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1.
Amorphous aluminophosphate(AlP) and metal-aluminophosphates(MAlPs, where M = 2.5 mol%Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ce, or Zr) were prepared by coprecipitation method. Their surface properties and catalytic activity for the synthesis of jasminaldehyde through the aldol condensation of nheptanal and benzaldehyde were investigated. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that the microporosity exhibited by the aluminophosphate was changed to a mesoporous and macroporous structure which depended on the metal incorporated, with a concomitant change in the surface area. Temperature-programmed desorption of NHand COrevealed that the materials possessed both acidic and basic sites. The acidic strength of the material was either increased or decreased depending on the nature of the metal. The basicity was increased compared to AlP. All the materials were X-ray amorphous and powder X-ray diffraction studies indicated the absence of metal oxide phases. The Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of phosphate groups and also the absence of any M-O moieties in the materials. The selected organic reaction occurred only in the presence of the AlP and MAlPs. The selectivity for the jasminaldehyde product was up to 75% with a yield of 65%. The best conversion of nheptanal with a high selectivity to jasminaldehyde was obtained with FeAlP as the catalyst, and this material was characterized to have less weak acid sites and more basic sites. 相似文献
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Experiments have been performed on the system MgO-SiO2-Cr-O at 0-2.88 GPa and 1100-1450℃,focusing on the stability of Cr^2 in olivine(O1),orthopyroxene(Opx) and spinel(Sp) and its partitioning between these phases.Analytical reagent grade chemicals,MgO,SiO2,Cr2O3.and Cr were used to make starting mixtures.Excess Cr(50%) was then added in these mixtures to ensure that the resultant phases were in equilibrium with the metal Cr.Flux of BaO B2O3(%) was added for facilitating experimental equilibrium and crystal growth.Cr was used as capsule material.All phases in the product were identified by X-ray and analyzed by electron microprobe,The contents of CrO in the different phases(O1,Opx and Sp)were calculated according to stoichiometry.The obtained results of calculation indicate that Cr^3 in Ol and Opx is negligible.The experimental results show;(a) with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure,Cr^2 solubility in Ol,Opx and Sp increases;(b) with in creasing temperature,the partitioning coefficient of Mg and Cr^2 between Ol and Opx decreases,that between Opx and Sp increases,and that between Ol and Sp remains almost unchanged;(c) the effect of pressure on all partitioning coefficients is negligible. 相似文献
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Oishi ShujiDepartment of Environmental Science Technology Faculty of Engineering Shinshu University Wakasato Nagano - JapanYamamoto HirofumiDepartment of Chemistry Material Engineering Faculty of Engineering Shinshu University 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2002,13(1):35-39
Well-formed crystals of emerald, Be3AI2Si6O18:Cr, were easily grown from an Na2O-MoO3 flux by an isothermal technique. The crystal growth was conducted by heating a mixture of solute and flux at 1 100 ℃ for 24 h. The evaporation loss of flux depended on the amount of Na2O added to MoO3. Emerald crystals of lengths up to 2.1 mm and widths of 1. 4 mm were grown. The crystal sizes were dependent on the evaporation loss of the flux. The obtained crystals were transparent and exhibited the typical emerald-green color. The form of the emerald crystals was a twelve-sided prism bounded by well-developed faces. The aspect ratios were in the region of 1. 4 to 2. 3. The density was (2. 64±0.02) g/cm3. The IR absorption bands were in good agreement with the literature data. 相似文献
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Fan Shizhong 《《地质学报》英文版》1988,62(1):101-112
The paper presents an example of the application of remote-sensing techniques in peat resource investiga-tions. The study was carried out in the Zoige region. The optimal imagery time (during October) and theoptimal band (MSS_7) of Landsat data were selected. The preferred images were processed optically and bycomputer and interpreted in a comprehensive way. And in-situ spectrum measurements and drilling verificationwere carried out.The identification signature of the peat bogs in Zoige was defined. The feature of the identifi-cation signature for peat was that the peat bog area showed a dark tone with lower reflectance in images of thefour MSS bands. The distribution range of peat bogs in the region was exactly located. The types of peat bogswere distinguished. The total peat area of 4038 km~(2) was defined with a total reserve of 5 billion m~3. The resultof the study indicates that the large-area, small-scale investigation of peat resources by use of satelliteremote-sensing data is an advanced method. by which the work efficiency can increase by about 20 times. 相似文献
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Preliminary results of our study an ancient meteorite records by the end of the Ching dynasty are presented in the present paper. Early in 645 B.C. there were formal records on meteorite falls and cosmoganesis of meteorites. The utinization of iron meteorites for making weapons alloyed with bronze has a history of more than 3000 years (in the Shang and Zhou dynasties). By the time of 1064 (in the Sung dynasty) iron meteorites were well doeum anted. The geographical distribution and falling time of meteorites are also mentioned. The maximum number of meteorite falls was recorded in May and June against the minimum number in December in a year.33 serious calamities caused by meteorite f alls themselves, and several interesting records on meteorite falls are also described in this paper. 相似文献
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Effect of Bacillus mucilaginosus on weathering of phosphorite and a preliminary analysis of bacterial proteins 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The authors investigated the effect of Bacillus mucilaginosus on weathering of phosphorite. Analysis of different proteins was of significance in exploring the molecular biological mechanism in the bacterial weathering process. The concrete methods are described as follows： Mineral powder was put into liquid culture medium and B. mucilaginosus was incubated in the medium. The control （group） had no mineral powder in the medium. The treatments and controls were cultured simultaneously under the same condition. In a few days, the supernatant was filtrated, the main cations （Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Na^＋, Mn^2＋, Al^3＋, Fe^3＋, K^＋） were measured by ICP-OES, and the contents of water soluble phosphorus （Pws） and silicon （Siws） were determined by colorimetry. The residual solid was weighed on the filter paper, followed by digestion with concentrated HNO3. The concentrations of the main cations and Pws, Siws in the digest liquid were measured by using the method mentioned above. After the supernatant was centrifuged, the precipitation was used to analyze the protein differences between the treatment groups and the control groups by 2-dimentional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）. The experimental results showed that apatite and quartz were partially weathered, but kaolinite was dissolved completely. The population of bacteria increased when mineral powder was added in the liquid medium. Software analysis and comparison of the 2-DE pictures of bacterial proteins revealed 1134 visible protein spots in the treatment group, and 729 visible protein spots in the control group. To compare the bacterial protein expression contents of the treatment group with those of the control group, there were 496 different protein spots, including 214 protein spots which indicated that the protein contents increased, 75 protein spots were indicative of a decrease, and 207 proteins were newly synthesized. It is proposed that the increased bacterial contents may be related to some protein expression and activation after the 相似文献
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Because oxygen deficient conditions enhance the preservation of depositional organic matter, analysis on paleooxygenation conditions of depositional environments becomes a routine work in evaluations of potential hydrocarbon source rocks. The article focuses on depositional and ecological features relating to oxygen deficient shelfal environments at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, as a part of multidiscipline collaboration to reevaluate the hydrocarbon potential of the Middle and Upper Permian, Guangyuan (广元), Northeast Sichuan (四川) Province. Icbnofabric Zoophycos, sepioilte-bearing limestones (SBL) were interpreted as indicators of dysaerobic environments. Laminated calcareous and/or siliceous mudstones with pelagic ammonites and radiolarians were believed to be the deposits of anaerobic environments. When rhythmic succession was considered, average strategy was adopted for the oxygenation explanation of a given intervaL The anaerobic condition in this Permian section was observed in the upper part of the latest Permian Dalong (大隆) Formation, in which siliceous mudstones with ammonite, radiolarians develop in association with lower U/Mo ratio, lower biomarker ratio of Pr/Ph, and the highest TOC content. The topmost Maokou (茅口) Formation, featured by thin-bedded calcareous and siliceous mudstones with ammonite, thin-shelled bivalves, and laminations would be deposits of the quasianaerobic condition. The middle part of the Members and Ⅲ of the Chihsia Formation is proposed to be dysaerobic condition as indicated by occurrences of SBL and ichnofabric features, with the Member Ⅲ being the severe dysaerobic condition. 相似文献
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朱义年 《中国地球化学学报》2003,22(4):302-312
Gneiss-distilled water interaction at room temperature was investigated with batch-reactors to study water-rock reaction and geochemical evolution of the aqueous phase with time. The ion concentrations in water were controlled not only by the dissolution of primary minerals, but also by the precipitation of secondary minerals. The decreasing fraction sizes of gneiss could favor dissolution and precipitation simultaneously. Ca^2 and K^ were the major cations, and HCO3^- was the major anion in water. All the ions except Ca^2 increased in concentration with time. The Ca^2 release from the rock to the aqueous phase was initially much faster than the release of K^ , Na^2 and Mg^2 . But after about 5 - 24 hours, the Ca^2 concentrations in water decreased very slowly with time and became relatively stable. During the experiment, the water varied from the Ca-( K)-HCO3-type water to the K-Ca-HCO3-type water, and then to the K-(Ca, Na)-HCO3-type water. The water-gneiss interaction was dominated by the dissolution of Kfeldspar in the solution. The remaining secondary minerals were mainly kaolinite, illite and K (Mg) -mica. 相似文献
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Strontium in celestine was activated in Twain-40 with the wetting and emulsifying methods. And strontium extract ratio increased providing that the negative effects of oxygen containing functional groups were eliminated on celestine surface. In the paper, the factors affecting the extraction of strontium in celestine were investigated with orthogonal experiments. The optimal conditions were described as follows: mass ratio of celestine to extracting aid=2.6:1, the solid-liquid ratio of extracting aid solvent composed was m(SDS): m(Twain 40): m(HCl)=6:1:2, when celestine was ground as small as less than 0.075mm in size, and extracted for 6 hours at 333K. The strontium extract ratio increased by 61.33% and reached 97.21%, while the ratio from the comparative experiment (without extracting aid agent) was only 35.88%. Extraction kinetics of strontium in celestine showed that the diffusion process was a controlling step, and the apparent active energy was about 14.1 kJ/mol. The research results were helpful to fully utilize strontium of celestine. 相似文献
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Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater depression cones in Yinchuan City, Northwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SUN Yaqiao QIAN Hui WU Xuehua 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):350-355
Groundwater in Yinchuan City has been heavily over-exploited, thus leading to the formation of depression cones in confined and phreatic groundwater environments. The depression cones have an important influence on the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical fields of groundwaters. The evolution of depression cones was analyzed on the basis of the monitoring data on groundwater level accumulated in the past 14 years. The ratio of rCl-/rCa2 showed that phreatic water circulation was intensified, and confined groundwater was affected by external factors. Mass balance of Cl- showed confined water mixed with about 11% phreatic water. It is shown that the alternative function of confined water was affected by external factors. At last, the evolution of groundwater hydrochemical field on the basis of groundwater chemical composition showed that phreatic water quality has been improved whereas confined water quality has been deteriorated. Saturation indices of minerals with respect to phreatic and confined waters were calculated by using PHREEQC. 相似文献
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A. Pourjavadi A. Abedin-Moghanaki S. H. Hosseini 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(10):2437-2448
Poly(amidoamine)-graft-poly(methyl acrylate) magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized via radical polymerization of methyl acrylate onto modified magnetic nanoparticles followed by the functionalization of the methyl ester groups with poly(amidoamine) dendrimer. The resulting poly(amidoamine)-graft-poly(methyl acrylate) magnetic nanocomposite was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. Its application as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions was studied. The removal capability of the adsorbent was investigated in different pH values, contact time (kinetics) and initial concentration of lead. Moreover, adsorption isotherms were investigated to describe the mechanistic feature of this nanocomposite for adsorption. Accordingly, its high adsorption capacity (310 mg/g) and efficient adsorption toward lead ions in aqueous solution were shown. To further study of the chemistry behind the adsorption process, a comprehensive density functional theory-based study was performed, and a relatively strong interaction between metal ions and adsorbent was observed based on the calculated adsorption free energies. 相似文献
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M. Krzesi&#x;ska U. Szeluga S. Czajkowska J. Muszy&#x;ski J. Zachariasz S. Pusz B. Kwieci&#x;ska A. Koszorek B. Pilawa 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):350-355
The objective of this work was to investigate the thermal decomposition of various bituminous coal blends. Three Polish coals of varying rank (82.7, 86.2 and 88.7 wt.% carbon content) and caking ability (weak, moderate and strong) were collected from the Krupiński, Szczygłowice and Zofiówka mines, respectively. These coals were used to prepare binary and ternary blends. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used. The weight loss and heat flow during pyrolysis, and storage/loss elastic modulus measured as a function of increasing temperature were related to the caking ability of coals. Parameters determined with the TGA and the DSC methods in the binary and ternary blends were correlated with the proportion of strongly-caking-coal concentration in the blend. The weight loss of coal blends was found to be additive parameter. The DSC thermograms of binary blends were found to be different from those of the ternary blends, which suggests a different course for this blend pyrolysis. 相似文献
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Application of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examination of carbonized coal blends
B. Pilawa S. Pusz M. Krzesi&#x;ska A. Koszorek B. Kwieci&#x;ska 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):372-376
Paramagnetic centers in two- and three-component coal blends carbonized at 1000 °C were studied by X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The blends were prepared from three different Polish coals with carbon contents [wt.%]: 88.66, 86.21, and 82.67, respectively. The aim of this work was to compare EPR parameters and concentrations of paramagnetic centers in the initial and carbonized coal samples. Furthermore the spin–spin and spin–lattice interactions were characterized.EPR spectra were measured with magnetic modulation 100 kHz and microwave power 0.7 mW. Amplitudes and linewidths of EPR spectra were obtained. g-Factors were calculated from resonance condition. Concentrations of paramagnetic centers in the samples were determined. Influence of microwave power in the range 0.7–70 mW on EPR spectra was analyzed.All the studied samples revealed paramagnetism. Unpaired electrons are localized in the same atoms, because similar g-values in the range 2.0035–2.0038 were obtained for all the original samples. The EPR parameters of coal blends were additive in comparison with the parent coals. EPR spectra strongly changed after carbonization of the coal samples. Narrower EPR lines were measured for the original coal samples than for carbonized ones. We detected lower concentrations of paramagnetic centers in carbonized three-component coal blends than in two-component carbonized blends. EPR lines of the studied carbonized blends were not saturated at the microwave power used, which suggests fast spin–lattice relaxation processes in the samples. EPR examination proved chemical interactions between coal constituents during carbonization of coal blends. 相似文献
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评估了水泥稳定再生沥青路面（RAP）/边缘红土混合物作为碎石桩骨料替代传统采石场骨料的潜力,研究了混合材料在不同RAP置换率和有效约束压力下的不排水剪切强度变化。RAP置换率分别为10%、30%和50%（按干重计）,普通硅酸盐水泥含量分别为1%和3%。很明显,RAP的置换增加了大颗粒,同时减少了细小颗粒,因此增加了压实度。在低于先期固结压力的有效应力下,RAP−土颗粒混合物表现出与孔隙压力降低相关的应变硬化性能。当RAP置换率增加时,水泥稳定的RAP−土颗粒混合物应力−应变曲线的应变软化性能减弱。胶结作用提高了黏聚力,而内摩擦角未产生明显的变化。水泥稳定的RAP−土颗粒混合物的强度和刚度主要取决于胶结强度和RAP置换率。抗剪强度随着非稳定和水泥稳定的RAP−土颗粒混合物的RAP置换率增加而提高,而水泥稳定的RAP−土颗粒混合物的刚度由于沥青黏结剂的高能量吸收而下降。 相似文献
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采用丁二酸酐和乙酸乙烯酯进行共聚,制备了含有酸酐活性基团的高分子聚合物P(SA-VA);然后用该活性聚合物对电气石进行表面改性,制备了含电气石的功能聚合物。通过IR、XRD、SEM等对改性产物结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明,P(SA-VA)的酸酐基团与电气石表面的羟基发生了反应,电气石粉体被成功地引入到共聚物中,得到了含电气石的功能聚合物。该功能聚合物具有优良的分散性和储存稳定性,且该含电气石的功能聚合物成膜后具有良好的力学性能和优异的负离子释放量、远红外辐射等性能。 相似文献
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P. Mohamed Shameer K. Ramesh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(12):2759-2768
The correlation between oxides of nitrogen emission and in-cylinder temperature of diesel engine fueled with various alternative fuels has been investigated in this research paper. Experimentations were performed in engine without any modifications using pure high-speed diesel fuel, used cooking oil biodiesel (UCO20), animal fat residue biodiesel (AFR20) and camphor oil (CMR20) at 20% volume concentration of biodiesel each. From combustion analysis, the heat release rate and peak cylinder pressure of biodiesel blends were about 13.487% lower and 4.819% higher than those of diesel fuel on an average, respectively. Longer combustion duration has been observed for all biodiesel blends at all load conditions. Oxides of nitrogen emission level show 16.405, 10.352 and 7.524% increment for UCO20, AFR20 and CMR20, respectively. Noteworthy NO x reduction of about 43.8% was recorded for diesel blended with camphor oil when compared to other biodiesel blends. The relationship between in-cylinder temperature and NO x emission concentration was premeditated through thermal imager. The result depicted that the increase in NO x concentration depends on augmented in-cylinder temperature for all test fuels. 相似文献