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1.
基于摩尔-库伦破坏准则,以室内动三轴试验为手段,研究了西宁、兰州、西吉、西安等地原状黄土的动强度特性,分析了振动次数及天然条件下各地区原状黄土初始孔隙比、天然含水率、塑性指数与动抗剪强度的区域性特征.研究表明:含水率相同条件下,随着固结应力的增大,黄土的动抗剪强度也逐渐增大,这种增加趋势成非正比关系;随着振动次数的累积作用,研究区自西北向东南部,黄土的粘聚力呈降低趋势,内摩擦角变化趋势较离散;天然状态下:黄土的初始孔隙比自西北向东南大致呈增大趋势,其动粘聚力也呈逐渐增强的趋势,内摩擦角呈减小的趋势;含水率自西北向东南大致呈增大趋势,随着含水率的增长黄土的动粘聚力逐渐增强,内摩擦角大致呈减小的趋势;随着原状黄土粘粒含量基本呈自西北向东南增大趋势,动粘聚力也逐渐增大,内摩擦角呈减小的趋势,但幅值减小不具有相似性. 相似文献
2.
含水率及干密度对桂林红黏土抗剪强度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究含水率及干密度对桂林红黏土抗剪强度的影响机理,进行了一系列控制含水率、干密度的直剪试验,建立含水率及干密度与抗剪强度的函数关系式。试验结果表明:同一干密度条件下,粘聚力、内摩擦角随含水率的增大整体呈下降趋势;在含水率相同时,随干密度增大,粘聚力减小,内摩擦角增大。分析表明:随含水率增大,具有“水稳定”性的胶结作用减弱,引起粘聚力降低;土中结晶态氧化铁含量高于胶结态时,内摩擦角增大,反之则降低。干密度增大时,重塑土因胶结键断裂后短时间无法恢复,使土颗粒的有效胶结面积的减少程度大于其增多的程度,引起粘聚力下降;干密度的增大会改变红黏土的微观结构模型,土中封闭孔隙的增多会导致粘聚力下降;土样微观结构性随干密度的增大而增强,使内摩擦角增大。 相似文献
3.
通过直接剪切试验研究了不同含水率、不同纤维量、不同压实度纤维加筋黄土的黏聚力、内摩擦角和抗剪强度的变化规律。研究结果表明:含水率由14%增加到18%时,黄土的黏聚力逐渐减小,当其大于20%时,黏聚力c急剧减小;当黄土的含水率为18%时,内摩擦角φ最大,黄土的抗剪强度达到最大值;纤维材料在黄土中呈面状、网状和团状分布,内摩擦角和黏聚力均随纤维量的增大先增大后减小,纤维量0.5%为最优纤维量;纤维含量小于最优纤维量时,内摩擦角随压实度的增大变化较小,当纤维含量大于最优纤维量时,内摩擦角变化较大;同时,在实际应用方面,该试验给出了含水率、纤维量和压实度与内摩擦角和黏聚力的函数关系,对黄土地区施工具有指导意义。 相似文献
4.
研究含水率和加筋率对稻秸秆加筋土的强度影响问题,对促进稻秸秆加筋土在边坡生态防护中的推广应用具有重要作用。针对边坡生态防护所采用的稻秸秆加筋土,通过直剪试验研究不同加筋率与含水率条件下加筋土抗剪强度的变化规律。试验通过加水法和烘干法改变6种加筋率（加筋率为:0~0.5%）试样的含水率,然后进行室内直剪试验。结果表明:（1）不同加筋率条件下加水法所得加筋土试样的抗剪强度、粘聚力与内摩擦角均随含水率的增加先增大后减小,并在土体最优含水率14.8%时出现峰值,而烘干法所得加筋土试样的抗剪强度、粘聚力与内摩擦角则随含水率的增加而逐渐减小;（2）加水法与烘干法所得抗剪强度、粘聚力与内摩擦角受含水率的影响均存在临界值,约为19%;（3）在增长率相同的条件下含水率对加筋土抗剪性能的影响大于加筋率。 相似文献
5.
以晋西黄土为研究对象,采用常规直剪试验和不排水不固结三轴试验,对不同含水量下土样的抗剪强度参数进行了测定,得出晋西黄土抗剪强度随含水量变化的规律。试验表明:直剪试验条件下,随着含水量的增加,土的抗剪强度降低。当含水量小于12%左右时,随着含水量的增大,黏聚力c降低迅速;当含水量在12%~23%时,随含水量的增大,黏聚力降低缓慢,降低幅度较小,当含水量大于23%左右时,随含水量的增大,黏聚力降低趋势再次变陡;抗剪强度参数内摩擦角φ随着含水量的增大,变化趋势不明显,其取值大致在14°~32°。三轴不固结不排水剪切试验中,随着含水量的增加,抗剪强度参数c降低,在小于12%含水量时,降低趋势陡,大于12%含水量后,降低趋势变缓;内摩擦角φ随着含水量的增大呈线性降低,且相关性较好。 相似文献
6.
以攀枝花教师街滑坡为背景,考虑土体抗拉强度的影响,结合抗剪强度,采用“拉剪强度同等折减法”来研究滑坡的稳定性。通过室内试验,分析了含水率对教师街滑坡不同岩土层的影响规律,发现滑带层土体的内摩擦角和粘聚力受水的作用更加显著。通过利用有限差分软件FLAC和拉剪同等折减法,得到了教师街滑坡的拉剪临界折减系数、临界内摩擦角、临界粘聚力;同时,还发现教师街滑坡对土体的内摩擦角敏感度最高,但是抗拉强度的影响和粘聚力很接近,不容忽视;滑坡坡肩位移大于坡脚位移,应注意坡肩位移的变化。 相似文献
7.
8.
全晓娟龚禹为汪波钟官峰周尚武 《冰川冻土》2023,(3):1016-1025
冻融作用会对土体结构和性质造成影响,在冻融作用下,不同类型土壤的抗剪强度变化呈现出不同规律。本文选取青藏高原具有代表性的黏土,开展不同初始含水率和不同冻融循环次数下的重塑土抗剪强度变化研究,结合压电陶瓷监测试验,探究冻融循环下青藏黏土抗剪强度指标的变化模式和规律。结果表明:在反复冻融作用下,青藏黏土抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角随含水率增大呈阶梯下降;同一含水率的抗剪强度和黏聚力劣化曲线可以分为快速劣化和稳定两个阶段,内摩擦角呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;冻融循环过程中第1次循环对青藏黏土抗剪强度影响最为明显;采用压电陶瓷监测的应力波信号通过小波包分析可以得到真实信号振幅和应力波能量,二者均能反映青藏黏土抗剪强度的劣化趋势。本文提出的强度劣化指标能很好地反映青藏黏土抗剪强度的劣化程度,这在未来工程实际中有着一定的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
人工冻土的物理力学指标是地铁隧道工程冻结壁设计参数和开挖的依据。通过对宁波轨道交通一号线联络通道②～⑤海相沉积软土地层人工冻土的室内单轴抗压强度和抗剪强度试验,获得了冻结前后②～⑤土层的比热容、导热系数、内摩擦角和粘聚力的对比结果以及不同温度条件下冻土的极限抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比结果。试验结果表明:②～⑤土层人工冻结土的物理力学指标较原状土有很大的提高,人工冻土极限抗压强度、弹性模量随温度的降低而增大,近似呈线性关系。各土层泊松比、温度的变化对冻土泊松比影响较小,随温度的降低有一定的减小。在-10℃条件下,冻结前淤泥质土、粘土层的内摩擦角和粘聚力有了大幅的提高,而③1砂土层的内摩擦角增幅较小。 相似文献
10.
干湿和冻融循环作用下黄土强度劣化特性试验研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
通过室内试验模拟土体季节性的干湿和冻融交替变化,采用直剪试验测试了原状黄土经干湿和冻融循环作用后的抗剪强度及抗剪强度参数的变化,并进行了直剪后试样的易溶盐总量测定.结果表明：干湿和冻融循环作用对原状黄土物理力学性质影响极大,是造成黄土边坡破坏的主要因素.随着干湿循环次数的增加,试样的抗剪强度逐渐减小,黏聚力逐渐减小,内摩擦角先增加,后逐渐趋于稳定,盐分迁移现象明显,土样下部易溶盐含量逐渐减少,上部易溶盐含量逐渐增加,并且试样的质量损失逐渐增加;随着冻融循环次数的增加,试样的抗剪强度逐渐减小,黏聚力逐渐增大最后趋于稳定,而内摩擦角和盐分迁移现象不明显. 相似文献
11.
Calculated Phase Relations in the System NCKFMASH (Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O) for High-Pressure Metapelites 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Petrogenetic grids in the system NCKFMASH (Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O)and the subsystems NCKMASH and NCKFASH calculated with the softwareTHERMOCALC 3.1 are presented for the P–T range 7–30kbar and 450–680°C, for assemblages involving garnet,chloritoid, biotite, carpholite, talc, chlorite, kyanite, staurolite,paragonite, glaucophane, jadeite, omphacite, diopsidic pyroxene,plagioclase, zoisite and lawsonite, with phengite, quartz/coesiteand H2O in excess. These grids, together with calculated compatibilitydiagrams and P–T and T–XCa and P–XCa pseudosectionsfor different bulk-rock compositions, show that incorporationof Ca into the NKFMASH system leads to many of the NKFMASH invariantequilibria moving to lower pressure and/or lower temperature,which results, in most cases, in the stability of jadeite andgarnet being enlarged, but in the reduction of stability ofglaucophane, plagioclase and AFM phases. The effect of Ca onthe stability of paragonite is dependent on mineral assemblageat different P–T conditions. The calculated NCKFMASH diagramsare powerful in delineating the phase equilibria and P–Tconditions of natural pelitic assemblages. Moreover, contoursof the calculated phengite Si isopleths in P–T and P–XCapseudosections confirm that phengite barometry in NCKFMASH isstrongly dependent on mineral assemblage. KEY WORDS: phase relations; metapelites; NCKFMASH; THERMOCALC; phengite geobarometry 相似文献
12.
Smriti SinghLal C. Ram Reginald E. MastoSantosh K. Verma 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,87(2):112-120
Coal being a limited source of energy, extraction of energy from other sources like lignite, coal-refuse, and biomass is being attempted worldwide. The minerals and inorganic elements present in fuel feeds pose different technological and environmental concerns. Lignite ash, refuse ash, and biomass ash collected from Indian power plants burning lignite, coal-refuse, and mustard stalk, respectively, were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics and trace elements. The lignite ash has high SiO2, CaO, MgO, Al2O3, and SO3; the refuse ash has high SiO2 and Fe2O3, but low SO3; the biomass ash has high SiO2 (but low Al2O3), and high CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, SO3, and P2O5. A substantial presence of chloride (2.1%) was observed in the biomass ash. Quartz is the most abundant mineral species. Other minerals are mullite, hematite, gehlenite, anhydrite, and calcite in the lignite ash; orthoclase in the refuse ash; albite, sanidine, gehlenite, anhydrite, and calcite in the biomass ash. Ashes with high concentrations (> 100 mg/kg) of trace elements are: lignite ash (V < La < Mn < Cr < Ni < Nd < Ba < Ce, Zn < Sr); refuse ash (Cr < Ce < V < Rb < Mn < Sr, Zn < Ba); biomass ash (Cu < Zn < Ba, Sr). Based on Earth crust normalization, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Zn, Pb, U, and REEs (except Pr and Er) are enriched in the lignite ash; molybdenum, Zn, Cs, Pb, Th, U, La, Ce, and Lu in the refuse ash; and Mo, Zn, Sr, Cs, Pb, and Lu in the biomass ash. Elements As, Zn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Cr, V, Ba, Sr, and REEs are correlated with Al, indicating the possibilities of their association with aluminum silicates minerals. Similarly, barium, Cs, Th, and U are correlated with iron oxides; molybdenum and Sr may also be associated with sulfates and chlorides. Due to the alkaline nature of these ashes, the high concentrations of As and Se in the lignite ash; molybdenum in the biomass ash; and Se in the refuse ash may pose environmental concerns. 相似文献
13.
The Cu–Co–Ni Texeo mine has been the most important source of Cu in NW Spain since Roman times and now, approximately 40,000 m3 of wastes from mine and metallurgical operations, containing average concentrations of 9,263 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,100 mg kg−1 As, 549 mg kg−1 Co, and 840 mg kg−1 Ni, remain on-site. Since the cessation of the activity, the abandoned works, facilities and waste piles have been posing
a threat to the environment, derived from the release of toxic elements. In order to assess the potential environmental pollution
caused by the mining operations, a sequential sampling strategy was undertaken in wastes, soil, surface and groundwater, and
sediments. First, screening field tools were used to identify hotspots, before defining formal sampling strategies; so, in
the areas where anomalies were detected in a first sampling stage, a second detailed sampling campaign was undertaken. Metal
concentrations in the soils are highly above the local background, reaching up to 9,921 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,373 mg kg−1 As, 685 mg kg−1 Co, and 1,040 mg kg−1 Ni, among others. Copper concentrations downstream of the mine works reach values up to 1,869 μg l−1 and 240 mg kg−1 in surface water and stream sediments, respectively. Computer-based risk assessment for the site gives a carcinogenic risk
associated with the presence of As in surface waters and soils, and a health risk for long exposures; so, trigger levels of
these elements are high enough to warrant further investigation. 相似文献
14.
The Cretaceous deposits of the Southern Petén Basin, an oil-producing province, are located to the south of the Yucatan Platform and to the east of the Chiapas Carbonate Platform of Mexico. The succession in the southern part of this basin has been studied both in wells and at outcrop by microfacies analysis. It is composed of 5000 m of shallow marine carbonates and evaporites with a few thin layers of pelagic limestones rich in organic carbon and planktic foraminifera deposited during peak transgressions or maximum flooding. The sedimentation of this thick succession was not continuous, and the section is punctuated by subaerial erosional bounding surfaces and a single hardground which marks the final drowning of the carbonate platform during the late Maastrichtian. New age determinations have been obtained on the basis of planktic and benthic foraminifera from the Aptian to Santonian Cobán Formation, D, C, B and A Members. Cobán C (Albian) and B (Cenomanian) Members are the present oil reservoirs. The rudist and alveolinid limestones of late Campanian and Maastrichtian age referred to the Campur Formation in the Southern Petén Basin are here reassigned to the Angostura Formation, as recognized in the Chiapas area. The Actela Formation is defined here to encompass the limestone breccia deposits that occur at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary and extend into the Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina Zone of early Danian age. The D, C, B and A Members of the Cobán Formation and the Angostura Formation represent second order transgressive and regressive trends in a passive margin area where the deposits indicate a succession of various environments, including fluviatile, salinas, shallow marine carbonate platform, outer shelf and intrashelf basin. High subsidence rates, sea-level changes and tectonic uplift controlled the sedimentation.
Abstract
Les formations crétacées du sud-est du Bassin du Petén, région pétrolière du nord du Guatemala, sont situées au Sud du Yucatan et à l'Est du Chiapas au Mexique. Ces sédiments ont été étudiés à la fois dans deux puits et à l'affleurement par l'analyse des microfaciès. Cet ensemble sédimentaire est composé de 5000 m de carbonates de plate-forme de faible profondeur et d'évaporites, dans lesquels s'intercalent de minces couches de calcaires pélagiques riches en matière organique et en foraminifères planctoniques. Ces calcaires pélagiques se sont déposés lors des maximums de transgressions. La sédimentation de cette épaisse série n'est pas continue et est ponctuée par quelques surfaces d'érosion sub-aérienne et une surface durcie qui souligne l'ennoyage définitif de la plate-forme carbonatée au Maastrichtien terminal. De nouvelles datations ont été obtenues sur la formation Cobán et ses membres D, C, B et A qui s'étagent de l'Aptien au Santonien. Les membres C (albien) et B (cénomanien) constituent les réservoirs productifs. Les calcaires à rudistes et à alveolinidés du Campanien supérieur–Maastrichtien ont été appelés à tort au Petén formation Campur. Ils doivent, selon nous, être attribués à la formation Angostura comme au Chiapas voisin, où affleurent des faciès comparables et de même âge. Une nouvelle formation est créée (formation Actela) pour les brèches calcaires de la limite Crétacé–Tertiaire et de la Zone à Eugubina du Danien inférieur. Les membres D, C, B, A de la formation Cobán et la formation Angostura représentent des cycles transgressifs–régressifs de deuxième ordre. Sur cette marge passive du Petén, les dépôts correspondent à des environnements variés comme des terres émergées soumises à une altération karstique et à des dépôts fluviatiles, des salinas, des plates-formes carbonatées marines, des shelf externes et des bassins intra plate-forme. La sédimentation a été, ici, contrôlée par une forte vitesse de subsidence, les variations du niveau marin et des soulèvements tectoniques. 相似文献15.
Structural parameters and cation ordering are determined for four compositions in the synthetic MgGa2O4-Mg2GeO4 spinel solid solution (0, 8, 15 and 23 mol% Mg2GeO4; 1400 °C, 1 bar) and for spinelloid β-Mg3Ga2GeO8 (1350 °C, 1 bar), by Rietveld refinement of room-temperature neutron diffraction data. Sample chemistry is determined by
XRF and EPMA. Addition of Mg2GeO4 causes the cation distribution of the MgGa2O4 component to change from a disordered inverse distribution in end member MgGa2O4, [4]Ga = x = 0.88(3), through the random distribution, toward a normal cation distribution, x = 0.37(3), at 23 mol% Mg2GeO4. An increase in ao with increasing Mg2GeO4 component is correlated with an increase in the amount of Mg on the tetrahedral site, through substitution of 2 Ga3+⇄ Mg2++Ge4+. The spinel exhibits high configurational entropy, reaching 20.2 J mol−1 (four oxygen basis) near the compositional upper limit of the solid solution. This stabilizes the spinel in spite of positive
enthalpy of disordering over the solid solution, where ΔH
D
= αx + βx
2, α = 22(3), β = −21(3) kJ mol−1. This model for the cation distribution across the join suggests that the empirically determined limit of the spinel solid
solution is correlated with the limit of tetrahedral ordering of Mg, after which local charge-balanced substitution is no
longer maintained.
Spinelloid β-Mg3Ga2GeO8 has cation distribution M1[Mg0.50(2)Ga0.50(2)] M2[Mg0.96(2)Ga0.04(2)] M3[Mg0.77(2) Ga0.23(2)]2 (Ge0.5Ga0.5)2O8 (tetrahedral site occupancies are assumed). Octahedral site size is correlated to Mg distribution, where site volume, site
distortion, and Mg content follow the relation M1<M3<M2. The disordered cation distribution provides local electrical neutrality
in the structure, and stabilization through increased configurational entropy (27.6 J mol−1; eight oxygen basis). Comparison of the crystal structures of Mg1+
N
Ga2−2
N
Ge
N
O4 spinel, β-Mg3Ga2GeO8, and Mg2GeO4 olivine reveals β-Mg3Ga2GeO8 to be a true structural intermediate. Phase transitions across the pseudobinary are necessary to accommodate an increasing
divergence of cation size and valence, with addition of Mg2GeO4 component. Octahedral volume increases while tetrahedral volume decreases from spinel to β-Mg3Ga2GeO8 to olivine, with addition of Mg and Ge, respectively. Furthermore, M-M distances increase regularly across the join, suggesting
that changes in topology reduce cation-cation repulsion.
Received: 9 November 1998 / Revised, accepted: 3 August 1999 相似文献
16.
Geochemistry constraints of Mesozoic–Cenozoic calc-alkaline magmatism in the South Shetland arc, Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Machado E.F. Lima F. Chemale Jr. D. Morata O. Oteiza D.P.M. Almeida A.M.G. Figueiredo F.M. Alexandre J.L. Urrutia 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):407-425
Geochemical data from basalts, basaltic andesites, and andesites of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic (143–44 Ma) from Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, King George, and Ardley Islands of the South Shetland archipelago, Antarctica, are presented. The rocks have variable SiO2 of approximately 46–61 wt%, Al2O3 of 15–26 wt%, and total alkali (K2O+Na2O) of 2–6 wt%. Most samples have low Mg#, Cr, and Ni, which indicates that they have undergone significant fractional crystallization from mantle-derived melts. The presence of olivine cumulatic in the samples from Livingston and Robert Islands explains some high MgO, Ni, and Cr values, whereas low Rb, Zr, and Nb values could be related to undifferentiated magmas. N-MORB-normalized trace element patterns show that South Shetland Islands volcanic rocks have a geochemical pattern similar to that found for other island arcs, with enrichment in LILE relative to HFSE and in LREE relative to HREE. The geochemistry pattern and presence of calcic plagioclase, orthopyroxene, Mg-olivine, and titanomagnetite phenocrysts suggest a source related to the subduction process. The geochemical data also suggest magma evolution from the tholeiitic to the calc-alkaline series; some samples show a transitional pattern. Samples from the South Shetland archipelago show moderate LREE/HREE ratios relative to N-MORB and OIB, depletion in Nb relative to Yb, and high Th/Yb ratios. These patterns probably reflect magma derived from a lithospheric mantle source previously modified by fluids and sediments from a subduction zone.
Resumo
Dados geoquímicos de basaltos, andesitos basálticos e andesitos mesozóicos–cenozóicos (143–44 Ma) das ilhas Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, King George e Ardley do Arquipélago Shetland do Sul, Antártica são discutidas neste artigo. As rochas tem conteúdos de SiO2 variando de 46 a 61%, Al2O3 de 15 a 26% e álcalis (K2O+Na2O) de 2 a 6%. A maior parte das amostras tem conteúdos baixos de Mg#, Cr e Ni, indicando que sofreram significante cristalização fracionada de fusões derivadas do manto. A presença de fases cumuláticas nas amostras das ilhas Livingston e Robert explicaria os elevados valores de MgO, Ni, Cr, enquanto que baixos valores de Rb, Zr e Nb observados nas amostras destas ilhas poderiam estar relacionados a magmas não diferenciados. Os padrões de elementos-traço normalizados pelo N-MORB mostram que as rochas vulcânicas das Ilhas Shetland do Sul têm padrão geoquímico similar àqueles encontrados em outros arcos de ilhas com enriquecimento em LILE em relação aos HFSE e em ETRL em relação aos ETRP. O padrão geoquímico e a ocorrência de fenocristais de plagioclásio cálcico, ortopiroxênio, olivina magnesiana e titanomagnetita sugerem origem relacionada a processos de subducção. Dados geoquímicos obtidos para as amostras do arquipélago Shetland do Sul sugerem um magma evoluindo de toleítico para cálcico-alcalino, observando-se em algumas amostras um padrão transicional. As amostras do arquipélago Shetland do Sul mostram em relação ao N-MORB e OIB, moderadas razões ETRL/ETRP, empobrecimento em Nb relativo a Yb e elevada razão Th/Yb Estes padrões refletem, provavelmente, magma derivado de uma fonte mantélica litosférica, que foi modificada por fluídos e sedimentos da zona de subducção. 相似文献17.
Dirk Frei Axel Liebscher Gerhard Franz Bernd Wunder Stephan Klemme Jon Blundy 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,157(4):473-490
We determined experimentally the Nernst distribution coefficient between orthopyroxene and anhydrous silicate melt for trace elements i in the system Na2O–CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (NCMAS) along the dry model lherzolite solidus from 1.1 GPa/1,230°C up to 3.2 GPa/1,535°C in a piston cylinder apparatus.
Major and trace element composition of melt and orthopyroxene were determined with a combination of electron microprobe and
ion probe analyses. We provide partitioning data for trace elements Li, Be, B, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb,
Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Nd, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Pb, U, and Th. The melts were chosen to be boninitic at 1.1 and 2.0 GPa, picritic
at 2.3 GPa and komatiitic at 2.7 and 3.2 GPa. Orthopyroxene is Tschermakitic with 8 mol% Mg-Tschermaks MgAl[AlSiO6] at 1.1 GPa while at higher pressure it has 18–20 mol%. The rare earth elements show a continuous, significant increase in
compatibility with decreasing ionic radius from D
Laopx−melt ∼ 0.0008 to D
Luopx−melt ∼ 0.15. For the high-field-strength elements compatibility increases from D
Thopx−melt ∼ 0.001 through D
Nbopx−melt ∼ 0.0015, D
Uopx−melt ∼ 0.002, D
Taopx−melt ∼ 0.005, D
Zropx−melt ∼ 0.02 and D
Hfopx−melt ∼ 0.04 to D
Tiopx−melt ∼ 0.14. From mathematical and graphical fits we determined best-fit values for D
0M1, D
0M2, r
0M1, r
0M2, E
0M1, and E
0M2 for the two different M sites in orthopyroxene according to the lattice strain model and calculated the intracrystalline
distribution between M1 and M2. Our data indicate extreme intracrystalline fractionation for most elements in orthopyroxene;
for the divalent cations D
i
M2−M1 varies by three orders of magnitude between D
CoM2−M1 = 0.00098–0.00919 and D
BaM2−M1 = 2.3–28. Trivalent cations Al and Cr almost exclusively substitute on M1 while the other trivalent cations substitute on
M2; D
LaM2−M1 reaches extreme values between 6.5 × 107 and 1.4 × 1016. Tetravalent cations Ti, Hf, and Zr almost exclusively substitute on M1 while U and Th exclusively substitute on M2. Our
new comprehensive data set can be used for polybaric-polythermal melting models along the Earth’s mantle solidus.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
18.
Jin Li Suo‐han Tang Xiang‐kun Zhu Zhi‐hong Li Shi‐Zhen Li Bin Yan Yue Wang Jian Sun Yao Shi Aiguo Dong Nick S. Belshaw Xingchao Zhang Sheng‐ao Liu Ji‐hua Liu Deli Wang Shao‐yong Jiang KeJun Hou Anthony S. Cohen 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(1):163-175
Iron, Cu and Zn stable isotope systems are applied in constraining a variety of geochemical and environmental processes. Secondary reference materials have been developed by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), in collaboration with other participating laboratories, comprising three solutions (CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn) and one basalt (CAGS‐Basalt). These materials exhibit sufficient homogeneity and stability for application in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopic ratio determinations. Reference values were determined by inter‐laboratory analytical comparisons involving up to eight participating laboratories employing MC‐ICP‐MS techniques, based on the unweighted means of submitted results. Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil notation, based on reference materials IRMM‐014 for Fe, NIST SRM 976 for Cu and IRMM‐3702 for Zn. Respective reference values of CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn solutions are as follows: δ56Fe = 0.83 ± 0.07 and δ57Fe = 1.20 ± 0.13, δ65Cu = 0.57 ± 0.06, and δ66Zn = ?0.79 ± 0.12 and δ68Zn = ?1.65 ± 0.24, respectively. Those of CAGS‐Basalt are δ56Fe = 0.15 ± 0.07, δ57Fe = 0.22 ± 0.10, δ65Cu = 0.12 ± 0.08, δ66Zn = 0.17 ± 0.13, and δ68Zn = 0.34 ± 0.26 (2s). 相似文献
19.
Calculated Phase Relations in High-Pressure Metapelites in the System NKFMASH (Na2O-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O) 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Using an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and updatedmodels of activity–composition relation for solid solutions,petrogenetic grids in the system NKFMASH (Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O)and the subsystems NKMASH and NKFASH have been calculated withthe software THERMOCALC 3.1 in the P–T range 5–36kbar and 400–810°C, involving garnet, chloritoid,biotite, carpholite, talc, chlorite, kyanite/sillimanite, staurolite,phengite, paragonite, albite, glaucophane, jadeite, with quartz/coesiteand H2O in excess. These grids, together with calculated AFMcompatibility diagrams and P–T pseudosections, are shownto be powerful tools for delineating the phase equilibria andP–T conditions of Na-bearing pelitic assemblages for avariety of bulk compositions from high-P terranes around theworld. These calculated equilibria are in good agreement withpetrological studies. Moreover, contours of the calculated phengiteSi isopleths in P–T pseudosections for different bulkcompositions confirm that phengite barometry is highly dependenton mineral assemblage. KEY WORDS: phase relations; HP metapelite; NKFMASH; THERMOCALC; phengite geobarometry 相似文献
20.
Anhydrite–pyrite–magnetite–pyroxene–type deposits occur in the Mesozoic volcanic areas of the Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley in China. These deposits are hosted in alkaline basaltic rocks, and are generally accompanied by melanocratic and leucocratic alteration zones, both of which are characterized by a distinct vertical zonation pattern. Investigation of these zones indicates that the chemical compositions of solid solutions and polymorphs of various minerals vary spatially in the alteration profile, upwards from the lowest level, and outwards from the center.Here we report a case study on the Luohe deposit. In the melanocratic-alteration zone, the composition of magnetite (including trace elements Ti, V, Mg, Mn), pyroxene (Mg, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al2O3), plagioclase (AnxAb1 − x), pyrite (Co, Ni) and apatite (F, CeO2 + Y2O3 + La2O3) changes with depth. The isotherms of hydrothermal fluids determined from fluid inclusion data, including homogenization temperature and salinity, also vary with depth.Activity diagrams were constructed from mineral and isotherm analysis to estimate the chemical constraints on the alteration-mineral assemblages and the coexisting hydrothermal solutions for the Na2O–K2O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe2O3–A12O3–SiO2–H2SO4–H2S–HCI–H2O system at 350 to 600 °C and 500 bars (50 MPa), assuming that the major alteration mineral assemblages along the profile reflect the nature of the coexisting hydrothermal solutions. The activity diagrams adopted the major minerals as buffers to fix the activities of the aqueous species in the system, simulating the physicochemical conditions of the magnetite–anhydrite–pyroxene equilibrium and of solid solutions of diopside–hedenbergite, grossular–andradite and anorthite–albite found in the profile.This study provides an approach to modeling the chemical constraints of coexisting fluids in ore-alteration zones based on field observations. 相似文献