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以高黎贡剪切带中发育的变形花岗质岩石为研究对象,主要通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、阴极发光仪(CL)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对其显微构造、组构以及矿物成分进行了精细的测试分析,重点针对岩石中的长石细粒化和流体制约因素进行了深入讨论.研究结果表明:(1)高黎贡剪切带中的变形花岗质岩石随糜棱岩化程度的增强,呈现出两个明显的端元变形岩石类型,即Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩和Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩.(2)在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型岩石中,主要矿物组合均为钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母和(或)白云母.然而其中Ⅰ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:钾长石(残斑为主)斜长石石英±黑云母;Ⅱ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:细粒化的斜长石钾长石石英±黑云母.(3) EBSD组构结果显示无论是Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩,还是Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩,条带状石英在Y轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,表示以柱面a滑移系发育为主;而Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中的石英单颗粒在X轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,指示了柱面c滑移系.(4)Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中分布的钾长石矿物变形是以(100)[010]滑移系的发育占主导地位的位错蠕变动态重结晶,斜长石矿物呈现较弱的EBSD组构,表现出颗粒边界为主的滑移超塑性流动特征.值得注意的是从Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩到Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩中,变形长石残斑主要为钾长石.在角闪岩相剪切变形过程中钾长石呈现出明显细粒化以及矿物相、矿物成分和结构的转变,表现为钾长石矿物残斑被细粒化斜长石和石英颗粒取代并伴随着流体作用.钾长石残斑的强烈细粒化进一步形成高应变局部化的超糜棱岩和整个岩石的超塑性流动. 相似文献
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商丹糜棱岩带不同区段石英和长石的显微构造及石英组构特征表明,商丹糜棱岩带自西向东构造变形环境显示从低绿片岩相至中- 高绿片岩相至高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相的变化规律。低绿片岩相变形环境下,石英多为Ⅰ型条带,长石主要显示脆性破裂特征,石英c 轴组构呈单一环带型式。中- 高绿片岩相变形环境下,石英主要为Ⅱ型石英多晶条带,斜长石主要处于脆性碎裂流动状态,钾长石开始向韧性转化,石英c 轴组构呈绕y 轴分布的点极密型式。高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变形环境下,石英普遍呈现光性均匀并有120°三连点的动态重结晶和Ⅳ型条带,斜长石开始显示脆- 韧性过渡状态的变形特点,钾长石显示明显的韧性变形特点,石英c 轴组构呈Ⅰ型交叉环带型式 相似文献
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美国加利福尼亚州的内华达山脉的爱迪生湖花岗闪长岩中发育了一系列剪切带。作者在研究其中三条剪切带的变形显微构造时,试图用剪切带糜棱岩内的动态重结晶石英粒度及石英残碎斑晶中亚晶粒粒度作为古应力计估算了剪切带形成时的差异应力大小。 采用化学浸蚀法浸蚀剪切带糜棱岩标本的抛光面,浸蚀剂为饱和的氟化氢铵(NH_4HF_2)溶液。浸蚀时间:为揭示重结晶石英颗粒的边界,浸蚀时间为5—7分钟;为揭示石英亚晶粒的边界,浸蚀时间为25—30分钟。然后,在反光显微镜下用交截法测量动态重结晶石英的粒度及石英亚晶粒的粒度(图版Ⅰ)。由三条剪切带6块标本的测量,得到动态重结晶石英粒度平均为20—40μm;亚晶粒粒度平均为8—20μm 相似文献
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以北京西山地区官地杂岩斜长角闪质糜棱岩中变形角闪石为研究对象,通过显微构造电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电镜(TEM)和电子探针(EPMA)等方法手段,对角闪石的变形进行了系统分析.显微镜观察获得斜长角闪质糜棱岩中角闪石变形为σ型和δ型残斑,长柱状新晶构成残斑拖尾;利用EBSD技术分别对角闪石残斑系的核部和幔部进行晶格优选方位统计,结果表明新晶角闪石EBSD组构特征与残斑核部角闪石的组构特征类似,推导其主滑移系为(100)001;应用透射电子显微镜观察角闪石残斑系的核部和幔部亚微构造特征,残斑核部以缠结位错为主,新晶内部位错发育较少或无位错,残斑与新晶过渡部位可见由位错围限的膨凸亚晶粒;应用角闪石地质压力计和角闪石-斜长石地质温度计等进行温度计算与压力估算,残斑系列温度范围为675.29～702.91℃、压力范围为0.29～0.41 GPa,拖尾新晶系列温度范围为614.11～678.97℃、压力变化范围为0.11～0.31 GPa.综合分析北京西山地区官地杂岩中角闪石显微变形特征、组构特征、亚微构造特征和变形温压条件,角闪石变形机制为膨凸动态重结晶. 相似文献
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角闪石变形变质过程及其变形机制—以山西恒山地区斜长角闪岩为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山西恒山变质岩中斜长角闪岩经历了复杂的变质变形过程,为角闪石塑性变形提供了深入研究的契机.本文通过对变形角闪石样品的显微构造观察、电子探针分析和变形条件估算确定恒山地区斜长角闪岩的变质变形过程可分为二个阶段:(1)变质反应(～775℃,0.585GPa),原岩辉长岩中辉石退变为角闪石,形成近等粒状角闪石冠状体;(2)局部韧性剪切变形过程(650～679℃,0.770～0.914GPa),近等粒状新生角闪石和亚颗粒旋转斜长石发生递进变形,形成角闪石集合体残斑结构和强定向排列等变形组构,应变量>1000%.进一步的EBSD组构和TEM亚微构造分析,发现递进变形过程中等粒状角闪石和斜长石颗粒内部位错等亚微构造发育微弱,在组构极密投影图上仅在强变形部位出现{100}<001>滑移系的优选,新生等粒状角闪石集合体由残斑结构变形为强定向排列组构的过程中发生了超塑性流动,其变形机制以颗粒边界滑移为主. 相似文献
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角闪石高温脆-韧性转变变形的显微与亚微构造证据——以滇西点苍山深变质剪切糜棱岩为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对点苍山地区高温变形角闪质岩石应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜侧重开展了显微与亚微构造分析, 同时利用电子探针分析并结合应用角闪石地质压力计和角闪石-斜长石地质温度计, 揭示了中部地壳环境(约637℃和0.653 GPa)角闪石高温脆-韧性转变条件下的变形机制. 结果表明: (1) 中部地壳剪切变形形成的角闪质糜棱岩具有典型的糜棱结构, 由粗大的变形残斑和细小的基质颗粒所组成. 岩石中不同矿物具有截然不同的变形表现, 角闪石和长石表现出强烈的细粒化, 石英以重结晶生长为特点; (2) 角闪石具有典型的脆-韧性转变属性, 糜棱岩中具有不同结晶学方向的角闪石晶体颗粒呈现为"硬(Ⅰ型)"和"软(Ⅱ型)"残斑. "硬"残斑很少有明显的晶内变形, 或局部出现微破裂作用和位错缠结. "软"残斑遭受强烈变形, 初期也以位错缠结(核部为代表)为主, 但随后出现的双晶作用和位错的滑移与攀移(可能是由于水解弱化引起)使之转变形成细小的动态重结晶基质颗粒. 两种类型的残斑和基质的显微与亚微构造特点对于角闪石的脆-韧性转变表现给予了最好的论证; (3) 双晶成核重结晶机制是脆-韧性转变条件下角闪石动态重结晶的一种重要过程. 在双晶成核重结晶机制中, (100)[001]双晶滑移与位错蠕变(滑移与攀移)相互促进、共同作用. 相似文献
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角闪石高温脆-韧性转变变形的显微与亚微构造证据 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对点苍山地区高温变形角闪质岩石应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜侧重开展了显微与亚微构造分析, 同时利用电子探针分析并结合应用角闪石地质压力计和角闪石-斜长石地质温度计, 揭示了中部地壳环境(约637℃和0.653 GPa)角闪石高温脆-韧性转变条件下的变形机制. 结果表明: (1) 中部地壳剪切变形形成的角闪质糜棱岩具有典型的糜棱结构, 由粗大的变形残斑和细小的基质颗粒所组成. 岩石中不同矿物具有截然不同的变形表现, 角闪石和长石表现出强烈的细粒化, 石英以重结晶生长为特点; (2) 角闪石具有典型的脆-韧性转变属性, 糜棱岩中具有不同结晶学方向的角闪石晶体颗粒呈现为“硬(Ⅰ型)”和“软(Ⅱ型)”残斑. “硬”残斑很少有明显的晶内变形, 或局部出现微破裂作用和位错缠结. “软”残斑遭受强烈变形, 初期也以位错缠结(核部为代表)为主, 但随后出现的双晶作用和位错的滑移与攀移(可能是由于水解弱化引起)使之转变形成细小的动态重结晶基质颗粒. 两种类型的残斑和基质的显微与亚微构造特点对于角闪石的脆-韧性转变表现给予了最好的论证; (3) 双晶成核重结晶机制是脆-韧性转变条件下角闪石动态重结晶的一种重要过程. 在双晶成核重结晶机制中, (100)[001]双晶滑移与位错蠕变(滑移与攀移)相互促进、共同作用. 相似文献
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野外地质调查、室内显微构造及石英EBSD组构分析等综合研究表明,排山楼金矿区发育了三期韧性剪切活动,并先后形成了东西向、北东向延伸的韧性剪切带.前者主要表现为右行压扭活动,后者切割了前者,先后经历了左行压扭、左行走滑-伸展等多期构造活动.东西向韧性剪切带中发育大量多晶石英条带与云母的显微构造分层现象,形成于较深的地壳层次及中高温的环境下,石英结晶学优选(CPO)表明石英以柱面a、柱面c滑移为主,该剪切带可能形成于印支期,是蒙古带与华北太古宇克拉通沿索伦-林西缝合带拼合作用在排山楼地区的一种构造表现.北东向韧性剪切带早期的韧性剪切活动可能发生于~160 Ma,是燕山运动早期活动的结果,该期韧性剪切形成于中低温环境及中浅层地壳层次,显微构造以多晶石英集合体和石英的亚颗粒旋转为代表,石英以菱面a滑移为主.晚期的韧性剪切以韧性变形为主,叠加了后期脆性变形,主要表现为低温变形的左行走滑-拆离伸展,发育石英低温颗粒边界迁移、膨凸重结晶和方解石机械双晶,形成于地壳较浅层次,可能与130~120 Ma期间华北克拉通岩石圈大规模减薄与破坏作用有关,该期韧性剪切与拆离伸展运动可能直接导致了排山楼金矿的形成. 相似文献
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在对郯庐断裂带南段３条韧性剪切带中糜棱岩及围岩进行矿物组合、结构构造观察研究的基础上,对长石矿物进行了多项分析测试,发现长石成分及其结构状态参数的变化与构造应力场的构造作用存在明显的对应关系：随剪切变形作用的加强,长石矿物的结构状态参数呈增大趋势,矿物单位晶胞的体积和斜长石中Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比值随之减小;长石的变形指数（Ｉｓｓ）和斜长石中的钙长石分子（Ａｎ）与岩石的变形强度呈明显的正相关关系。这些研究结果为探讨构造变形场中矿物岩石的变形 变质作用提供了一种简捷有效的手段 相似文献
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DEFORMATION OF THE BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION ZONE AT THE POST-SEISMIC RELAXATION PERIOD: A CASE STUDY OF THE RED RIVER FAULT 
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下载免费PDF全文 The transition from microscopic brittle deformation to microscopic plastic deformation is called brittle-plastic transition, which is considered as a key layer for determining the limit of lower continental crust seismicity. The depth and deformation mechanism of the brittle-plastic transition zone is controlled mainly by temperature. Besides, the strain rate and fluid pore pressure also affect the transition during the different deformation stages at the seismic cycle.
In this paper, microstructure observation of catalcastic samples collected from the Red River Fault was carried out using optical polarized microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology, microstructures of deformation characteristics, mineral composition, water-rock reaction, pressure solution, exsolution, crack healing in the samples were systematically observed. The mineral components quantitative analyses were examined using the EDS. Water-rock reaction and pressure solution were systematically observed under SEM. The fabric of the main minerals in the samples was measured using electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD). Based on these analyses, the deformation mode was setup for the brittle-plastic transition zone of the fault during the post-seismic relaxation period.
Both brittle deformation and plastic deformation were developed in the cataclastic samples. EBSD data shows that the c axial fabrics of quartz present low-temperature plastic deformation characteristics. The feldspar deformed as cataclastic rock, and the micro-fracture in feldspar was healed by static recrystallized quartz and calcite veins. The calcite vein underwent plastic deformation, which represents the post-seismic relaxation deformation.
Based on the analysis of deformation mechanism of cataclastic samples in brittle-plastic transition zone of the Red River Fault, and combined with previous studies, we concluded that the brittle fracture and fracture healing is the main deformation mode at brittle-plastic transition zone in the post-seismic relaxation. High stress and high strain rate at post-seismic relaxation lead to brittle fracture of high-strength minerals such as feldspar in rocks. Plastic deformation occurs in low-strength minerals such as quartz and mica. Under the fluid condition, micro-fractures were healed by quartz and calcite. The minerals such as quartz and calcite in the fracture transformed from static recrystallization to dynamic recrystallization with stress gradually accumulating. With fracture healing and stress accumulation, the fault strength gradually increases which could accumulate energy for the next earthquake. 相似文献
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Wang Ruo-bai 《地震地质》1988,10(1):8
In this paper two vertical deformation maps have been drawn, based on the accurate leveling data of 1950-1980, in Jiangsu-Shandong-Anhui area. Along combining with neotectonic, geological basis and crustal deformation data, an analysis of the recent tectonic activity in the studied area has been made,and some conclusions have been drawn as follows: (1) The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone across the studied area is the key tectonic element in recent tectonic activity, and the crustal deform...更多ation is controlled by the fault zone. (2) A study of the two deformation maps shows that the section of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in this area is a creeping section, but both ends of the section are locked parts. The stress concentration ought to be accumulated in these parts. (3) Difference between the two maps suggests that the activity character of the fault zone is right lateral slip during 1950 to 1970, but reverse activity has occurred since 1982 to 1983. This suggests that the most intense earthquake in East 还原
【Abstract】 In this paper two vertical deformation maps have been drawn, based on the accurate leveling data of 1950-1980, in Jiangsu-Shandong-Anhui area. Along combining with neotectonic, geological basis and crustal deformation data, an analysis of the recent tectonic activity in the studied area has been made,and some conclusions have been drawn as follows: (1) The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone across the studied area is the key tectonic element in recent tectonic activity, and the crustal deformation is controlled by the fault zone. (2) A study of the two deformation maps shows that the section of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in this area is a creeping section, but both ends of the section are locked parts. The stress concentration ought to be accumulated in these parts. (3) Difference between the two maps suggests that the activity character of the fault zone is right lateral slip during 1950 to 1970, but reverse activity has occurred since 1982 to 1983. This suggests that the most intense 相似文献
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初步研究了2000年6月6日甘肃景泰5.9级地震蕴育过程中近源区及外围地区断层形变异常的时空分布特征:震前断层形变异常分布范围广、异常形态复杂，断层形变（应变）类信息指标图象异常区明显．不同地域断层形变异常形态及幅度存在显著差异，与异常所处的构造部位密切相关:海原断裂带西段出现的，，相断层形变异常，显示了近源区断层运动由准线性走向非线性的过程，与断层形变（应变）类信息指标高值异常区相配合，反映蕴震区应变积累程度高；而构造汇聚部位的六盘山断裂带等远场区较大幅度的突跳尖点异常，并不反映所在地的应变积累，而可能是蕴震过程区域构造应力场增强的一个标志．在此基础上，结合对景泰5.9级地震中短期预报经验教训的初步总结，研究和探讨了断层形变异常在震情判定中的应用． 相似文献
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RESEARCH OF SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE MENYUAN MS6.4 EARTHQUAKE ON JANUARY 21, 2016 IN LENGLONGLING AREA OF NE TIBETAN PLATEAU 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 On January 21 2016, an earthquake of MS6.4 hit the Lenglongling fault zone(LLLFZ)in the NE Tibetan plateau, which has a contrary focal mechanism solution to the Ms 6.4 earthquake occurring in 1986. Fault behaviors of both earthquakes in 1986 and 2016 are also quite different from the left-lateral strike-slip pattern of the Lenglongling fault zone. In order to find out the seismogenic structure of both earthquakes and figure out relationships among the two earthquakes and the LLLFZ, InSAR co-seismic deformation map is constructed by Sentinel -1A data. Moreover, the geological map, remote sensing images, relocation of aftershocks and GPS data are also combined in the research. The InSAR results indicate that the co-seismic deformation fields are distributed on both sides of the branch fault(F2)on the northwest of the Lenglongling main fault(F1), where the Earth's surface uplifts like a tent during the 2016 earthquake. The 2016 and 1986 earthquakes occurred on the eastern and western bending segments of the F2 respectively, where the two parts of the F2 bend gradually and finally join with the F1. The intersections between the F1 and F2 compose the right-order and left-order alignments in the planar geometry, which lead to the restraining bend and releasing bend because of the left-lateral strike-slip movement, respectively. Therefore, the thrust and normal faults are formed in the two bending positions. In consequence, the focal mechanism solutions of the 2016 and 1986 earthquakes mainly present the compression and tensional behaviors, respectively, both of which also behave as slight strike-slip motion. All results indicate that seismic activity and tectonic deformation of the LLLFZ play important parts in the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone, as well as in the NE Tibetan plateau. The complicated tectonic deformation of NE Tibetan plateau results from the collisions from three different directions between the north Eurasian plate, the east Pacific plate and the southwest Indian plate. The intensive tectonic movement leads to a series of left-lateral strike-slip faults in this region and the tectonic deformation direction rotates clockwise gradually to the east along the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone. The Menyuan earthquake makes it very important to reevaluate the earthquake risk of this region. 相似文献
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滇东南楔形构造区的区域断裂几何结构突出地表现为半棋盘格式。具有区域应力场分界意义的红河断裂,把其它几条断裂限制在其北部,并与小江断裂带构成第一级的半断块。构造区内,曲江断裂被李浩寨断裂限制在其西侧;后者与异龙湖断裂交汇于建水盆地中;建水断裂把黑泥地断裂限制于其东,并与李浩寨断裂构成建水盆地右阶拉分岩桥区,向南终止于山花。 深部构造、区域形变及断裂活动表明该构造区是一个断块挤压隆起构造区。最后,对楔形构造区的地震活动与挤压隆起断块运动的关系作了简要的分析 相似文献
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用地震活动资料研究了青藏高原东北地区的现代构造运动特征．地震活动证据表明,青藏高原东北地区活动块体之间是以复杂的变形带接触的．甘-青地块与阿拉善地块之间有一个宽阔的挤压变形带,该挤压带东南端转变为以网络状水平剪切变形为主．甘-青地块与鄂尔多斯地块接触的六盘山地区处于NE-SW向的挤压变形之中．鄂尔多斯地块与阿拉善地块间有一个具有拐折结构的剪切变形带,鄂尔多斯地块的西北角和东南缘处于NNW-SSE方向的受拉伸状态．该区现代构造变形特征可能与青藏高原向东北的挤压作用、鄂尔多斯地块的阻挡作用以及高原物质向东南方向挤出运动有关． 相似文献
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利用中国大陆以及蒙古、 缅甸、 印度、 尼泊尔和喜马拉雅等周边地区多年的GPS观测资料, 基于连续介质假设, 采用双三次样条函数模拟方法, 给出中国大陆整体水平位移速度, 拟合精度优于3 mm/a, 获得了中国大陆的水平应变率场, 并分析了中国大陆现今构造变形、 水平应变率场的空间分布特征. 结果表明: 对大范围、 密集的GPS速度场的连续变形分析, 既能揭示中国大陆现今构造变形的总体特征, 又能显示局部地区现今的构造活动特征. 总体上, 中国大陆构造的水平变形强度和变形速度在南北地震带产生突变, 呈西强东弱、 南强北弱态势. 而昆仑山地块中部、 鲜水河断裂带和云南中部地区, 其应变速率最大, 速度变化最快; 阿尔金断裂带现今处于其构造活动的平静期, 中天山东部地区具有拉张环境. 相似文献