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1.
Observational data on the response of lakes during modern-day periods of abundant precipitation and drought may provide analogs
for Holocene stratigraphic records and help elucidate the mechanisms that influence how lakes integrate climate. This study
evaluated the impacts of climatic variation during the past 50 years on the morphometry and salinity of two neighboring lake
systems in the central U.S. The two lakes were chosen, because paleolimnological reconstructions indicated that they had opposing
geochemical responses to climate change at AD1200. This divergence suggested that local differences in hydrological setting
had a major impact on the lake response to climate variation. Changes in surface area and volume were derived from aerial
photographs and historic measurements of lake conductivity to contemporaneous annual precipitation data, the Palmer Drought
Severity Index, and to groundwater table elevation. Hypsographic curves help to illustrate changes in lake surface area to
depth. Both lakes showed predictable changes in surface area, volume, and salinity in response to precipitation change, but
the magnitude of change in surface area and volume varied between the two lakes, likely because of differences in basin morphometry,
but mechanisms remain speculative. These differences in basin size and shape also affected the salinity response over time.
In the modern systems, the influence of groundwater on the chemical budgets appears to be limited and does not clarify the
differential response of the lakes in the past. Yet, in the past the groundwater connection may have been different in turn
changing the way the basins responded to climate. Although this study furthers our understanding of differences in the impacts
of climate variations on Moon and Coldwater Lakes during recent times, it still does not clearly reveal why Moon and Coldwater
Lake show opposite patterns of salinity change at 1200 A.D. 相似文献
2.
巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊与地下水的补给来源及化学组成(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the analysis of ion chemical composition of lake water and shallow groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert, this paper discussed the characteristics of ion chemical composition, spatial variation of lake water, and possible supply sources of lake water and groundwater in the desert areas. The results show that the pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity of the lake water are greater than those of groundwater. The ion con-tents of water samples are dominated by Na+ and Cl?. Most of the higher salinity lakes are Na (K)-Cl-(SO4) type, and a few of low salinity lakes belong to the Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type. Most of the groundwater is Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type, attributed to subsaline lake, and only a few present the Na-Cl-SO4 type, flowing under saline lake. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the southeastern lakes are relatively low, and there are slightly alkaline lakes. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the northern lakes are much greater than those of the southeastern lakes, and the northern lakes are moderately alkaline and saline ones. In the southeastern part of the Badain Jaran Desert, the ion chemical characteristics of the lake water from south to north show a changing trend of sub-saline →saline→hypersaline. The changing trend of chemical compositions of ions in recent 9 years indicates that most of the ion contents have a shade of reduction in Boritaolegai, Badain, Nuoertu and Huhejilin lakes, which state clearly that the amount of fresh water supply is increasing in the 9-year period. The ion chemical composition of the lake water reveals that the flow direction of lake water is from southeast to northwest in the Badain Jaran Desert. The ion chemical composition, moisture content of sand layer water level height and hierarchical cluster analysis of the lake water and groundwater demonstrate that the lake water is mainly supplied by local rainfall and infiltration of precipitation in Yabulai Mountains and Heishantou Mountain, and the supply from the Qilian Mountains is almost impossible. 相似文献
3.
Diatoms were identified and enumerated from the surface sediments of 111 lakes, 45 from the Kamloops region and 66 from the Cariboo/Chilcotin region, located on the southern Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada. This paper is an extension of another study which investigated the relationship of diatoms to salinity and ionic composition in 65 lakes from the Cariboo/Chilcotin region. The 111 lakes spanned a large gradient in salinity, ranging from fresh through hypersaline (late-summer salinity values ranged from 0.04 to 369 g l–1), and included both carbonate- and sulphate-dominated lakes with sodium and magnesium as the dominant cations. The Kamloops region had more sulphate-dominated, hypersaline lakes and fewer carbonate-rich lakes than the Cariboo/Chilcotin region. Most lakes had higher salinities in the late-summer compared to the spring.Both salinity and brine-type were important variables that could explain the different diatom assemblages present in the lakes. The majority of diatom taxa had salinity optima in the freshwater to subsaline range (<3 g l–1), and the taxa displayed a range of both narrow and broad tolerances along the salinity gradient. Weighted-averaging regression and calibration, and maximum likelihood techniques were used to develop salinity inference models from the diatom assemblages based on their relationship to the spring, late-summer and average lakewater salinity measurements. Simple weighted-averaging (WA) models generally produced the same or lower bootstrapped RMSEs of prediction than weighted-averaging with tolerance downweighting (WA(tol)) in the two regional and the combined datasets. Weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) showed little or no improvement in the predictive abilities of the datasets, as judged by the jackknifed RMSE of prediction. In all cases, the combined dataset of 102 lakes performed better than either of the smaller regional datasets, with relatively little difference between spring, average and late-summer salinity models. The maximum likelihood models gave lower apparent RMSEs of prediction in comparison to other methods; however, independent validation of this technique using methods such as bootstrapping were not undertaken because of the computer intensive nature of such analyses. These diatom-based salinity models are now available for reconstructing salinity and climatic trends from appropriately chosen closed-basin lakes in the Interior region of British Columbia.This is the second in a series of papers published in this issue on the paleolimnology of arid regions. These papers were presented at the Sixth International Palaeolimnology Symposium held 19–21 April, 1993 at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Dr A. R. Chivas served as guest editor for these papers. 相似文献
4.
5.
巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊及地下水化学特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对巴丹吉林沙漠丘间湖泊和古日乃、雅布赖、阿拉善右旗等地及其周围浅层地下水离子化学成分分析,探讨了沙漠地区湖水与地下水化学成分特点、水化学类型、空间变化和湖水补给来源。结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率均远远大于地下水。湖水样品中Na+和Cl-含量占绝对优势,大多数盐度较高的湖泊属于Na(K)-Cl-(SO4) 型,个别盐度较低的微咸湖属于Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) 型。地下水的化学类型多数为Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3)型,属微咸水,个别为Na-Cl-SO4型的咸水。沙漠东南部湖群水的pH值、盐度、TDS和电导率比较低,呈微碱性,属微咸湖;而北部湖群水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率远远大于东南部湖群,呈中等碱性,为盐水湖。湖水离子化学特征显示沙漠东南部湖群自南向北的演化趋势为：微咸湖→咸水湖→盐水湖。湖水离子化学成分短时间序列变化指示,近9 年宝日陶勒盖、巴丹东湖、巴丹西湖、诺尔图、呼和吉林湖水中的大多数离子的含量有所降低,表明其近9 年来淡水补给量增多。湖水化学成分与湖水位高度显示,巴丹吉林沙漠湖群湖水流向是由东南流向西北。水化学成分和水位分布高度表明,该区沙漠湖水主要来自当地降水补给和来自沙漠东南缘雅布赖山和南缘的黑山头山地降水的补给,而来自祁连山区来水补给的可能性很小。 相似文献
6.
Salt evaporation basins in south-eastern Australia, in contrast with natural saline lakes in this region, were not highly saline and exhibited little seasonal pattern in water depth and salinity over a 2-year sampling period. Lack of seasonality arose from either constant inflow (from continuous groundwater pumping) or erratic inflow (from unpredictable irrigation demands). Differences in zooplankton species composition between the salt evaporation basins and natural saline lakes might reflect the differences in temporal salinity patterns. Some typical saline lake zooplankton were not found in the evaporation basins. Salt evaporation basins therefore may represent additions to the inland water habitats of semi-arid Australia. 相似文献
7.
8.
Enlou Zhang Richard Jones Alan Bedford Peter Langdon Hongqu Tang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(4):477-491
Previous studies have shown chironomids to be excellent indicators of environmental change and training sets have been developed
in order to allow these changes to be reconstructed quantitatively from subfossil sequences. Here we present the results of
an investigation into the relationships between surface sediment subfossil chironomid distribution and lake environmental
variables from 42 lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that of the 11 measured environmental
variables, salinity (measured as total dissolved solids TDS) was most important, accounting for 10.5% of the variance in the
chironomid data. This variable was significant enough to allow the development of quantitative inference models. A range of
TDS inference models were developed using Weighted Averaging (WA), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Weighted Averaging–Partial
Least Squares (WA–PLS), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Modern Analogues Technique (MAT) and Modern Analogues Techniques weighted
by similarity (WMAT). Evaluation of the site data indicated that four lakes were major outliers, and after omitting these
from the training set the models produced jack-knifed coefficients of determination (r
2) between 0.60 and 0.80, and root-mean-squared errors of prediction (RMSEP) between 0.29 and 0.44 log10 TDS. The best performing model was the two-component WA–PLS model with r
2
jack = 0.80 and RMSEPjack = 0.29 log10 TDS. The model results were similar to other chironomid-salinity models developed in different regions, and they also showed
similar ecological groupings along the salinity gradient with respect to freshwater/salinity thresholds and community diversity.
These results therefore indicate that similar processes may be controlling chironomid distribution across salinity gradients
irrespective of biogeographical constraints. The performance of the transfer functions illustrates that chironomid assemblages
from the Tibetan Plateau lakes are clearly sensitive indicators of salinity. The models will therefore allow the quantification
of long-term records of past water salinity for lacustrine sites across the Tibetan Plateau, which has important implications
for future hydrological research in the region. 相似文献
9.
黑河下游地下水波动带土壤盐分空间变异特征分析 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
以黑河下游地下水波动带为研究区,根据64个样点的实验数据,采用地统计分析法对区域土壤盐分空间变异函数理论模型进行了选择,同时还利用GIS交叉验证(Cross-Validation)对目前较为薄弱的空间插值方法的适用性选择问题进行了分析.并在此基础上对整个区域土壤盐分空间分布进行了模拟,进而分析了其空间变异特征.结果表明:(1) 受地下水影响,黑河下游地下水波动带土壤盐分含量整体较高,且其空间分布具有明显的变异特征.在沿河流流向及垂直于河流流向方向上,各盐分要素在整体规律性变化基础上都存在局部性变异,且这种局部性变异在垂直于河流流向方向上比河流流向方向更显著;(2) 各盐分要素的变程为本研究今后合理布置采样点提供了参考依据,同时也为黑河下游地区水文及生态研究提供了有关研究尺度的参考信息;(3) 研究区土壤盐分空间分布模拟也为该区植被恢复提供了必要的土壤盐分信息,这对本区乃至整个黑河下游植被恢复及生态重建工作都具有重要指导意义. 相似文献
10.
Chrysophycean stomatocysts were identified and enumerated from the surface sediments of 60 lakes located on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. The lakes span a salinity gradient from freshwater to hypersaline (0.0–92.4 g L–1), with the majority being fresh to hyposaline. One hundred and ten stomatocyst morphotypes, almost all of which were previously described, were identified from the lake sediments. The first axis of direct gradient analysis, which was highly significant, was essentially a salinity axis (i.e. [Ca], [Mg], [K], [Na], [SO4], [DIC], and [Cl]). Most cysts were found to have fairly broad tolerances, with the narrowest tolerances occurring among morphotypes with the lowest salinity optima. Weighted-averaging regression and calibration techniques were used to develop an inference model to measure the relationship between measured average lakewater salinity and stomatocyst inferred salinity (apparent r2=0.80). Simple weighted-averaging produced a model with a lower bootstrapped RMSE of prediction than weighted-averaging with tolerance downweighting. These data indicate that chrysophyte stomatocysts are useful quantitative indicators of past lakewater salinity (in the freshwater to hyposaline range) in B.C. lakes, and can be used to strengthen the interpretations from diatom-inference models already developed from the same region. 相似文献
11.
针对新疆渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲土壤盐分动态监测中存在的方法问题,首先用灰色关联度模型分析影响形成土壤盐渍化的各因子,并确定其与土壤盐分之间的关联度,然后将人工智能计算技术引入土壤盐分的预测中,经过多次调整网络结构和参数,建立了预测表层土壤盐分的BP神经网络模型和RBF神经网络模型。结果表明：以潜在蒸散量、地下水埋深、地下水矿化度、土壤电导率、总溶解固体、pH值、坡度和土地利用类型8个因素为输入因子,以土壤含盐量为输出因子的BP网络模型和RBF网络模型可有效模拟土壤盐分与其影响因子之间的内在复杂关系,并且有较高的精度。BP网络模型预测误差略低于RBF神经网络。本研究可为分析和预测土壤盐渍化动态规律提供一种有效可行的新途径,是对传统土壤盐分动态研究的补充。 相似文献
12.
2008 a夏对可可西里地区东部4个新发现的盐湖,进行了卤水水化学组分、矿物组成及其石盐元素含量分析。结果表明,该区水体卤水矿化度高,湖表卤水富硼锂等组分。通过对化学组分及水化学特征系数的研究,卤水的水化学类型主要为硫酸镁亚型和硫酸钠亚型。卤水pH值随着矿化度的增加而降低。Na+、Cl-含量与总矿化度呈正相关,SO42-"与矿化度呈负相关。Li与Mg物源、迁移规律近似。本区盐类沉积物以石盐为主,石盐中Si、Al、Fe、Sr含量低,其间相关性好,物质来源可能为周围岩石风化。布查盐湖盐类沉积存在少量硬石膏、半水石膏和铁白云石,表明布查盐湖的盐类物质来源很可能与地下热水作用有关。 相似文献
13.
A. İdil Çakıroğlu Ü. Nihan Tavşanoğlu Eti E. Levi Thomas A. Davidson Tuba Bucak Arda Özen Gürçay K. Akyıldız Erik Jeppesen Meryem Beklioğlu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,52(4):367-383
Cladocerans are valuable indicators of environmental change in lakes. Their fossils provide information on past changes in lake environments. However, few studies have quantitatively examined the relationships between contemporary and sub-fossil cladoceran assemblages and no investigations are available from Mediterranean lakes where salinity, eutrophication and top-down control of large-bodied cladocerans are known to be important. Here we compared contemporary Cladocera assemblages, sampled in summer, from both littoral and pelagic zones, with their sub-fossil remains from surface sediment samples from 40 Turkish, mainly shallow, lakes. A total of 20 and 27 taxa were recorded in the contemporary and surface sediment samples, respectively. Procrustes rotation was applied to both the principal components analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) ordinations in order to explore the relationship between the cladoceran community and the environmental variables. Procrustes rotation analysis based on PCA showed a significant accord between both littoral and combined pelagic–littoral contemporary and sedimentary assemblages. RDA ordinations indicated that a similar proportion of variance was explained by environmental variation for the contemporary and fossil Cladocera data. Total phosphorus and salinity were significant explanatory variables for the contemporary assemblage, whereas salinity emerged as the only significant variable for the sedimentary assemblage. The residuals from the Procrustes rotation identified a number of lakes with a high degree of dissimilarity between modern and sub-fossil assemblages. Analysis showed that high salinity, deep water and high macrophyte abundance were linked to a lower accord between contemporary and sedimentary assemblages. This low accord was, generally the result of poor representation of some salinity tolerant, pelagic and macrophyte-associated taxa in the contemporary samples. This study provides further confirmation that there is a robust relationship between samples of modern cladoceran assemblages and their sedimentary remains. Thus, sub-fossil cladoceran assemblages from sediment cores can be used with confidence to track long-term changes in this environmentally sensitive group and in Mediterranean lakes, subjected to large inter-annual variation in water level, salinity and nutrients. 相似文献
14.
Recent rapid salinity rise in three East Antarctic lakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donna Roberts Dominic A. Hodgson Andrew McMinn Elie Verleyen Bruce Terry Christine Corbett Wim Vyverman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,36(4):385-406
Research in East Antarctica has shown several recent environmental changes that may be linked to human impacts on climate. In order to detect the influence and context of these changes on coastal aquatic ecosystems we examined lake sediment cores from three lakes in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica; Beall Lake, Holl Lake and ȁ8Lake Mȁ9. Cores were sectioned at␣2.5 mm intervals. Their diatom species composition was examined to detect changes in lake salinity using a diatom-salinity transfer function, and their algal pigment content was examined to detect photoautotrophic community responses to environmental change. Results showed that Holl Lake originated in a depression exposed by Holocene recession of the continental ice sheet and that Beall Lake and Lake M originated as isolated marine basins formed by changes in relative sea level. A general late Holocene trend of declining lake salinity was evident in all three lakes, interrupted by one short-term high salinity event in Beall Lake. This is consistent with a long-term positive moisture balance. This general decline in salinity has been followed by a remarkable recent rapid increase in salinity in all three lakes in the last few decades. We speculate that this rapid increase in salinity might be linked to changes taking place in the region including feedbacks resulting from decreasing sea ice extent as recorded in the nearby Law Dome ice core, and positive feedbacks in the catchments whereby reduced snow cover has led to decreased albedo, which in turn has caused increased evaporation and sublimation. Collectively these changes have shifted the lakes across a threshold from positive to negative moisture balance. A minor, but not rapid shift in the abundance of diatom pigments relative to pigments from green algae and cyanobacteria was also detected suggesting that some changes in photoautotrophic community composition have occurred. Measurements of modern nutrient levels are also higher than would be expected in Beall Lake and Holl Lake, given the extremely low sediment accumulation rates. This may be associated with a c. 300% increase in the population of Adélie penguins in the Windmill Islands recorded since the 1950s, or may a first signs of a rapid increase in catchment development and associated lake productivity as experienced in Antarctic and Arctic lakes subject to recent rapid regional warming. The most marked feature of the records is the rapid increase in salinity in all three lakes in␣the last few decades, which has occurred in lakes both with and without resident penguin populations.Dominic A. Hodgson and Donna Roberts contributed equally to this work 相似文献
15.
Surficial sediments from 76 lakes from two western Quebec regions(Abitibi and Haute Mauricie) were sampled to identify the relationships betweendiatoms and environmental variables. Because the two regions containedradically different diatom communities, we then investigated which factors maybe responsible for the large community discrepancies in the two nearbygeographical areas. Standard lake chemistry variables showed little differencesbetween the regions, although epilimnetic light regimes were slightly lower inAbitibi. Nevertheless, lakes of the two regions with similar light regimes andchemistry still showed a clear separation in their diatoms, implying that otherimportant factors are influencing assemblages. We found that the calculatedconcentration of CO2 in the open water can explain some of thediscrepancy in diatom assemblages. A pCCA constrained to the concentration ofCO2 with alkalinity and pH as covariables explained 12.5% of speciesvariance and was significant. Given the lack of a relationship between DOC andCO2, and because the lakes are heavily supersaturated withCO2 in the calibration set, lake-to-lake variations inCO2 concentrations are likely due to groundwater inputs; thepossibility that this environmental variable may be influencing diatomcommunities might allow, in some cases, the reconstruction of historicalchanges in groundwater inputs to lakes. Finally, new calibration models werebuilt in Quebec by using weighted averaging partial least square(WA-PLS) techniques in order to infer pH, CO2, TP, TN, and, DOC fromdiatom assemblages preserved in the surface sediments. 相似文献
16.
Diatom-based conductivity and water-level inference models from eastern Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau lakes 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Xiangdong Yang Christian Kamenik Roland Schmidt Sumin Wang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(1):1-19
Climate in central Asia is dominated by the Asian monsoon. The varying impact of the summer monsoon across the Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau provides a strong gradient in precipitation, resulting in lakes of different salinity. Diatoms have been shown to indicate changes in salinity. Thus, transfer functions for diatoms and salinity or related environmental variables represent an excellent tool for paleoclimatic reconstructions in the Tibetan Plateau. Forty freshwater to hypersaline lakes (salinity: 0.1 to 91.7 g l–1) were investigated in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The relationship between 120 diatom taxa and conductivity, maximum water depth and major ions were analyzed using an indicator value approach, ordination and taxon response models. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that conductivity was the most important variable, accounting for 10.8% of the variance in the diatom assemblages. In addition water depth and weathering were influential. Weighted Averaging (WA) and Weighted Averaging Partial Least Square (WA-PLS) regression and calibration models were used to establish diatom-conductivity and water depth transfer functions. An optimal two-component WA-PLS model provided a high jack-knifed coefficient of prediction for conductivity (r2
jack = 0.92), with a moderate root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEPjack = 0.22), a very low mean bias (0.0003), and a moderate maximum bias (0.26). A WA model with tolerance downweighting resulted in a slightly lower r2
jack (0.89) for water depth, with RMSEPjack= 0.26, mean bias = –0.0103 and maximum bias = 0.26. 相似文献
17.
Groundwater discharge into lakes: A review of recent studies with particular regard to large saline lakes in central Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. S. Zekster 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):233-249
Groundwater discharge into lakes is one of the least studied components of their water and salt balance. Yet groundwater inflow determines in many cases the hydrochemical, thermal and hydrobiological regimes of lakes and affects the process of sediment accumulation. Modern methods for quantitatively assessing groundwater discharge into lakes are considered. The results of studies of the groundwater contribution to the water and salt balance of Lakes Baikal, Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, the Caspian Sea and some other lakes are given. International experience in studying ground and lake water interaction is briefly characterized. 相似文献
18.
乌兰布和沙漠东南缘湖泊群消涨与驱动因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖泊是对环境变化响应敏感的地理单元,湖泊消长与响应机制研究对维持区域生态系统稳定具有重要意义。基于1999—2018年Landsat、气象、水文和农业种植面积等多种数据,在ArcGIS平台中利用改进归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)及目视修正方法提取了乌兰布和沙漠东南缘湖泊群空间信息,运用统计学方法对主要驱动因子与湖泊消涨的关系进行了分析。结果表明:1999—2018年乌兰布和沙漠东南缘大湖泊(面积大于100 hm2)在面积上占优势,小湖泊(面积小于100 hm2)在数量占优势。趋势分析表明大湖泊面积和数量呈显著性减少趋势(相关系数分别为R=0.624 > R18,0.01=0.561和R=0.648 > R18,0.01=0.561);小湖泊减少趋势不显著。在空间分布格局上,研究区中部是大湖泊稳定分布区,大湖泊数量11~23个,面积2 208~4 581 hm2。研究区湖泊消长主要受到年实际引黄水量、农田面积和地下水埋深的影响。其中,实际引黄(河)水量影响所有湖泊(P≤0.01),而农田面积和地下水埋深分别对大湖泊(P≤0.01)和小湖泊(P≤0.05)影响显著。用这3个因子分别构建的多元回归模型显示,在大、小湖泊面积和数量预测方面,精度分别达到75.7%和60.5%以上。 相似文献
19.
Quantitative and qualitative diatom analyses from the north Nile Delta lakes sediments of Egypt were used to evaluate the
paleoenvironmental development of the lakes and climatic changes during the late Holocene. We analyzed 565 samples taken from
19 cores from Manzala, Burullus and Edku lakes. A total of 263 diatom species and varieties were identified. Multivariate
statistical analyses distinguished 17 ecological groups that reflect changes in water salinity, lake-level and trophic state
of the lakes, which in turn are mainly related to climatic changes and anthropogenic impacts. Manzala and Burullus lakes experienced
a series of alternation between fresh, brackish and marine episodes, which were associated with wet and dry climates. Edku
Lake cores, however, contained only three ecological groups that are characteristic of brackish water conditions. The general
depositional regime in the lakes indicated five environmental phases: (a) a deep freshwater phase when the Nile flood water
reach the lakes during humid warm climate; (b) a shallow freshwater phase with some macrophytes during a dry climate; (c)
a shallow brackish water phase when Nile floodwater ceased during a dry climate and the lakes shifted to brackish conditions;
(d) a mixed environmental phase when the seawater mixed with freshwater from drains and canals (water salinity fluctuated
widely from freshwater to estuarine and full marine conditions); (e) a fully marine phase when seawater entered the lakes
at all stages of the tide. 相似文献
20.
为了研究碱湖N2O释放速率及其对盐度与pH的响应,选取内蒙古大克泊碱湖的五个沉积物样点,采用15N同位素标记模拟实验,研究反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的速率、相对比例和气体产生情况,揭示高盐和高pH对碱湖氮移除的影响。发现大克泊湖潜在氮移除速率为0~16.06 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在反硝化速率为0~12.62 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在厌氧氨氧化速率为0~9.81 n mol N mL-1 h-1;当盐度34.00 g·L-1与pH 10.22时,厌氧氨氧化对氮移除贡献较大,达到43.18%~71.79%。反硝化过程气体产物以N2为主,几乎无N2O气体释出。另外,该区域潜在氮移除速率与pH呈正相关关系,与TOC、NO-3、HCO-3呈负相关关系;未发现氮移除速率与盐度之间的相关关系。因此,在研究的碱湖中,氮移除过程中主要为N2排放,而N2O低于检测水平;氮移除过程的影响因素复杂且不限于最主要的环境变量(盐度与pH)。这些结果为研究湖泊N2O排放提供了数据基础。 相似文献