共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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低空旋翼无人机载LiDAR系统通过无人机平台集成三维激光扫描仪、定位定姿系统(Positioning and Orientation System,POS)为快速获取海岛、海岸带等测区地理信息提供了一种新的解决方案。首先比较了旋翼无人机LiDAR系统与传统机载LiDAR系统的不同之处,然后在海岛测绘实例中分别使用中海达ARS-100机载LiDAR系统和华测AS-300H机载LiDAR系统进行了同一海岛地形测绘,期间使用GNSS RTK技术采集地面特征点三维坐标作为校核点,检验了两种国产旋翼无人机载LiDAR测量系统在海岛测绘中的定位精度,实验结果表明两种国产设备绝对精度均达到±10 cm以内,验证了旋翼无人机载LiDAR技术在海岛礁测绘中的可行性。 相似文献
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潮间带水沙多层位同步测量系统应用的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用水压、光电转换原理研制成的多层位水沙同步测量系统(WCT系统)不仅可测量潮间带水位随时间的变化系列、同一层位的浊度及流速，还可以同步观测这些参数在潮间带水流剖面不同层位上的变化。野外对比试验表明，WCT系统获得的流速值与直读式流速仪的测量结果基本一致，平均相对误差为14．52％；悬沙传感器经野外现场率定获得悬沙浓度，平均相对误差为21．96％，精度比室内率定提高—倍以上。悬沙粒径是影响悬沙浓度测量精度的主要因素。此外，自然环境(如海水温盐度)的变化及仪器本身的特性也可能影响到测量结果。因此，WCT系统在潮间带的水位、流速和悬沙浓度的观测和边界层研究方面有相当潜力。 相似文献
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针对单波束测深数据插值模型精度验证困难等问题,利用潮间带潮汐规律,提出了一种基于高精度无人机数据验证插值模型精度的方法。在低潮时利用无人机摄影测量构建高精度潮间带数字表面模型,高潮时获取单波束测深数据并结合全球导航卫星系统技术计算得出潮间带地形点的三维坐标,使用克里金插值法、反距离权重法、规则样条函数法以及自然邻域法分别构建潮间带数字高程模型。以无人机数字表面模型数据为基准,分别对4种插值方法构建的潮间带数字高程模型进行精度分析。结果表明：1)后处理差分技术辅助无人机摄影测量可以构建高精度潮间带数字表面模型。2)在潮间带区域可以使用无人机数据作为单波束测深数据精度的评价标准。3)潮间带地形较为平坦时,规则样条函数法相比于其他3种插值方法精度更高,粗差率为12.5%。 相似文献
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针对现有拖曳式海洋磁力测量通常只能获取地磁总场信息,不能获得地磁矢量信息的问题,提出了一种拖曳式海洋地磁三分量测量系统设计方案。测量系统通过INS/GNSS组合导航进行定位定姿,搭载的三分量磁力仪与惯导通过高精度定位板刚性固定,经过数学平台的坐标变换,进而将拖体任意姿态下的海洋地磁场三分量数据归算到地理坐标系下。此外,对拖体进行了水动力分析,提高姿态稳定性的同时减小了阻力。经过海上试验和数据处理,系统获得的三分量数据在平差前的重复线内符合精度分别为东向6.8 nT、北向4.1 nT、地向8.0 nT,交叉点内符合精度分别为东向19.1 nT、北向19.5 nT、地向15.4 nT。结果表明该系统可为海洋矢量磁力测量提供良好的测量平台,为后续的海洋磁力测量提供实践经验和工程参考。 相似文献
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多波束测深技术是目前水下地形测量的主要技术手段,测量平台的瞬时姿态及方位是影响多波束测深系统最终成果准确度的重要因素。GNSS方位辅助惯性导航系统,作为目前应用较为广泛的方位、姿态、及位置综合测量系统,不仅能够提供高精度位置信息,同时也能提供测量平台的瞬时姿态及方位数据,而且因为具有GNSS方位辅助测量,使得最终方位测量结果比传统方位测量精度大大提高,这对于多波束最终测量成果精度提高具有重要意义。文中从GNSS方位辅助惯性导航系统原理及技术优势出发,结合Trimble RTX后处理技术,从姿态测量、方位测量及辅助高程测量方面分析了在多波束水下地形测量中的应用,并以实际测量成果来展现其在水下地形精密测量技术方面的优势,结果显示,定位精度可以达到优于2 cm级别,方位精度可以优于0.01°(依赖于双GNSS天线之间的基线长度),该技术对水下地形测量准确度提升作用显著。 相似文献
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Capabilities of the bathymetric Hawk Eye LiDAR for coastal habitat mapping: A case study within a Basque estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guillem Chust Maitane Grande Ibon Galparsoro Adolfo Uriarte Ángel Borja 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The bathymetric LiDAR system is an airborne laser that detects sea bottom at high vertical and horizontal resolutions in shallow coastal waters. This study assesses the capabilities of the airborne bathymetric LiDAR sensor (Hawk Eye system) for coastal habitat mapping in the Oka estuary (within the Biosphere Reserve of Urdaibai, SE Bay of Biscay, northern Spain), where water conditions are moderately turbid. Three specific objectives were addressed: 1) to assess the data quality of the Hawk Eye LiDAR, both for terrestrial and subtidal zones, in terms of height measurement density, coverage, and vertical accuracy; 2) to compare bathymetric LiDAR with a ship-borne multibeam echosounder (MBES) for different bottom types and depth ranges; and 3) to test the discrimination potential of LiDAR height and reflectance information, together with multi-spectral imagery (three visible and near infrared bands), for the classification of 22 salt marsh and rocky shore habitats, covering supralittoral, intertidal and subtidal zones. The bathymetric LiDAR Hawk Eye data enabled the generation of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the Oka estuary, at 2 m of horizontal spatial resolution in the terrestrial zone (with a vertical accuracy of 0.15 m) and at 4 m within the subtidal, extending a water depth of 21 m. Data gaps occurred in 14.4% of the area surveyed with the LiDAR (13.69 km2). Comparison of the LiDAR system and the MBES showed no significant mean difference in depth. However, the Root Mean Square error of the former was high (0.84 m), especially concentrated upon rocky (0.55–1.77 m) rather than in sediment bottoms (0.38–0.62 m). The potential of LiDAR topographic variables and reflectance alone for discriminating 15 intertidal and submerged habitats was low (with overall classification accuracy between 52.4 and 65.4%). In particular, reflectance retrieved for this case study has been found to be not particularly useful for classification purposes. The combination of the LiDAR-based DEM and derived topographical features with the near infrared and visible bands has permitted the mapping of 22 supralittoral, intertidal and subtidal habitats of the Oka estuary, with high overall classification accuracies of between 84.5% and 92.1%, using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The airborne bathymetric Hawk Eye LiDAR, although somewhat limited by water turbidity and wave breaking, provides unique height information obscured from topographic LiDAR and acoustic systems, together with an improvement of the habitat mapping reliability in the complex and dynamic coastal fringe. 相似文献
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渤海湾西岸潮间带现代沉积速率研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
利用渤海湾西岸潮间带柱状沉积物的210Pbex和137Cs活度测定结果,计算了潮间带现代沉积物的平均沉积速率,结果表明,渤海湾西岸潮间带砂质区(道沟子至独流减河)1955～1963年的沉积速率为3.43～4.06cm/a,1963年以来的平均沉积速率为0.65～1.59cm/a;泥质区(歧口附近)的平均沉积速率约为1.81cm/a.上述结果说明潮间带砂质区在20世纪50～60年代发生快速沉积作用,60年代之后沉积作用变缓.这可能是由于华北地区在该时段具有丰沛的降水和入海水沙,为潮间带沉积物提供了丰富的物源.60年代以后沉积作用变缓可能是自然和人类活动引起的入海水量减少和由此导致的物源减少的结果. 相似文献
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Modern sedimentation rates in the intertidal zone on the west coast of the Bohai Gulf 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
On the basis of the measurement of ^210Pbcx and ^137Cs activities in the sediment cores taken from the intertidal zone on the west coast of the Bohai Gulf, the average sedimentation rates of modern sediments are calculated. The results indicate that in the sandy area of the intertidal zone (from Daogouzi to the Duliujian River), the sedimentation rate from 1955 to 1963 is 3.43～4.06 cm/a, and is within the range of 0.65～1.59 cm/a since 1963. The average sedimentation rate in the muddy area (around Qikou) is approximately 1.81 cm/a.The results above suggest that the sandy area of the intertidal zone has experienced rapid sedimentation from the 1950s to the 1960s,and the sedimentation slows down after the 1960s, and the sedimentation rates increase from north to south spatially. The rapid sedimentation from the 1950s to the 1960s in the sandy area is due to the fact that North China has plentiful precipitation during this period and the intertidal zone is supplied with abundant matter sources for sedimentation. After the 1960s, the weakened sedimentation may be a result of the reduction of sand transported to the intertidal zone, which is a consequence of diminished rainfall in North China and intensive human activities in the Haihe basin. 相似文献
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The exposed area of intertidal zone varies with tidal water level changes. If intercomparisons of
satellite images are adopted as a method to determine geomorphological changes of the intertidal
zone in response to accretion or erosion processes, then the e?ect of water level variations must be
evaluated. In this study, two Landsat TM images overpassing the central Jiangsu coastal waters on
2 January and 7 March 2002, respectively, were treated by the changing detection analysis using
Image Di?erencing and Post-classiˉcation Comparison. The simultaneous tide level data from four
tide gauge stations along the coast were used for displaying the spatial variations of water levels
and determining the elevations of waterlines. The results show that the spatial variations of water
levels are highly signiˉcant in the central Jiangsu coastal waters. The huge di?erences of tidal land
exposure patterns between the two imaging times are related mainly to the spatial variations of
tidal water levels, which are controlled by the di?erences in tidal phases for di?erent imaging times
and the spatial variations of water level over the study area at each imaging time. Under complex
tidal conditions, e.g., those of the central Jiangsu coastal waters, the tide-surge model should be
used to eliminate e?ectively the e?ects of water level variations on remote sensing interpretation of
geomorphological changes in the intertidal zone. 相似文献
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To examine the growth dynamics of eelgrass, Zostera marina, in the intertidal zone of Seomjin Estuary, Korea, we surveyed environmental factors such as water temperature, underwater irradiance, tidal exposure, and nutrient concentrations in the water column and sediment pore water in relation to the shoot density, biomass, morphological characteristics, and growth of Z. marina inhabiting the upper and lower intertidal zones. The survey was conducted monthly from January 2003 to December 2004. The water temperature of the two areas displayed seasonal fluctuations. Underwater irradiance was significantly higher in the upper intertidal zone than in the lower intertidal zone. Tidal exposure was also markedly longer in the upper intertidal zone than in the lower intertidal zone, whereas tidal exposure was highest in the spring and lowest in the summer in both areas. Water column NH4 + and sediment pore water NO3 ?+NO2 ? concentrations were significantly higher in the upper intertidal zone than the lower intertidal zone. The eelgrass shoot density, biomass, morphology, and leaf productivity were significantly higher in the lower intertidal zone than in the upper intertidal zone. Both areas displayed a clear seasonal variation depending on changes in water temperature. However, leaf turnover time was significantly shorter in the upper intertidal zone than in the lower intertidal zone, with a higher turnover rate in the upper intertidal zone. Compared to the seagrasses in the lower intertidal zone, those in the upper intertidal zone showed more effective adaptations to the stress of long tidal exposure through downsizing and increased turnover time. These results suggest that tidal exposure, coupled with desiccation stress, can be a limiting factor for seagrass growth in the intertidal zone, along with underwater irradiance, water temperature, and nutrient availability. 相似文献
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青岛灵山湾潮间带沉积物粒度参数高光谱定量反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潮间带表层沉积物粒度参数不仅是研究现代海岸动态和变迁的参照,也是评价人类活动可持续发展的依据。本文以灵山湾潮间带野外实地采集潮滩表层沉积物及其表面实时光谱信息为研究对象,分析高光谱用于粒度参数识别的能力。针对高光谱信息提取的困难,对光谱数据进行数学变换,利用多层感知器神经网络建立沉积物粒度参数与光谱反射率之间的关系模型,探索了利用表层沉积物反射光谱特性进行沉积物特征定量反演的可行性。结果表明:基于高光谱对沉积物粒度参数的定量预测是可行的,建立的预测模型可以较准确地反映潮间带沉积物粒度特征,其快速、准确的优点为测定潮间带表层沉积物粒度参数提供了一种新方法。该模型的建立为进一步提高潮间带变化监测和预测的研究提供了参考借鉴。 相似文献