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根据2022年云南宁蒗MS 5.5地震现场调查情况,详细描述本次地震的烈度分布情况和房屋震害特征,计算各烈度区内各类房屋结构的平均震害指数和破坏比,与2012年宁蒗—盐源MS 5.7地震和历史地震震害统计规律进行对比,结果表明: ①本次地震最大烈度为Ⅶ度,长轴呈NW向,与地震构造背景、震源机制解、余震序列分布和震例统计规律等科技支撑成果吻合较好; ②本次地震中房屋震害较轻,主要得益于脱贫攻坚、农村危房改造和抗震改造等项目的实施,震区房屋结构的整体抗震性能加强。 相似文献
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建筑物震害程度的判定是进行地震灾害损失评估的基础, 震害指数是建筑物震害程度的定量表示方式, 是房屋抗震性能的直观表现。 震害指数的研究对于震害预测和地震灾害损失评估都有重要的意义。 文中收集、 分析并处理了2001—2004年中国地震灾害损失现场调查与评估的详细资料, 以调查点为单位计算了各种结构类型房屋的平均震害指数, 建立了中国西部地区不同结构类型房屋的平均震害指数向未经加固的砖混和砖木结构房屋的平均震害指数转换的数学关系, 其结果对地震灾害及其损失的快速评估与现场评估具有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
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以2020年1月19日伽师M S6.4地震现场烈度调查结果为基础,综合余震分布、发震构造及仪器烈度值等研究成果,确定了本次地震的烈度分布。此次地震极震区烈度为Ⅷ度(8度),Ⅵ度(6度)区及以上总面积为7599 km 2。分析各个烈度区内不同结构房屋的震害,结果表明,震害较重房屋主要是由于这些房屋年久失修,施工质量不高,缺乏必要的抗震措施等自身原因造成的,其中没有抗震措施的砖木结构房屋是震害主体。随着新疆地区农村房屋的抗震性能提高,在以后的地震烈度调查中,需要现场调查人员依据不同结构房屋的破坏等级及平均震害指数等参数综合判定调查点的烈度值,在没有明显震害的低烈度区,仪器烈度值将会成为烈度图绘制的重要依据。 相似文献
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2021年5月21日,云南漾濞县发生MS6.4地震,震源深度8 km.文中将无人机遥感技术引入云南漾濞县6.4级地震房屋震害评估工作中,结合无人机影像数据和现场地面调查数据,建立房屋震害遥感解译标志,提取漾濞县城部分区域的房屋震害信息,进行遥感定量评估.通过与房屋震害现场调查统计结果的对比分析,房屋震害遥感定量评估结果与现场实地调查结果吻合,表明对震后快速获取的无人机遥感影像进行解译并结合现场抽样调查,可以对灾区的地震烈度做出宏观判断,对地震现场指挥和应急救援提供有效的决策支持. 相似文献
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2020年5月18日巧家县发生5.0级地震,结合震区背景信息和现场调查,详细阐述此次地震烈度分布和房屋震害特征,并计算各类结构房屋的震害指数和破坏比。调查发现,本次地震的最高烈度为Ⅵ度,长轴呈NW向,与灾区地震地质构造背景、仪器烈度分布具有较好的一致性。对比分析本次地震与昭通地区、云南其他地区近年来大小相近的历史地震Ⅵ度区震害指数,结果表明,本次地震房屋震害指数相较于昭通其他地区明显偏低,但比云南其他地区偏高。分析认为,近年来巧家县各项房屋改造工程切实提高了当地房屋抗震水平,但仍需加强房屋改造建设,尤其是加快推进老旧房屋拆除及新房建设工作,进一步提升房屋抗震能力。 相似文献
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地震灾害现场调查是研究结构破坏机理的科学可靠的方法之一。本文通过对云南漾濞6.4级地震中木构架房屋震害现象调查与分析,结合芦山地震中穿斗木结构的震害特征对比研究,给出了木构架房屋的抗震能力介于穿斗木结构与土木结构之间的初步结论,同时指出建造时间是木构架房屋抗震能力评估时需考虑的重要影响因素。针对漾濞县苍山西镇花椒园村背阴坡小组某夯土墙-木构架房屋倒塌的原因进行了分析,得出该房屋存在结构层间刚度不均匀、榫槽处柱截面削弱以及榫卯节点整体性差等抗震薄弱环节,导致在强地面运动的作用下发生了柱榫槽处折断和部分榫头脱落的整体倒塌震害现象。本文基于对倒塌木构架房屋的震害机理研究和抗震薄弱环节识别,可为木结构房屋抗震加固和震后修复提供参考依据。 相似文献
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《Advances in water resources》2005,28(7):701-710
The patterns of temporal variations of precipitation (P), streamflow (SF) and baseflow (BF) as well as their nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations (C) and loads (L) from a long-term record (28 years) in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were analyzed using variogram and spectral analyses. The daily P is random but scaling may exist in the daily SF and BF with a possible break point in the scaling at about 18 days and 45 days, respectively. The nitrate concentrations and loads are shown to have a half-year cycle while daily P, SF, and BF have a one-year cycle. Furthermore, there may be a low-frequency cycle of 6–8 years in C. The power spectra of C and L in both SF and BF exhibit fractal 1/f scaling with two characteristic frequencies of half-year and one-year, and are fitted well with the spectrum of the gamma distribution. The nitrate input to SF and BF at the Raccoon watershed seems likely to be a white noise process superimposed on another process with a half-year and one-year cycle. 相似文献
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燕郊等测点迁移优化与地磁观测研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
为优化地磁观测条件,开展了燕郊、夏垫等测点迁移工作;按照测眯迁移原则与实施技术方案,完整地收集并整理了地质构造与地球物理等方面的基本资料;进行了野外实地勘察,磁场梯度的测量,确定了新测点,在新老测点上进行了较长时间的地磁场对比观测;应用多种方法分析研究了地磁对比观测资料,结果表明,新老测点与有关测点的地磁变化具有良好的一致性,并得到了新老测点之间的地磁数据的按点差。 相似文献
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We rederive and generalize hyperbolic moveout formulae for the common-midpoint (CMP) gather and for the zero-offset (ZO) section that can be efficiently used for macro-model-independent reflection imaging in two-dimensional media. The hyperbolic moveout formulae for the common-midpoint gather are obtained from different Taylor series expansions of a particular parametric moveout surface defined in the multicoverage data space. Such a moveout surface involves three kinematic wave-field attributes of two hypothetical waves, which have to be determined by a coherency analysis. By using hyperbolic moveout curves in the CMP gather and in the ZO section one can determine these attributes in two steps. The relationships between the local shapes of the interfaces and the attributes of the hypothetical wave-fields attributes are considered by means of geometrical optics. The determination of these attributes allows to perform a macro-model-independent ZO simulation and a subsequent inversion. 相似文献
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Assessing Groundwater Depletion and Dynamics Using GRACE and InSAR: Potential and Limitations 下载免费PDF全文
Pascal Castellazzi Richard Martel Devin L. Galloway Laurent Longuevergne Alfonso Rivera 《Ground water》2016,54(6):768-780
In the last decade, remote sensing of the temporal variation of ground level and gravity has improved our understanding of groundwater dynamics and storage. Mass changes are measured by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, whereas ground deformation is measured by processing synthetic aperture radar satellites data using the InSAR (Interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques. Both methods are complementary and offer different sensitivities to aquifer system processes. GRACE is sensitive to mass changes over large spatial scales (more than 100,000 km2). As such, it fails in providing groundwater storage change estimates at local or regional scales relevant to most aquifer systems, and at which most groundwater management schemes are applied. However, InSAR measures ground displacement due to aquifer response to fluid‐pressure changes. InSAR applications to groundwater depletion assessments are limited to aquifer systems susceptible to measurable deformation. Furthermore, the inversion of InSAR‐derived displacement maps into volume of depleted groundwater storage (both reversible and largely irreversible) is confounded by vertical and horizontal variability of sediment compressibility. During the last decade, both techniques have shown increasing interest in the scientific community to complement available in situ observations where they are insufficient. In this review, we present the theoretical and conceptual bases of each method, and present idealized scenarios to highlight the potential benefits and challenges of combining these techniques to remotely assess groundwater storage changes and other aspects of the dynamics of aquifer systems. 相似文献