共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
地理环境因子对螺情影响的探测分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年来,由于自然环境、经济社会等因素影响,中国血吸虫病疫情呈回升态势,表现为急性感染人数和血吸虫病患病人数增多,局部地区钉螺扩散明显,感染性钉螺分布范围逐渐扩大等。钉螺是血吸虫的唯一中间宿主,控制钉螺对血吸虫病防治具有重要意义。本文根据钉螺的生态学特征,综合高程、水文、土地利用、土壤、植被等因子,基于地理探测器模型分析了地理环境因子对2009年湖北省钉螺分布的影响。结果表明：① 在垸内型流行区,整个流行季（3-10月）、特别是7-9月期间的植被覆盖与钉螺分布范围有关,密螺地带的特征为土壤质地粉砂含量适中、黄红壤和淹育水稻土,第一季度有较高的植被覆盖度;② 在垸外型流行区,湖泊滩地、高覆盖度草地是其主要分布环境,而第一季度较高的植被覆盖,尤其是荻、芦苇等植被类型是高密度地区的环境特征;③ 在山地丘陵,河流附近的林地和耕地,潴育或淹育水稻土是钉螺密集分布的环境。筛选出的地理环境指示因子可用于遥感技术监测钉螺孳生地,从而为采取有效的控螺措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Graham J. Pierce Jianjun Wang Xiaohong Zheng Jose M. Bellido Peter R. Boyle Vencent Denis 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):763-784
Cephalopod stocks are of increasing economic importance. Cephalopod fisheries show marked inter-annual fluctuations unrelated to fishery landings and effort. Their population dynamics, particularly recruitment, are thought to be strongly susceptible to changes in environmental conditions. This arises in part from the short life cycle, resulting in poor buffering of the population against changing conditions. These characteristics make traditional approaches to stock assessment and fishery management inappropriate. GIS offers a tool to improve understanding of spatio-temporal trends in abundance and facilitate rational management. A cephalopod fishery geographical information system for Northeast Atlantic waters (CFGIS-NEA) was developed. The system covers the area from 28.0° W to 11.0° E, and 34.5° N to 65.5° N. It was designed for investigating cephalopod resource dynamics in relation to environmental variation. It is based on Unix Arc/Info, and PC ArcView, combined with the statistical software package S-PLUS and supported by a database in Microsoft Access. Environmental data (e.g. sea surface temperature and salinity, sea bottom temperature and salinity, and bathymetric data), cephalopod fishery, survey and biological data, from a variety of sources, were integrated in the GIS as coverages, grids, shapefiles, and tables. Special functions were developed for data integration, data conversion, query, visualisation, analysis and management. User-friendly interfaces were developed allowing relatively inexperienced users to operate the system. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of cephalopod abundance by species, the spatial and temporal relationships between cephalopod abundance and environmental factors, and the spatial and temporal patterns of cephalopod fishing activity were analysed using a combination of visual (qualitative) and quantitative methods. Predictive empirical models, such as GAMs (generalized additive models), were developed for modelling cephalopod abundance using environmental variables. 相似文献
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淮河中上游浮游植物时空分布特征及关键环境影响因子识别 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
浮游植物是水生态系统的初级生产者,直接影响着水生态系统的结构、功能与稳定性。基于2012-2014年淮河流域沙颍河—淮干中游浮游植物和水质4次汛期和非汛期采集数据,利用物种优势度和多样性指数对浮游植物的时空分布进行表征,并利用冗余度分析、偏相关性分析等方法探索了淮河中上游流域的多种水环境因子对浮游植物时空分布的影响。结果表明,从时间变化上看,2012-2014年浮游植物密度呈现逐年递减趋势;从空间变化上看,物种丰度呈现从上游至下游逐渐减少趋势。从时空变化的影响因素上看,非汛期总磷和电导率影响最大,其解释度分别为：10.96%和8.36%;汛期总磷、总氮和氨氮影响最大,其解释度分别为9.47%、8.08%和6.96%。 相似文献
5.
Sensing spatial distribution of urban land use by integrating points-of-interest and Google Word2Vec model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yao Yao Penghua Liu Zhaotang Liang Jinbao Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(4):825-848
Urban land use information plays an essential role in a wide variety of urban planning and environmental monitoring processes. During the past few decades, with the rapid technological development of remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS) and geospatial big data, numerous methods have been developed to identify urban land use at a fine scale. Points-of-interest (POIs) have been widely used to extract information pertaining to urban land use types and functional zones. However, it is difficult to quantify the relationship between spatial distributions of POIs and regional land use types due to a lack of reliable models. Previous methods may ignore abundant spatial features that can be extracted from POIs. In this study, we establish an innovative framework that detects urban land use distributions at the scale of traffic analysis zones (TAZs) by integrating Baidu POIs and a Word2Vec model. This framework was implemented using a Google open-source model of a deep-learning language in 2013. First, data for the Pearl River Delta (PRD) are transformed into a TAZ-POI corpus using a greedy algorithm by considering the spatial distributions of TAZs and inner POIs. Then, high-dimensional characteristic vectors of POIs and TAZs are extracted using the Word2Vec model. Finally, to validate the reliability of the POI/TAZ vectors, we implement a K-Means-based clustering model to analyze correlations between the POI/TAZ vectors and deploy TAZ vectors to identify urban land use types using a random forest algorithm (RFA) model. Compared with some state-of-the-art probabilistic topic models (PTMs), the proposed method can efficiently obtain the highest accuracy (OA = 0.8728, kappa = 0.8399). Moreover, the results can be used to help urban planners to monitor dynamic urban land use and evaluate the impact of urban planning schemes. 相似文献
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F. J. Pantus N. Ellis H. P. Possingham W. Venables 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):575-599
We often need to report on environmental, economic and social indicators, and properties at aggregated spatial scales, e.g. average income per suburb. To do this, we invariably create reporting polygons that are somewhat arbitrary. The question arises: how much does this arbitrary subdivision of space affect the outcome? In this paper, we develop a new, gradient‐based framework for carrying out a rigorous analysis of the sensitivity of integrating functions to quantitative changes in their spatial configuration. This approach is applied to both analytical and empirical models, and it allows the reporting of a hierarchy of sensitivity measures (from global to local). We found that the concepts of a vector space representing the spatial configurations and the response (hyper‐)surface on which gradients indicate the sensitivities to be helpful in developing the sensitivity analytical framework of spatial configurations in different dimensions. This approach works well with both analytical and empirical integrating functions. This approach resulted in a clear ranking of the sensitivities of the responses to changes in the reporting regions in an existing environmental reporting application. The approach also allowed us to find which vertices, and the directions of change of those vertices, influenced the outcome most. The application of the spatial framework allows the results to be reported in a hierarchical way, from the sensitivities of an integrative response to changes in a whole reserve/reporting system, down to the sensitivity along each of the dimensions of the vertices in the spatial configuration. The results of the spatial sensitivity framework that we developed in this paper can be readily visualized by plotting the sensitivities as vectors on geographic maps. This simplifies the presentation and facilitates the uptake of the results in the situations where the spatial configurations are complicated. 相似文献
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Wilson M. Khaemba Alfred Stein 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):833-853
This paper applies generalised linear statistical techniques in a GIS to analyse wildlife data from a Kenyan wildlife reserve and its surrounding areas. Attention focuses on the spatial distribution of elephant during nine successive surveys, analysing their temporal and spatial relationship to 12 environmental covariates. A principal component analysis identifies five major determining factors, thereby reducing dimensionality in the data, while a simple spatial analysis procedure, suitable for wildlife data obtained from airborne surveys, quantfies clustering for different animal species. The number of explanatory variables appearing in abundance models is found to be subject to large variations during successive surveys with a minimum and maximum of four and eight variables, respectively. Species from highly clustered populations are found to have over 20 times more observations within short distances compared to the rest. The study concludes that a combination of generalised linear modelling and GIS gives deeper insight into the dynamics of wildlife species in and around well-defined nature reserves. 相似文献
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如何充分利用离散的观测数据,通过对维管植物物种分布丰富度及其与生境因子之间的相互作用和影响机理的定量分析,实现维管植物物种丰富度的空间分布及其情景模拟,是目前生物多样性研究前沿和核心内容之一。针对这一问题,在实现青藏高原37个国家自然保护区的维管植物物种数量收集和边界数据矢量化的基础上,分别进行维管植物物种数量与土地覆盖类型、环境因子和景观生态指数等三大类生境因子之间的相关关系的定量计算和对比分析,筛选和确定最佳相关分析方程,进而构建青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的空间模拟分析模型。该模型中,维管植物物种丰富度与生境因子之间的复相关系数为0.94,模型验证结果表明,青藏高原的维管植物物种的平均丰富度为496.79种/100 km2,其空间分布格局整体上呈东南向西北逐渐减少趋势;另外,除柴达木盆地荒漠区域以外,维管植物物种的空间分布随海拔的升高而减少。基于CMIP5 RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5三种气候情景模拟获得的青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度未来情景结果显示,在T0-T4（2010-2100）时段内,青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度整体将呈减少趋势。RCP 8.5情景下青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的变化幅度最大,而RCP 2.6情景下的维管植物物种丰富度的变化幅度最小。研究表明,本文构建的模型能够对青藏高原维管植物物种丰富度的空间分布格局及其未来情景进行模拟分析,模拟结果可为青藏高原生物多样性及其对气候变化响应的综合评估和情景模拟提供方法和技术支持。 相似文献
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To block human–mosquito interactions by eliminating dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus Skuse have been considered the main strategies for dengue prevention. Spatial targeting of dengue risk areas is the highest priority for implementing control measures. However, the frequency of human-Aedes mosquito contacts as human factors for assessing the risk of dengue has not been taken into account by past studies. The objective of this study is to clarify the geographic effects of crowd-gathering places on the frequency of dengue vector for assessing the spatial risk of exposure to dengue in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to integrate crowd-gathering places and ovitrap locations for investigating potential human–mosquito contacts. A negative binominal regression was used to estimate the spatial risk of dengue by integrating vector mosquitoes from the ovitrap survey, urban environmental risk factors and human crowd-gathering places as the surrogate of human activities. We also compared the estimated spatial risk of exposure to dengue with traditional approaches. Our results indicated that the spatial distribution of the residential populations is not consistent with the locations of social activities. Additionally, people closer to crowd-gathering places have a higher frequency of contact with Ae. aegypti than with Ae. albopictus larvae. The dengue risk is caused by the human-Aedes aegypti contacts concentrated around city centers, while the risk caused by the human-Aedes albopictus contacts is distributed around the city boundary. Our study concluded that only relying on infected human cases or the abundance of vector mosquitoes is not enough for assessing the spatial risk of dengue. This reliance could ignore the areas with frequent vector existence and; therefore, result in the underestimated risk of dengue transmission. This study demonstrates the methodological framework for estimating the potential dengue risk and identifies the crowd-gathering places that facilitate dengue transmission. 相似文献
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中国工业资源环境效率空间演化特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用混合方向性距离函数构建工业资源和环境效率评价模型,并基于空间效应构建工业资源和环境效率影响因素分析模型,分析了2006年和2015年中国工业资源和环境效率的空间演化特征,剖析了工业资源和环境效率的影响因素及其作用机制。研究表明：① 中国工业资源效率总体较低且多年来有所下降,空间分异由“均衡分布”向“西高东低”转化,资源效率在空间上具有正相关性,且空间相关性有所提升。② 中国工业环境效率总体偏低且多年来略有下降,空间分异总体呈“H”型格局,环境效率具有显著的空间正相关性。③ 工业化水平和环境规制与资源效率呈显著负相关;对外开放与资源效率呈显著正相关,但作用逐渐变得不显著;劳动生产水平与资源效率显著正相关。④ 对外开放与环境效率显著正相关,但作用逐渐变得不显著;环境规制与环境效率提升呈显著负相关,但这种负向作用逐渐不显著;劳动生产水平与环境效率显著正相关;工业企业尤其是大中型企业数量的增多与环境效率显著负相关。 相似文献
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坡向和微地形对大型土壤动物空间分布格局的影响 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
尽管在景观和区域尺度上对土壤动物空间分布格局的研究已较多,但在小尺度上对局部微生境条件如何影响土壤动物多样性及其空间分布格局的研究还很少。以典型温带次生林为研究对象,采用样方法系统调查了林地阴坡和阳坡4个不同地形部位大型土壤动物群落的密度,并测定了不同地形部位的生境条件。采用三因子方差分析和对应分析等方法定量研究了坡向和地形部位对大型土壤动物群落密度的空间分布格局的影响。主要表现在：①在采集到的160个土壤样品中共检测到动物个体4 148个,分别隶属于26个不同的土壤动物类群;②坡向和地形部位对土壤动物的空间分布格局有显著的影响,但不同土壤动物类群对坡向和地形部位的响应模式存在一定的差异,这种差异的形成可能与不同土壤动物类群的生活习性和生物学特征密切相关。其结论是：在小尺度上,林地的坡向和微地形条件主要通过影响局部小生境的生物和非生物因子组合特征而对土壤动物的空间分布格局产生重要影响。 相似文献
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Traditional villages are important part of Beijing, an internationally famous historic and cultural city. Exploring the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages, and the factors that have shaped them, will help promote the protection and utilization of traditional villages in Beijing. ArcGIS spatial analysis, literature analysis, fieldwork and in-depth interviews were mainly carried out to analyze the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages in Beijing and their influencing factors. The results show three main features. (1) The overall distribution of traditional villages in Beijing is random, although there are more traditional villages in the southwest and northeast and less in the southeast and northwest. Most of them are distributed along the higher piedmont plains or intermountain basins, and most of them are backed by hills and surrounded by rivers or along the ancient road. (2) There are some cultural commonalities among the traditional villages in Beijing, and nine typical traditional village cultures have been formed, including traditional residential culture, traditional folklore culture, the Great Wall garrison culture, mausoleum guarding culture, etc. (3) The formation of the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages in Beijing is influenced by natural environmental factors like terrain, climate, and rivers, as well as human activities such as royal life, capital construction, ancient military defense, transportation, trade, etc. This study can provide a reference for the scientific protection and effective utilization of traditional villages in Beijing and all over the country. 相似文献
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林分空间结构及其水源涵养功能关系一直是森林生态水文学研究的热点.我们在祁连山大野口流域选取林分空间结构、林冠截留和河川径流等监测样地,采用特征参数统计分析、多度分析和相关系数分析等方法,研究了林分空间结构因子及其水源涵养功能之间的关系.结果表明:(1)祁连山大野口流域49块样地的2 819株青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)的胸径、树高、冠长、冠幅、冠幅面积的分布曲线比正态分布平缓,树龄、胸径断面的分布曲线比正态分布剧烈;径级从1～5 cm到26～30 cm、高度级从2～4 m到18～20 m、冠长级从2～4 m到12～14 m、冠幅级从2～4 m到4～6 m,其多度分别为89.4%、94.4%、77.8%和82.7%.(2)林冠截留年总量和平均截留率分别为139.1 mm和35.28％;(3)从相关系数分析来看,海拔对树高影响较大,对冠长影响较小,与其他因子不相关;坡向对冠幅影响最大,对冠长、树高影响较小;坡度对这些因子几乎没有影响.径级与多度、冠长与多度均符合三次多项式关系;胸径与树高、冠长、冠幅、树龄符合线性多元回归函数;雨量级与林冠截留率呈反比.本文可为流域林分空间结构特征与水源涵养功能之间的机理研究提供基础数据和参考资料. 相似文献
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The spatial distribution of soil types is controlled by a set of environmental factors such as climate, organisms, parent material and topography as well as time and space. A change of these factors will lead to a change in the spatial distribution of soil types. In this study, we use a digital soil mapping approach to improve our knowledge about major soil type distributing factors in the steppe regions of Inner Mongolia (China) which currently undergo tremendous environmental change, e.g. climate and land use change. We use Random Forests in an effort to map Reference Soil Groups according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) in the Xilin River catchment. We benefit from the superior prediction capabilities of RF and additional interpretive results in order to identify the major environmental factors that control spatial patterns of soil types. The nine WRB soil groups that were identified and spatially predicted for the study area are Arenosol, Calcisol, Cambisol, Chernozem, Cryosol, Gleysol, Kastanozem, Phaeozem and Regosol.Model and prediction performances of the RF model are high with an Out-of-Bag error of 51.6% for the model and a misclassification error for the predicted map of 28.9%. The main controlling factors of soil type distribution are land use, a set of topographic variables, geology and climate. However, land use and climate are of major importance and topography and geology are of minor importance. The visualizations of the predictions, the variable importance measures as result of RF and the comparisons of these with the spatial distribution of the environmental factors delivered additional, quantitative information of these controlling factors and revealed that intensively grazed areas are subjected to soil degradation. However, most of the area is still governed by natural soil forming processes which are driven by climate, topography and geology. Most importantly though, our study revealed that a shift towards warmer temperatures and lower precipitation regimes will lead to a change of the spatial distribution of RSGs towards steppe soils that store less carbon, i.e. a decrease of spatial extent of Phaeozems and an increase of spatial extent of Chernozems and Kastanozems. 相似文献
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环境管制对珠江三角洲污染产业空间分布的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以珠江三角洲为研究对象,在分析2000~2010年其污染产业空间分布特征的基础上,采用面板数据的计量模型进行实证研究。首先通过模型分析发现各环境管制因子中工业SO2排放量的管制程度显著影响污染产业的空间分布;然后再将此环境管制因子运用到分行业模型中,发现非金属制品业、水电煤气生产业、造纸及纸制品业等产业分布与宽松的环境管制相关,化学工业和黑色金属行业则与环境管制无关。最后,认为环境管制已成为影响中国污染产业空间分布的重要因素,在中国环境管制手段以“命令控制型”为主和地方分权的背景下,不同的环境管制手段将对该手段实施后影响程度大的污染行业的空间分布产生影响。 相似文献
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基于MODIS-NDVI、DEM和气象数据,分析柴达木盆地2000—2015年植被覆盖度(FVC)时空变化特征,并与降水、温度、日照时数、相对湿度、蒸散量和海拔进行相关、偏相关或叠加分析,探讨FVC与各环境因子的关系。结果表明:FVC整体自东南向西北内陆呈半环状递减,FVC集中在20%以下,人类活动及径流等打破植被地带性规律;2000—2015年FVC明显改善,广泛分布于盆地中西部地区,2001—2002年年际变化最显著;FVC与降水、相对湿度以正相关为主,与温度关系不显著,与日照时数和蒸散量主要为负相关,降水对FVC贡献最大,温度通过影响蒸散量等间接影响FVC,而土壤蒸发对蒸散量的影响大于植物蒸腾;FVC与等高线空间分布较吻合,FVC在2 800~2 900 m和4 600~4 700 m出现两个峰值,4 700 m以上FVC迅速降低。 相似文献
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景观格局分析空间取样方法及其应用 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
详细介绍了在关帝山森林景观生态研究中提出的景观格局分析空间取样方法,即统一网格样方取样法和统一网格样点取样法,并介绍了相应的样方数值计算方法。在此基础上,介绍了这两个取样方法在景观空间趋势面分析、景观要素空间关联度分析、景观异质性分析、景观要素空间分布模式检验、景观动态过程模型建立等方面研究中的应用。并阐述了取样方法的有效性及其可能的潜在应用价值。 相似文献
19.
广西是我国手足口病高发区。本文运用相关性分析、趋势面分析及地理探测器,基于2013—2017年广西14个地级市的手足口病和理环境要素（降水量、气温、日照时数、相对湿度和植被覆盖度）数据,对广西手足口病发病率进行时空变化和交互归因分析。结果显示：（1）2013—2017年,研究区的手足口病发病呈峰谷年交替出现,年内发病双高峰特征;盆地地区的手足口病发病率稍高于其他地区。（2）气温和日照时数与广西手足口病发病率存在着显著正相关关系。（3）2013—2017年,东西方向上中西部各地级市手足口病发病率普遍高于东南部各地级市;南北方向上各地级市手足口病发病率差异并不非常显著。（4）气温对广西手足口病发病率影响最大（q=0.49）,其次是日照时数（q=0.45）;气温和日照时数对广西手足口病发病风险有着严密共增长趋势;每两个地理环境要素之间的交互作用对手足口病发病率的影响力均比单要素作用时强,其中气温和日照时数交互作用时的影响力最大,日照时数和降水量交互作用时的影响力次之。据此得出结论：广西手足口病发病有明显的时间和空间差异;各地理环境要素与手足口病之间存在一定关系,其中气温对发病率影响最大。 相似文献
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基于2012—2017年全国《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》数据,采用空间自相关分析等方法,刻画中国居民食源性疾病的空间分布格局及其变化,并采用空间滞后面板回归模型（SLM）和时空地理加权模型（GTWR）,识别影响食源性疾病空间分布的主要因素及其变化。结果表明：（1）中国食源性疾病分布具有不均衡性,总体趋势为集中分布于南部以及沿海地区,五年间集中区已出现明显的向北移动的趋势;（2）中国食源性疾病事件数具有一定的空间集聚特征,五年间空间集聚下降。高-高类型区主要分布于西南地区,而低-低类型区集中分布于中国北部。2011—2016年,中国食源性疾病变化趋势与空间分布特征类似;（3）空间滞后面板回归模型分析结果表明,食源性疾病事件具有显著的空间溢出效应。人口密度、突发环境事故的增加将使得食源性疾病增加,而政府财政投入、居民教育水平、城镇化、环境质量的提高将使得食源性疾病减少。除居民教育水平外其余变量也均具有显著的空间溢出效应;（4）时空地理加权模型分析结果表明,食源性疾病的影响因素存在空间差异。地区人口密度对食源性疾病的相对压力由东向西加大。政府财政投入对食源性疾病的降低作用由东南部沿海地区向其余地区递减。居民教育水平提高对食源性疾病降低作用由中部向东西逐步加大。城镇化率对食源性疾病降低作用由东南部沿海地区向其余地区递减。环境质量对食源性疾病降低作用由东南部沿海地区向其余地区递增;突发环境事故对食源性疾病的相对压力由中部向东西加大;年平均气温对食源性疾病的相对压力由南向北减小;年平均降雨量对食源性疾病的相对压力由东部沿海地区向西部内陆地区减小。 相似文献