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海鱼AChE监测海水有机磷农药的可行性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
有机磷农药(OPs)对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE EC 3.1.1.7)具有专一性抑制作用,因此AChE常作为淡水和土壤OPs污染的特异性标识物(biomarker).本文在海水背景下,通过测定两种有机磷农药(马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷)对海洋鱼类-鲈鱼[Lateolabrax japonicus(cuvier)]脑组织AChE的抑制效应,分析了海鱼AChE监测海水OPs的可行性.结果显示,抑制时间为20min时,抑制程度达到相对稳定;在低浓度OPs抑制下,纯酶液比粗酶液表现出更好的敏感性,对马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的灵敏度分别达到0.28μg*L-1和0.2μg*L-1;在一定浓度范围内,AChE活力对OPs具有显著的线性响应.研究表明,利用鲈鱼AChE指示和监测海水OPs的微污染是完全可行的. 相似文献
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海水中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM,Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter,常称之为黄色物质)是影响海洋水色的三大成分之一,海水中CDOM的研究具有重要的意义。本文针对CDOM水下原位探测激光诱导荧光光谱探测装置开发了一套控制系统,该控制系统分为水上甲板控制和水下数据采集两部分,水上甲板控制部分通过8芯电缆与水下数据采集部分实现供电及通信,水下数据采集部分以PC104嵌入式工控机为核心,控制整体采集部分的工作,甲板控制部分通过远程控制软件来操控PC104以实现水下数据的采集和存储。实验室环境测试及近海现场实验表明,该系统能够可靠完成水下荧光光谱装置的控制和数据的采集及通信需求,实现海水中有色可溶性有机物的水下原位探测。 相似文献
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单片机系统低功耗设计在数据采集系统中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章分析了CMOS器件原理和单片机系统特性,提出单片机系统低功耗设计的一些基本原则,以千米自容式CTD数据采集系统的设计为例,提出了一种低功耗数据采集系统的实现方案. 相似文献
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为获得不含农药的当地海水在利用酶传感器监测海水有机磷农药时作为对照溶液使用,选用苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5作为吸附剂,对含马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的海水样品进行动态吸附研究。发现该树脂较适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在温度10℃,流速0.5mL.min-1的条件下,10g树脂制成的吸附柱处理含500μg.L-1马拉硫磷的海水样品(乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制率为30.0%),出水的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性抑制率仅为0.4%,而对海水自身的性质没有显著影响。结果表明:苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在海水有机磷农药的酶传感器监测中有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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大亚湾海水中N2O的分布特征与通量的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
2004年1月(冬季)和4月(春季)在大亚湾海域设置15个采样站,采集大气和海水样品,运用静态顶空气相色谱法测定了大气和海水中溶存N2O的浓度并对其分布特征和海-气通量进行了初步研究。结果显示,海水中N2O浓度范围在10.90—40.54 nmol.L-1,饱和度为122%—454%,处于过饱和状态;N2O浓度在湾的中部分布较为均匀,大鹏岙、核电站、范和港顶和澳头等受人类活动影响较大的沿岸浓度较高,最大值出现在龙歧河口。海-气通量为0.05—0.78μmol.(m2.d)-1。海水中N2O浓度与NH4 的含量之间有较为显著的正相关性,河口与核电站是N2O的排放源,说明人类活动影响了大亚湾海水中N2O的分布。 相似文献
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分别采用硫酸过硫酸钾作为氧化剂进行高压消解和用浓度为1 mol/dm3盐酸浸泡提取,然后用磷钼蓝分光光度法测定海水悬浮颗粒物、沉积物中的总磷和无机磷,用差减法得到有机磷。悬浮颗粒物总磷(PTP)和无机磷(PIP)质量浓度分别为(632.4～651.7)×10-6和(436.6～452.6)×10-6时,其相对标准偏差小于1.44%。悬浮颗粒物总磷、无机磷和有机磷的回收率分别为97.2%～101.3%,97.8%～100.4%和97.3%～102.3%。所建立的分析方法可用于海水、河口水悬浮颗粒物及沉积物中不同形态磷的测定。 相似文献
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采集了中国东海(2009-12~2010-01)35个站位的海水样品,其中包括6个站位的垂直断面。用TPTZ方法测定了溶解态的单糖(MCHO)、多糖(PCHO)和总糖(TCHO)的浓度,对其水平分布和PN断面分布进行了研究。结果表明,受到长江冲淡水和黑潮水的影响,表层海水中MCHO、PCHO和TCHO浓度的水平分布表现出由近岸向外海递减的分布趋势。PN断面由于受冬季东北季风的影响,水体混合强烈,使得MCHO、PCHO和TCHO浓度在垂直方向上分层无明显规律。对长江口外3个断面海水中TCHO浓度与环境因子做了相关性研究。结果表明,TCHO浓度与盐度和温度呈显著的线性负相关,与Chl-a浓度呈线性正相关。 相似文献
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船载海洋生态环境现场监测集成示范系统硬件平台设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了利用快速以太网技术实现“船载海洋生态环境现场监测集成示范系统”硬件平台的设计方案 ,阐述了将船载设备集成于以太网协议转换器的软硬件设计与实现。协议转换器采用 Rabbit2 0 0 0微处理器及 Dynamic C语言开发 ,主要完成 RS2 32标准串口协议与 TCP/ IP协议之间的转换 ,利用协议转换器不但可以使原本不具备以太网接口的船载串行设备方便地联入到网络中 ,还可以延伸设备和主机之间的联接距离 ,并由此搭建船载集成系统的硬件平台。 相似文献
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This paper presents a neural network (NN) controller for a fishing vessel rudder roll system. The aim of this study is to build a NN controller which uses rudder to regulate both the yaw and roll motion. The neural controller design is accomplished with using the classical back-propagation algorithm (CBA). Effectiveness of the proposed NN control scheme is compared with linear quadratic regulator (LQR) results by simulations carried out a fishing vessel rudder roll stabilizer system. 相似文献
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In this paper, a controller design method for underwater vehicles is presented, which is based on re-configuration of a sliding-mode controller in case of disturbances caused by shallow water conditions. The disturbance distribution information can be obtained and used to update the corrective gain vector of the sliding-mode controller. This increases the robustness of the controller and, hence, keeps the system performance within acceptable limits. Proposed method is validated with simulations on a submarine model. 相似文献
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On the track keeping and roll reduction of the ship in random waves using different sliding mode controllers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the paper, an autopilot system composed of sliding mode controller and line-of-sight guidance technique are adopted to navigate the ship in random waves by altering the rudder deflection. Two kinds of sliding mode controller are considered; one is the separate system including sway–yaw control and roll control, the other is the compact system considering sway–roll–yaw control altogether. Both track keeping and roll reduction are accomplished by rudder control and the design parameters of controller are optimized by genetic algorithm. The present simulation results show both the separate controller and the compact controller work quite well, either for track keeping or roll reduction while the ship is sailing in random waves. However, the separate controller is recommended due to its simplicity. 相似文献
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An increasing number of experiments are being conducted to study the design and performance of wave energy converters. Often in these tests, a real-time realization of prospective control algorithms is applied in order to assess and optimize energy absorption as well as other factors. This paper details the design and execution of an experiment for evaluating the capability of a model-scale WEC to execute basic control algorithms. Model-scale hardware, system, and experimental design are considered, with a focus on providing an experimental setup capable of meeting the dynamic requirements of a control system. To more efficiently execute such tests, a dry bench testing method is proposed and utilized to allow for controller tuning and to give an initial assessment of controller performance; this is followed by wave tank testing. The trends from the dry bench test and wave tank test results show good agreement with theory and confirm the ability of a relatively simple feedback controller to substantially improve energy absorption. Additionally, the dry bench testing approach is shown to be an effective and efficient means of designing and testing both controllers and actuator systems for wave energy converters. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a saturated tracking controller for underactuated autonomous marine surface vehicles with limited torque. First, a second-order open-loop error dynamic model is developed in the actuated degrees of freedom to simplify the design procedure. Then, a saturated tracking controller is designed by utilizing generalized saturation functions to reduce the risk of actuator saturation. This, in turn, improves the transient performance of the control system. A multi-layer neural network and adaptive robust control techniques are also employed to preserve the controller robustness against unmodeled dynamics and environmental disturbances induced by waves and ocean currents. A Lyapunov stability analysis shows that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and tracking errors are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results are provided for a hovercraft vehicle to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller as a qualified candidate for real implementations in offshore applications. 相似文献
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Design of a sliding mode fuzzy controller for the guidance and control of an autonomous underwater vehicle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This work demonstrates the feasibility of applying a sliding mode fuzzy controller to motion control and line of sight guidance of an autonomous underwater vehicle. The design method of the sliding mode fuzzy controller offers a systematical means of constructing a set of shrinking-span and dilating-span membership functions for the controller. Stability and robustness of the control system are guaranteed by properly selecting the shrinking and dilating factors of the fuzzy membership functions. Control parameters selected for a testbed vehicle, AUV-HM1, are evaluated through tank and field experiments. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in dealing with model uncertainties, non-linearities of the vehicle dynamics, and environmental disturbances caused by ocean currents and waves. 相似文献
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Rentschler M.E. Hover F.S. Chryssostomidis C. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2006,31(1):200-208
The authors focus on demonstrating a simple design procedure for the Odyssey III autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) flight control system. This procedure can be carried out quickly and routinely to maximize vehicle effectiveness. A hydrodynamic model of the vehicle was first developed from theory and bench-top laboratory tests. Using this initial model, a controller was developed from basic principles. Then, using this initial controller to reach a desired typical operating condition, a very compact set of open-loop maneuvers was performed in the field. The vehicle model was optimized using the Nelder-Mead simplex method, and a revised controller was then implemented and tested successfully. 相似文献