的产品制作平台对模式产品进行叠加地理信息的处理。为实现快速应急响应的功能,模式业务系统始终处于热准备状态,并可在接到指令后迅速完成产品制作。文中给出一个大气环境应急响应演习应用实例,显示该模式系统对影响范围较大的有毒气体泄漏事件应急响应工作具备一定的指导意义和应用前景。 相似文献
3.
大气边界层湍流运动是地球大气运动最重要的能量输送过程之一.当数值模式分辨率接近活跃含能湍涡长度尺度时,湍流运动被部分解析,被称为"灰色区域",传统的边界层方案不适合此时模式湍流问题的描述.为了提高模式边界层方案在包括"灰色区域"的不同网格尺度上的描述能力,适应不同分辨率模式的需要,在雷诺平均湍流理论基础上,修正Mell... 相似文献
4.
复杂地形城市冬季边界层对气溶胶辐射效应的响应 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
作者着眼于城市气溶胶辐射效应与大气边界层的相互作用问题,针对地形复杂的兰州市及周边地区,开发应用了WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting,天气研究和预报)模式,使之与包含了大气气溶胶辐射效应和气溶胶粒子扩散的综合大气边界层数值模式嵌套起来.通过个例分析,揭示了冬季气溶胶辐射效应对边界层结构的定量影响.主要特征为夜间气溶胶的长波辐射效应使地面附近的气温增高,增温幅度为0.1～0.3 K/h,使低空(25～300 m)大气层冷却,降温幅度为0.08～0.15 K/h,风速在150 m以下减小;白天气溶胶的短波辐射效应使地面层内明显增温,1 h内升温约0.5 K,增温最大值在混合层顶500～600 m高度.受增温影响,垂直风场和水平风场随之调整,风速在450 m以下增大约0.1 m/s左右,而在450 m以上风速减小0.1 m/s左右. 相似文献
5.
基于美国新一代数值预报模式WRF (The Weather Research and Forecasting)及其3DVAR (Three-Dimensional Variational)同化系统,采用3DVAR直接同化雷达反射率资料,对2010年10月8日发生在云南省的暴雨过程进行三维变分同化和数值模拟试验。考察了采用不同水平分辨率和垂直层次的雷达反射率进入同化系统对暴雨预报带来的影响。结果表明:同化雷达资料相对无同化任何资料,雨带位置南移,更接近实况降水。同化不同水平分辨率的雷达反射率资料,其中水平分辨率为0.1度的反射率资料同化后,模拟的降水相对其他方案更接近实况。垂直方向上选取3500m和6000m高度的资料,对整个降水带位置和降水强度影响较大。在此个例中选取垂直层次在1000m,2000m,3000m,3500m,4000m,5000m,7000m,8000m的雷达反射率资料,模式模拟的降水更接近实况。 相似文献
6.
Martin Beniston 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1987,41(1-4):75-96
A pollution-related study has been carried out for the Swiss city of Bienne that is located in complex terrain at the foot of the Jura mountains. The study consists of an analysis of pollutant transport and dispersion from various emittors located in the city, using a coupled system of mesoscale and micro-scale atmospheric numerical models. Simulations of atmospheric flow with the mesoscale model over a 20 × 20 km domain (horizontal resolution: 500 m; vertical resolution: 250 m) are used to initialize a microscale model centered over the city. The domain of this latter model is 4 × 4 km (horizontal resolution: 100 m; vertical resolution: 10 m). Plume trajectories are computed in the micro-scale model, and are a function of the regional-scale flow field previously calculated by the mesoscale model. Results show that the flow — and hence the plume trajectories embedded within this motion field — an sensitive not only to channeling effects by the local valley systems, but also to local or regional meteorological effects resulting from cloud activity, urban heat island, and the direction of the synoptic scale flow with respect to the orientation of the Jura mointains. 相似文献
7.
基于WRF和CFD软件结合的风能资源数值模拟试验研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
运用中尺度数值模式WRF与法国CFD软件MeteodynwT相结合的方法（WRF／WT）,进行了广东省海陵岛地区的水平分辨率100m×100m的风能资源数值模拟试验,采用海陵岛上7座测风塔观测资料对WRF／WT模式的模拟风场进行误差检验,并与WRF／WAsP模式系统对单点风能参数模拟误差进行对比,研究WRF／WT模式系统在风电场微观选址和分散式风电开发利用中应用的可行性。结果表明：中尺度模式与CFD软件结合的数值模拟方法对区域风能资源分布趋势的模拟比单纯应用CFD软件更准确;WRF／WT模式系统应用于复杂地形风能资源数值模拟评估是可行的,其对区域风能资源参数分布模拟的准确率与WRF／WAsP对2km范围内风能资源参数模拟的准确率相当;WRF／WT模式系统在风速频率分布不满足Weibull分布的情况下和陡峭地形条件下有较好的模拟效果,相对WRF／wAsP有明显优势。今后需进一步研究中尺度模式与CFD软件的衔接方法,以及对中尺度模式模拟结果的误差订正。 相似文献
8.
Characteristics and Numerical Simulations of Extremely Large Atmospheric Boundary-layer Heights over an Arid Region in North-west China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Over arid regions in north-west China, the atmospheric boundary layer can be extremely high during daytime in late spring
and summer. For instance, the depth of the observed convective boundary layer can exceed 3,000 m or even be up to 4,000 m
at some stations. In order to characterize the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) conditions and to understand the mechanisms
that produce such an extreme boundary-layer height, an advanced research version of the community weather research and forecasting
numerical model (WRF) is employed to simulate observed extreme boundary-layer heights in May 2000. The ability of the WRF
model in simulating the atmospheric boundary layer over arid areas is evaluated. Several key parameters that contribute to
the extremely deep boundary layer are identified through sensitivity experiments, and it is found that the WRF model is able
to capture characteristics of the observed deep atmospheric boundary layer. Results demonstrate the influence of soil moisture
and surface albedo on the simulation of the extremely deep boundary layer. In addition, the choice of land-surface model and
forecast lead times also plays a role in the accurate numerical simulation of the ABL height. 相似文献
9.
A three-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic (LS) model to evaluate pollutant dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer has been developed. The model satisfies the well-mixed criterion of Thomson and allows for inhomogeneous, skew turbulence. Making use of the spherical reference frame, one of the possible solutions has been obtained. A skewed joint probability density function (PDF), which reproduces the given velocity moments (means, variances, skewness and covariances), has been built-up by a linear combination of eight Gaussian PDFs. In order to verify consistency with the well-mixed criterion, the long term results have been compared with the theoretical behaviour. A comparison between our model and Thomson's published algorithms was also carried out. By comparing wind-tunnel data and numerical predictions, a further validation of our LS model has been obtained. From an analysis of the numerical results, we can state that our model is able to evaluate dispersion in the case of complex flows where the application of previous models is unsuccessful. 相似文献
10.
An analytical model of atmospheric dispersion in urban areas in both daytime and nighttime conditions is presented. The model
is based on a Gaussian formulation where the horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients are determined according to analytical
theories. The model is validated with dispersion measurements from field experiments conducted in Oklahoma City, Salt Lake
City, St. Louis and London, U.K. The theory is in good agreement with the data for both daytime and nighttime conditions.
The data support the conclusion that the magnitude of the nighttime stratification in the urban atmosphere is weak; however,
its effects on dispersion are not negligible. The predicted existence of two distinct dispersion regimes, in the near and
in the far field, is also confirmed by the data. The good collapse of the data suggests that urban dispersion is governed
by the characteristic length scales of atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence, rather than urban canopy length scales that
are more likely to affect dispersion only in the vicinity of the source. 相似文献
11.
人为热排放的引入对北京地区精细模拟的改进 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将人为热排放纳入到已耦合城市模块Urban Canopy Model(UCM)的中尺度气象模式Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)中,探讨了人为热排放对于北京地区精细化模拟的重要意义,其影响主要体现在以下几个方面:1)可有效改善气象要素的模拟效果,特别是对于大气边界层高度的显著性改善,该变量是控制空气质量模式中污染物垂直扩散的关键因子;2)可较好地再现城区流场及温度场,使热岛强度和中心配置更接近实况;3)可明显改善数值模式对于污染物垂直分布特征的模拟。 相似文献
12.
利用NCEP FNL再分析资料为初始场,通过WRF中尺度数值模式(V3.9.1版本)对2015年8月26~27日青藏高原那曲地区一次对流云降水过程进行了模拟,分析了不同积云对流参数化方案和云微物理参数化方案组合对本次降水过程中降水量、环流场、雷达反射率以及云微物理特征模拟效果的影响。结果表明:WRF模式能较好地模拟出本次降水的时空变化特征,但不同参数化方案组合各有优势,总体而言,Grell-Devenyi+SUBYLIN和Grell-Freitas+SUBYLIN组合模拟性能最优。本次对流云降水以冰相过程为主,雪粒子贡献最大,暖云粒子对降水的影响并不明显。从云微物理过程的时间演变可看出,性能最好的SUBYLIN方案能合理模拟降水过程中雪粒子与冰晶粒子间的转换过程,雪粒子可在凝结过程中释放潜热促使对流运动发展,也可通过融化过程促进降水发生,对流层高层冰晶粒子凝华产生的潜热释放亦为深对流的发展创造了有利条件。 相似文献
13.
The atmospheric conditions during an observed case of open cellular convection over the North Sea were simulated using the
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model. Wind, temperature and water vapour mixing ratio profiles from the
WRF simulation were used to initialize an idealized version of the model, which excluded the effects of topography, surface
inhomogeneities and large-scale weather forcing. Cells with an average diameter of 17.4 km developed. Simulations both with
and without a capping inversion were made, and the cell-scale kinetic energy budget was calculated for each case. By considering
all sources of explicit diffusion in the model, the budgets were balanced. In comparison with previous work based on observational
studies, the use of three-dimensional, gridded model data afforded the possibility of calculating all terms in the budgets,
which showed that the important terms in the budgets were buoyancy, pressure balance and inter-scale transfer to subgrid scales.
Cells were also composited to calculate the average cell-scale flow and each of the budget terms on two-dimensional cross-sections
through the cells, parallel and perpendicular to the mean wind direction. 相似文献
14.
两种模式在风电场风速预测应用中的对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2011年12月至2012年11月贺兰山风电场测风塔实测资料和同期WRF、BJ-RUC模式预测结果,对2种模式在风速预测中的应用进行对比分析。结果发现,月尺度上,2种模式预测的风速月均值普遍较实测值高,且WRF较BJ-RUC更接近实测值;WRF预测的月平均风速标准差普遍较实测低,而BJ-RUC普遍比实测大;春季WRF预测效果整体上较BJ-RUC好,其它季节WRF预测的月平均风速均方根误差较BJ-RUC的小,但与实测风速的相关性较BJ-RUC与实测风速相关性差。日尺度上,凌晨至中午前后和傍晚至前半夜2个时段,2种模式预测风速普遍比实测值大,而中午至傍晚时分正相反,预测值普遍较实测小。2种模式对〉12 m·s^-1风速预测的均方根误差最小,其次是3~12 m·s^-1,〈3 m·s^-1风速预测的均方根误差最大,但BJ-RUC对3~12 m·s^-1范围风速的变化趋势把握能力较好。WRF和BJ-RUC都普遍低估了1~4 m·s^-1风速段的频次,对5~10 m·s^-1范围频次普遍明显高估,对10 m·s^-1以上风速,WRF预测频次较实测低,而BJ-RUC预测频次则较实测高。BJ-RUC对该区风向的预测能力较WRF好。 相似文献
15.
随着沿海城市的快速发展,城市气候环境恶化,研究弱大气环流背景下的海陆风对改善城市环境具有重要意义。以晋江市为例,利用站点风要素观测数据,结合海陆风判别条件,提取并分析了两个典型海陆风日海陆风的基本特征;采用WRF与Noah陆面过程模式耦合,选用BEP多层城市冠层模型,对典型日进行了风场模拟。从模拟结果中分解出局地风,在验证海陆风现象的基础上,分析了海陆风特征的空间分布规律。结果显示:WRF模拟的逐小时局地风向时序与实测情况吻合较好,通过了信度为0.05的显著性检验,但局地风速模拟值与实测值存在显著差异,平均达到1 m/s。从WRF模拟结果提取的海、陆风起始和终止时间、持续时间与实际情况存在一定差别。两者持续时间在空间上的变化与各自起始时间的空间变化一致,且未明显出现随离岸距离增加,海陆风减弱的现象。上述结果表明,WRF能够较好地模拟海陆风日的风场特征,尽管对海、陆风速的模拟还存在一定的不确定性,但所得结论对晋江市城市规划和微环境改善有参考意义。 相似文献
16.
The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) forced by ERA40 re-analyses, is used to examine, at regional scale, the role of key features of the local atmospheric circulation on the origin and development of Tropical Temperate Troughs (TTTs) representing a major contribution to South African rainfall during austral summer. A cluster analysis applied on 1971–2000 ERA40 and WRF simulated daily outgoing longwave radiation reveals for the November–February season three coherent regimes characteristic of TTTs over the region. Analyses of WRF simulated TTTs suggest that their occurrence is primarily linked with mid-latitude westerly waves and their phasing. Ensemble experiments designed for the case of austral summer 1996/1997 allow to examine the reproducibility of TTT events. The results obtained illustrate the importance of westerly waves phasing regarding the persistence of rain-producing continental TTT events. Moreover, oceanic surface conditions prevailing over the Agulhas current regions of the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) are also found to influence TTT persistence for regional experiments with an oceanic mixed layer, warmer sea surface temperatures being associated with increased moisture advection from the SWIO where latent heat release is enhanced, favoring baroclinic instability and thus sustaining convection activity locally. 相似文献
17.
Eeva Mäkiranta Timo Vihma Anna Sjöblom Esa-Matti Tastula 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2011,140(1):105-123
Sonic anemometer and profile mast measurements made in Wahlenbergfjorden, Svalbard Arctic archipelago, in May 2006 and April
2007 were employed to study the atmospheric boundary layer over sea-ice. The turbulent surface fluxes of momentum and sensible
heat were calculated using eddy correlation and gradient methods. The results showed that the literature-based universal functions
underestimated turbulent mixing in strongly stable conditions. The validity of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory was questionable
for cross-fjord flow directions and in the presence of mesoscale variability or topographic effects. The aerodynamic roughness
length showed a dependence on the wind direction. The mean roughness length for along-fjord wind directions was (2.4 ± 2.6)
× 10−4 m, whereas that for cross-fjord directions was (5.4 ± 2.8) × 10−3 m. The thermal stratification and turbulent fluxes were affected by the synoptic situation with large differences between
the 2 years. Channelling effects and drainage flows occurred especially during a weak large-scale flow. The study periods
were simulated applying the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with 1-km horizontal resolution in the finest domain.
The results for the 2-m air temperature and friction velocity were good, but the model failed to reproduce the spatial variability
in wind direction between measurement sites 3 km apart. The model suggested that wind shear above the stable boundary layer
provided a non-local source for the turbulence observed. 相似文献
18.
利用WRF模式和GFS资料对2016年11月28—29日乌鲁木齐机场一次冻雾天气过程进行预报,针对不同微物理过程、近地层、陆面过程、边界层等方案设计了13个预报方案组合,并将预报结果与观测资料进行对比分析发现,此次冻雾过程预报中,模式对陆面过程、近地层、边界层等参数化方案组合较为敏感,最优方案组合微物理过程为WDM6、近地层方案为QNSE,陆面过程方案为Noah,边界层方案QNSE。以最优的方案组合预报结果对此次冻雾进行分析,发现利用模式预报的环流形势、层结条件、温湿条件、混合条件等能够很好的判断出此次冻雾过程。就此个例而言,WRF模式预报的机场上空稳定层的变化,湿层结构、风场的水平和垂直结构等,对冻雾的生消以及冻雾过程中的能见度变化有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
19.
一次飑线过程对流稳定度演变的诊断分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
针对2016年5月2日发生在华东地区的一次飑线过程,利用WRF模式进行高分辨率数值模拟。在成功模拟飑线发生、加强和移动的基础上,对此次过程中对流不稳定特征以及引起对流稳定度变化的原因进行诊断分析。结果表明:（1）在降水发生前,低层大气表现为对流不稳定;降水发生后,对流不稳定能量得到释放,大气趋于稳定。为了分析引起对流稳定度变化的原因,推导了局地直角坐标系中相当位温垂直梯度的倾向方程,其中位势散度是引起位势稳定度局地变化的主要强迫项。在弱降水区,低层位势散度为负值,有利于增强位势不稳定;强降水区及其前沿为位势散度正值区,倾向于抑制位势不稳定。在强降水区低层,位势散度的主要分量为垂直风切变项,代表垂直风切变和大气湿斜压性的综合作用;高层的主要分量为散度项,代表水平散度和位势稳定度的耦合作用。（2）位势散度能综合表征降水区上空垂直风切变、大气湿斜压性、水平辐合辐散和大气位势稳定度变化等特征,因而与降水联系紧密。本文利用位势散度对飑线降水进行预报,结果表明,位势散度与小时观测降水在时间和空间上吻合较好,对降水区有一定的指示意义,可以为飑线降水业务预报提供参考。 相似文献
20.
GU Jianfeng Qingnong XIAO Ying-Hwa KUO Dale M. BARKER XUE Jishan MA Xiaoxing 《大气科学进展》2005,22(3):415-427
Using the recently developed Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) 3DVAR and the WRF model, numerical experiments are conducted for the initialization and simulation of typhoon Rusa (2002).The observational data used in the WRF 3DVAR are conventional Global Telecommunications System (GTS) data and Korean Automatic Weather Station (AWS) surface observations. The Background Error Statistics (BES) via the National Meteorological Center (NMC) method has two different resolutions, that is, a 210-km horizontal grid space from the NCEP global model and a 10-km horizontal resolution from Korean operational forecasts. To improve the performance of the WRF simulation initialized from the WRF 3DVAR analyses, the scale-lengths used in the horizontal background error covariances via recursive filter are tuned in terms of the WRF 3DVAR control variables, streamfunction, velocity potential, unbalanced pressure and specific humidity. The experiments with respect to different background error statistics and different observational data indicate that the subsequent 24-h the WRF model forecasts of typhoon Rusa‘s track and precipitation are significantly impacted upon the initial fields. Assimilation of the AWS data with the tuned background error statistics obtains improved predictions of the typhoon track and its precipitation. 相似文献