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地震非均匀度在甘肃及邻区中强地震中短期预报中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在地城学中长期预报的基础上,近几年地震学攻关掼的应用实践中发现,刻画强震前中小地震活动在时空分布上不均匀性的能量－－地震非均匀度（ＧＬ值）能较好地反映震前小震活动由稳定向非稳定过渡的中短期震兆特点。结合甘肃及邻区中强以上地震的预报研究,运用ＧＬ值进行时空扫描,结果发现除个别省界边缘地区地震外,所有５．４级以上地震前１￣２ａ,在震中３００ｋｍ范围内,２．０级以上小震活动在不同时段均显示出明显的非均匀 相似文献
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地震非均匀度方法在华北地区中强地震中期预报中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据１９９７年１０月初全国范围内地震非均匀度（ＧＬ值）方法的空间和时间扫描结果,在内蒙古中部和华北北部地区出现的明显高值异常,提出这２个地区未来１年存在发生５￣６级地震的可能。此后在１９９７年１０月１８日和１９９８年１月１０日在上述２个异常区域分别发生了内蒙古临河Ｍｓ５．０和河北省张北－尚义Ｍｓ６．２地震。通过对这２次地震前ＧＬ值的变化过程进行了分析总结,初步提出了中强地震前ＧＬ值的变化特征。 相似文献
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震源破裂类型的划分及预报意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对地表有反映震源破裂方式构造形迹的强震,提出按倾向滑动分量（Ｓ１）与走向滑动分量（Ｓ２）的比值ｒ（ｒ＝Ｓ１／Ｓ２）大小的分类原则,命名时次要成份在前,主要成份在后,研究还表明,不同震源破裂类型,其中短期前兆特征无明显区别。对Ｍ≥７．５级大震余震序列的研究表明,最大余震强度、主震与最大余震震级差以及Ｍｓ≥５．０级地震累计频次等方面,与震源破裂方式有关。一般是走滑型破裂最大余震的强度小,与主震震级差大 相似文献
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运用刻画强震前中,小地震在时空分布上不均匀性的参量ＧＬ值的方法,系统研究了华北地区２８次Ｍｓ≥５．０中强震前ＧＬ≥１．０的高值异常在空间上的分布特征和时间上的变化特征,系统开展了该地区不同地震活动水平的计算震级下限,时间窗,空间窗的合理性研究。对计算中所选取的参数进行优化和修改;采用全时空扫描的方法研究,追踪华北地区历次中强震前ＧＬ值的异常变化。结果表明：华北地区８２％的中强震前约１～３．５年内,在未来震中的附近出现明显的高值异常区,地震多发生在异常区的边缘或附近。ＧＬ值异常区的时间曲线表明,异常持续时间为３～２５个月不等,异常持续时间优势分布为３～１４个月,约占总异常的７８％;异常结束后,地震发生的优势分布为０～１４个月,约占总异常数的８３％,由此认为,ＧＬ值方法可能成为华北地区中强震预测的一个较为有效的方法 相似文献
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云南孟连西7.3级,武定6.5级,丽江7.0级三次强震前地震波振幅比的时… 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
１９９５年７月１２日至１９９６年２月３日短短７个月,云南地区连续发生了孟连西中缅边境７．３级,武定５．５级,丽江７．０级３次强震,本研究了近期这几个强震前５个地震台地震图垂直分量Ｓ,Ｐ波最大振幅比的地空演化特征,动态追踪了振幅比明显偏离平稳态的突变过程,发现主震前５－８年,７级大地震震中１００ｋｍ范围出现震幅比高（低）值突变,６级强震震中１３０ｋｍ范围出现振幅比高值突变,当振幅比的突变在缓升（工 相似文献
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结合地震间隙和强度变化分析了本世纪全国及国内主要地震活动区中强以 上地震活动特征,间隙大多在５．５ａ内,一半以上在２．５ａ内,最大间隙近１８ａ.５０年代 以后全国７．５级以上和７．０级以上、青藏块体７．０级以上地震活动及近２０ａ来台湾 ７．０级以上、华北和四川６．０级以上地震活动明显减弱,２０－３０年代青藏块体北部大 震的活动影响一直持续到７０年代,５．０－６．５级地震活动自８０年代明显增强,云南 ７０年代后形成的地震活动高潮实际上从６０年代就开始增强,华北和台湾地区表现 了强震前活动增强而甘宁青地区表现了强震后活动衰减的典型过程,制约我国地震 活动的大三角应力场、东部应力场和全球应力场具有长期稳定的２０ａ周期性,后面的 应力场依次滞后于前一个应力场约１／４个周期,前两者起主导作用,青藏块体东北缘 的地震活动除受东部应力场的影响外,还与青藏块体地壳物质东流的重要作用有关, 今后几年要特别注意四川和甘宁青６．０级以上、甘肃地区５．０级以上及新疆７．０级 以上地震。 相似文献
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滇西实验场两次中强地震前后尾波衰减的区域特征分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文在地方震尾波散理论模式的基础上，研究了１９９２年１２月发生在滇西地震预报实验场永胜期纳地区的两次Ｍｓ５．４，５．１地震前后的序列地震尾波振幅衰减率β和尾波Ｑ＾－１值随时间和空间变化的衰减特征。结果表明，尾波衰减率在空间分布上表现出明显的小区域范围的非均匀性，在主震震中附近的近场区内，主震期间的β值是０．００７６ｓ＾－１，相应的Ｑｃ＾－１值是０．００５６；余震期间的β值是０．０２０９ｓ＾－１，相 相似文献
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鲁南地区地震活动性异常与苍山ML5.6级地震 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用《地震学分析预报方法程式指南》中的方法分析一鲁南地区的地震活动性异常，发现在苍山ＭＬ５．６级地震前，鲁南地区２３个月无ＭＬ≥２．５级地震；在１９８５年６月新泰ＭＬ４．１级地震以后，ＭＬ≥３．０级地震主要集中在新泰－苍山－莒县之间的三角地带。１９７４年以后沿苍尼断裂的ＭＬ≥３．０级地震都发生在５．６级地震震中附近。 相似文献
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云南孟连西7.3级、武定6.5级、丽江7.0级三次强震前地震波振幅比的时空演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９５年７月１２日至１９９６年２月３日短短７个月,云南地区连续发生了孟连西中缅边境７．３级、武定５．５级、丽江７．０级３次强震,本文研究了近期这几次强震前５个地震台地震图垂直分量Ｓ、Ｐ波最大振幅比的时空演化特征,动态追踪了振幅比明显偏离平稳态的突变过程。发现主震前５—８年,７级大震震中１００ｋｍ范围出现振幅比高（低）值突变,６级强震震中１３０ｋｍ范围出现振幅比高值突变,当振幅比的突变在缓升（降）的背景上骤升（降）,或突变异常的地震次数明显增加,则中长期异常进入中短期阶段。在强震震中１３０ｋｍ范围内的地震台（近台）振幅比值高达１５．２以上,而远离强震震中２５０ｋｍ以外的地震台（远台）振幅比最大值仅为９．８,近台的突变幅度至少比远台大３０％。而强震成组发生前一年半时间内,位于强震震中１１０ｋｍ范围内的近台振幅比的突变幅度比远在２５０ｋｍ外远台大５５—７５％。对振幅比的突变和时空演化特征从非线性动力学模型和模拟实验结果进行了初步成因探讨。 相似文献
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山西中强地震前波速比异常研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了大同－阳高６．１级（１９８９），５．８级（１９９１），忻州５．、１级（１９９１），侯马５．１级（１９８９）以及太原，运城１９８９－１９９１年几个４．０级左右地震前后的２０２次小震资料。结果表明：这些主震前都存在明显的地震波速异常变化，纵横波速比Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ表面为下降－回升的异常形态，负异常持续时间与震级大小相关；主震在岁异常结束后发生，滞后时间随区域地震震源深度增大而延长。同时，主震前还存 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献