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1.
The stromatic migmatites of Nelaug (Tvedestrand area, SouthernNorway) are investigated in detail. They show well developedlayers of leucosomes, mesosomes and melanosomes. It is establishedthat the mesosomes and leucosomes of these migmatites are differentfrom each other texturally, mineralogically, and chemically.Also combinations of leucosome plus adjacent melanosome portionsare chemically different from those of the mesosomes. Theseobservations do not agree with the findings of Mehnert (1971)and do not fit into his genetic model. The mesosome layers and the leucosome + melanosome combinationsare taken to represent the chemical compositions of the countryrock, a metagraywacke with relicts of primary rhythmic layering(Touret, 1965). The mineralogical composition of the layersvaries from granitic to tonalitic. Relict textures indicatethat the leucosome portions were initially occupied by layersof granitic composition relatively rich in K-feldspar, whereasthe mesosomes are the representatives of those metagraywackelayers which were relatively rich in plagioclase. An almostisochemical transformation of a paragneiss into the investigatedstromatic migmatite is established. Melting experiments performed at PH2O= 5 Kb yielded solidustemperatures of 640±7 °C for all layers. The Composition of plagioclases present in the different layersis explained by isochemical partial melting and in situ crystallization.The chemical, mineralogical, and textural findings support themodel of almost isochemical transformation already establishedfor the Arvika migmatites (Johannes & Gupta, 1982). 相似文献
2.
D. L. WHITNEY 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1992,10(6):715-725
CO2–CH4 fluid inclusions are present in anatectic layer-parallel leucosomes from graphite-bearing metasedimentary rocks in the Skagit migmatite complex, North Cascades, Washington. Petrological evidence and additional fluid inclusion observations indicate, however, that the Skagit Gneiss was infiltrated by a water-rich fluid during high-temperature metamorphism and migmatization. CO2-rich fluid inclusions have not been observed in Skagit metasedimentary mesosomes or melanosomes, meta-igneous migmatites, or unmigmatized rocks, and are absent from subsolidus leucosomes in metasedimentary migmatites. The observation that CO2-rich inclusions are present only in leucosomes interpreted to be anatectic based on independent mineralogical and chemical criteria suggests that their formation is related to migmatization by partial melting. Although some post-entrapment modification of fluid inclusion composition may have occurred during decompression and deformation, the generation of the CO2-rich fluid is attributed to water-saturated partial melting of graphitic metasedimentary rocks by a reaction such as biotite + plagioclase + quartz + graphite ± Al2SiO5+ water-rich fluid = garnet + melt + CO2–CH4. The presence of CO2-rich fluid inclusions in leucosomes may therefore be an indication that these leucosomes formed by anatexis. Based on the inferences that (1) an influx of fluid triggered partial melting, and (2) some episodes of fluid inclusion trapping are related to migmatization by anatexis, it is concluded that a free fluid was present at some time during high-temperature metamorphism. The infiltrating fluid was a water-rich fluid that may have been derived from nearby crystallizing plutons. Because partial melting took place at pressures of at least 5 kbar, abundant free fluid may have been present in the crust during orogenesis at depths of at least 15 km. 相似文献
3.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1446-1461
ABSTRACTMeta-pelitic rocks with interlayers of meta-psammites within the inner thermal aureole of the Alvand plutonic complex (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SaSZ), western Iran) underwent partial melting; generating various types of migmatites. The mesosome of the Hamedan migmatites is classified into two groups: (1) cordierite-rich and Al-silicate-poor mesosomes and (2) cordierite-poor, Al-silicate-rich groups. Leucosomes are also variable, ranging from plagioclase-rich to K-feldspar-rich leucosomes. Mineral-chemical studies and thermobarometric estimations indicate temperature and pressure of 640–700°C and 3–5 kbar, respectively, for the formation of mesosomes. U–Pb zircon geochronology on 214 grains from the mesosome of migmatites indicates ages of 160–180 Ma (ca ~170 Ma) for zircon metamorphic rims and variable ages of 190–2590 Ma for the inherited detrital zircon cores. Inherited core ages show various age populations, but age populations at 200–600 Ma are more frequent. The age populations of the detrital zircons clarify that the provenance of the younger zircon grains (200–500 Ma) was more likely the Iranian plate, whereas the older grains (600 Ma to >2.5 Ga) may be sourced from both northern Gondwana (such as Arabian-Nubian Shield) and the neighbouring, old cratons like as Africa. We suggest that magmatic activities, especially mafic plutonism at ~167 Ma, are the main triggers for the heat source of metamorphism, partial melting, and migmatization. In contrast to a presumed idea for a Cretaceous regional metamorphic event in the NW parts of the SaSZ, this study attests that the metamorphism should be older and can be associated with Jurassic magmatic pulses. 相似文献
4.
Origin and evolution of a migmatite 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The development of a stromatic migmatite exposed east and southeast of Arvika (Western Sweden) is described in four stages beginning with the country rock and following evolution through three areas characterized by low, medium and high amounts of leucosomes (areas L, M, and H, respectively).The country rock is a paragneiss composed of thin, alternating fine- and coarse-grained layers. Composition of the layers varies from granitic (fine) to tonalitic (coarse layers).The bulk of the stromatic migmatite is composed of leucocratic layers of magmatic appearance (leucosomes) and darker layers of gneissic aspect (mesosomes). Petrographical and chemical data (given in the form of Niggli values and K2O/SiO2 diagrams) show a close relationship between the fine-grained paragneiss layers and the leucosomes on the one hand and between the coarse-grained layers and the mesosomes on the other.At relatively low temperatures only those gneiss layers with a suitable (granitic) composition are transformed into leucosomes. This process is interpreted to be due to recrystallization of the felsic minerals via partial melting and to the separation of biotite.With increasing metamorphism, leucosomes become broader and more frequent due to partial melting of layers with less suitable composition. Contacts between different generations of leucosome can be recognized in the form of relict melanosomes.These observations favour essentially isochemical melting, followed by later in-situ crystallization. This model of an isochemical layer-by-layer transformation is supported by the preferential formation of hornblende in leucosomes and relict melanosomes, as well as by almost identical compositions of migmatite and country-rock plagioclase. 相似文献
5.
High-Pressure Dehydration Melting of Metapelites: Evidence from the Migmatites of Yaounde (Cameroon)
The migmatites of Yaound? consist essentially of anatectic metapelitickyanite-garnet gneisses characterized by granulite-facies mineralassemblages. Several types of migmatitic rocks have been recognized:(1) leucosomes associated with garnet-rich melanosomes, conformablewith the regional metamorphic layering; some leucosomes aregranitic in composition whereas some others are granodioriticand characterized by low K and Rb and by the lack of HREE fractionation;(2) quartzo-feldspathic differentiations without the relatedmelanosomes, occurring as veins conformable with or cross-cuttingthe regional metamorphic layering or along shear-zones, andcorresponding mineralogi-cally to granitic or quartz-rich v?ins;(3) garnet-rocks mainly composed of garnet with abundant accessories,occurring as intrusive bodies within the migmatitic series. Structural and petrographic data suggest that the migmatitesare not derived from the surrounding granulite-facies gneissesbut that both types of rock result from a single dehydrationmelting event. The formation of migmatites or gneisses, interpretedin terms either of absence of melt extraction or of shear-inducedmelt segregation, is ascribed to variations in strain distributionwithin the metamorphic pile. The chemical characteristics of the rocks and petrogenetic modellingsuggest that the migmatites of Yaounde arose from the superimpositionof the following events: (1) subsolidus differentiation of biotite-gneisses;(2) dehydration melting of biotite-gneisses at temperaturesaround 800?C (P=10–12 kbX leading to low amounts of melt(F<0?2), which was either tectonically segregated (migmatites)or not (granulite-facies gneisses); (3) injection of anatecticmaterial comprising both partial melts and garnet-rich residues,corresponding to high melt fractions (F>0?5) and probablyformed at higher temperatures (850?C) and at deeper structurallevels. The REE signature of equilibrium partial melts (9?3<CeN/YbN78;l?2<YbN<5?4) indicates that granitic magmas cannot bederived from dehydration melting of biotite-bearing metapelitesonly. Several other possibilities are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Mineral and isotope studies were undertaken on migmatites from the Schwarzwald, Moldanubian zone of the Variscan belt. The aims of the study were to date the migmatite formation and to determine the processes involved in migmatization in order to evaluate their influence on isotopic resetting. Textural evidence and the comparison of mineral compositions from leucosomes and mesosomes of two centimetre-scale migmatite profiles, respectively, suggest that migmatitic textures and mineral assemblages were formed by metamorphic segregation (deformation-enhanced mass transport) rather than by partial melting (anatexis). The results of Rb-Sr thin-slab dating on these profiles indicate that Sr isotopes were not completely reset during migmatization. No true isochron ages, but ages of approximate isotopic homogenization were obtained on the thin slabs by calculating 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios back to various stages in their evolution. The coincidence of these Rb-Sr data with U-Pb ages of monazites from migmatites and non-migmatitic gneisses shows that gneisses and migmatites were formed during the same high-temperature event in the Carboniferous (330-335 Ma). The observation that high-temperature metamorphism failed to equilibrate Sr isotopes on the centimetre-scale imposes limitations on the use of conventional whole-rock isochron techniques in dating migmatites. 相似文献
7.
Making a distinction between partial melting and subsolidus segregation in amphibolite facies migmatites is difficult. The only significant melting reactions at lowpressures, either vapour saturated or muscovite dehydration melting, do not produce melanocratic peritectic phases. If protoliths are Si-rich and K-poor, then peritectic sillimanite and K-feldspar will form in scarce amounts, and may be lost by retrograde rehydration. The Roded migmatites of southern Israel (northernmost Arabian Nubian Shield) formed at P = 4.5 ± 1 kbar and T ≤ 700 °C and include Si-rich, K-poor paragneissic paleosome and trondhjemitic leucosomes. The lack of K-feldspar in leucosomes was taken as evidence for the non-anatectic origin of the Roded migmatites (Gutkin and Eyal, Isr J Earth Sci 47:117, 1998). It is shown here that although the Roded migmatites experienced significant post-peak deformation and recrystallization, microstructural evidence for partial melting is retained. Based on these microstructures, coupled with pseudosection modelling, indicators of anatexis in retrograded migmatites are established. Phase diagram modelling of neosomes shows the onset of muscovite dehydration melting at 4.5 kbar and 660 °C, forming peritectic sillimanite and K-feldspar. Adjacent non-melted paleosomes lack muscovite and would thus not melt by this reaction. Vapour saturation was not attained, as it would have formed cordierite that does not exist. Furthermore, vapour saturation would not allow peritectic K-feldspar to form, however K-feldspar is ubiquitous in melanosomes. Direct petrographic evidence for anatexis is rare and includes euhedral plagioclase phenocrysts in leucosomes and quartz-filled embayments in corroded plagioclase at leucosome-melanosome interfaces. In deformed and recrystallized rocks muscovite dehydration melting is inferred by: (1) lenticular K-feldspar enclosed by biotite in melanosomes, (2) abundant myrmekite in leucosomes, (3) muscovite–quartz symplectites after sillimanite in melanosomes and associated with myrmekite in leucosomes. While peritectic K-feldspar formed in melanosomes by muscovite dehydration melting reaction, K-feldspar crystallizing from granitic melt in adjacent leucosome was myrmekitized. Excess potassium was used in rehydration of sillimanite to muscovite. 相似文献
8.
The REE distributions in mesosomes, neosomes, leucosomes and melanosomes of four layered migmatites have been investigated. In one example (Arvika migmatites) the REE patterns in adjacent paragneisses, the presumed parent rock of the migmatites, were also determined. REE patterns of neosomes and mesosomes of Arvika migmatites are similar to the finegrained layers and coarse-grained layers, respectively, observed in the adjacent paragneiss. This is in agreement with the layer-by-layer paragneiss-migmatite transformation model.
The REE patterns of mesosomes and neosomes indicate that these lithologies may have been closed systems (for REE) during the formation of the migmatites. No indication of metasomatic reactions, melt segregation or injection could be detected. Within the neosomes, leucosomes are depleted and melanosomes enriched in REE contents. This is interpreted to be due to separation and concentration of accessory minerals (monazite, epidote, allanite, zircon, sphene, apatite, garnet) into the melanosomes. The behaviour of accessory minerals during migmatite formation is closely allied to that of biotite, which is also concentrated in the melanosomes. 相似文献
9.
Two types of stromatic leucosomes are identified in metasedimentary rocks from the Skagit migmatite complex, North Cascades, Washington state, U.S.A. Both types are trondhjemitic and appear similar in outcrop, but, although both contain low abundances of REE, one type consists of leucosomes that are relatively REE-enriched compared to the other, and contains (1) small (<0.8 mm), Fe-rich garnets that are compositionally and texturally different from mesosome and melanosome garnet; (2) Ti-rich minerals (rutile, titanite) that are not present in the groundmass of the associated mesosomes or melanosomes and (3) CO2-rich fluid inclusions in quartz. Leucosomes of the second type are REE-depleted compared to the first type, lack garnet and Ti-minerals, and contain only H2O-rich fluid inclusions. The first type of leucosome is interpreted to have formed by in situ partial melting accompanied, and perhaps initiated, by an influx of water-rich fluid during upper amphibolite facies metamorphism. These conclusions are based on estimates of metamorphic P-T-Xfluid conditions (9–10 kbar, > 700°C, water-rich fluid present), inferences about the origin of the above-listed mineralogical and fluid inclusion features, and modeling of leucosome trace element abundances. The second type of leucosome is interpreted to have formed entirely by subsolidus processes (e.g., metamorphic differentiation) because these leucosomes lack features consistent with an origin by partial melting.
K-poor (tonalitic/trondhjemitic) leucosomes associated with metasedimentary (biotite-bearing) source rocks may form by water-saturated partial melting or by subsolidus processes. Both general leucosome-forming mechanisms may operate at different times during upper amphibolite facies regional metamorphism. Partial melting may be initiated by syn-metamorphic magmatic activity if crystallizing plutons serve as external sources of the water-rich fluid necessary for ultrametamorphism in the middle crust during orogenesis. Large-scale migmatite complexes such as the Skagit migmatites may form at least in part in response to contact effects of plutonism associated with high-grade metamorphism, so, although migmatite complexes are a volumetrically substantial part of many orogenic belts, they may not themselves represent a significant original source of magma for larger-scale igneous bodies. 相似文献
10.
Abstract Zircons have been studied from different layers of migmatites (from Arvika, western Sweden and Nelaug, southern Norway) and from a paragneiss (from Arvika) associated with one of the migmatites. The main purpose of the investigation is to establish whether or not information about zircons can help in the elucidation of the parentage and rock-forming processes of migmatites.
The elongation ratio of zircons from all layers is small and characteristic of sedimentary zircons. Further, the absence of characteristic colours and the growth trends of the zircons (indicated by the reduced major axes) observed in the various samples both support a sedimentary parentage for these rocks. The zircons of all layers exhibit secondary growth (overgrowth, outgrowth and multiple growth) due to metamorphism. Compared with the zircons from the paragneiss, those of the migmatite layers are more clouded and less rounded, some of them becoming opaque or even skeletal; this is especially true of the zircons from the leucosomes. These observations indicate an alteration of the original sedimentary zircons in the migmatite, especially in the leucosomes, in response to the migmatization process, previously interpreted as partial melting. 相似文献
The elongation ratio of zircons from all layers is small and characteristic of sedimentary zircons. Further, the absence of characteristic colours and the growth trends of the zircons (indicated by the reduced major axes) observed in the various samples both support a sedimentary parentage for these rocks. The zircons of all layers exhibit secondary growth (overgrowth, outgrowth and multiple growth) due to metamorphism. Compared with the zircons from the paragneiss, those of the migmatite layers are more clouded and less rounded, some of them becoming opaque or even skeletal; this is especially true of the zircons from the leucosomes. These observations indicate an alteration of the original sedimentary zircons in the migmatite, especially in the leucosomes, in response to the migmatization process, previously interpreted as partial melting. 相似文献
11.
Water-assisted migmatization of metagraywackes in a Variscan shear zone, Aiguilles-Rouges massif, western Alps 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Migmatitic rocks developed in metagraywackes during the Variscan orogeny in the Aiguilles-Rouges Massif (western Alps). Partial melting took place 320 Ma ago in a 500 m-wide vertical shear zone. Three leucosome types have been recognised on the basis of size and morphology: (1) large leucosomes > 2 cm wide and > 40 cm long lacking mafic selvage, but containing cm-scale mafic enclaves; (2) same as 1 but with thick mafic selvage (melanosome); (3) small leucosomes < 2 cm and < 40 cm) with thin dark selvages (stromatic migmatites). Types 1 + 2 have mineralogical and chemical compositions in keeping with partial melting experiments. But Type 3 leucosomes have identical plagioclase composition (An19–28) to neighbouring mesosome, both in terms of major- and trace-elements. Moreover, whole-rock REE concentrations in Type 3 leucosomes are only slightly lower than those in the mesosomes, unlike predicted by partial melting experiments. The main chemical differences between all leucosome types can be related to the coupled effect of melt segregation and late chemical reequilibration.
Mineral assemblages and thermodynamic modelling on bulk-rock composition restrict partial melting to 650 °C at 400 MPa. The large volume of leucosome (20 vol.%) thus generated requires addition of 1 wt.% external water. Restriction of extensive migmatization to the shear zone, without melting of neighbouring metapelites, also points to external fluid circulation within the shear zone as the cause of melting. 相似文献
12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1229-1240
Intrusion-bordering migmatites comprise a substantial, high-grade metamorphic part of the Alvand aureole near Hamadan, western Iran. Abundant Al-rich metasedimentary rocks and various granites occur in this region. Migmatites consist of Bt?+?Sill?+?Grt?+?Crd?+?Sp ± Opx melanosomes and Grt?+?Pl?+?Kfs?+?Qtz leucosomes. These assemblages reflect upper pyroxene hornfels to lower sanidinite facies physical conditions. The appearance of orthopyroxene in these rocks marks the pressure–temperature transition from the pyroxene hornfels to the sanidinite facies. Field relations, mineral parageneses, and pressure–temperature estimates suggest that intrusion of granitic magma and concomitant partial melting of metasedimentary wallrock units were the main processes involved in the migmatization. Peak metamorphism took place at 650–750°C and ～2–4 kbar; such high-temperature/low-pressure metamorphism was caused mainly by advective heat derived from the emplacement of plutons. Regional metamorphism, granitic magmatism, and contact metamorphism reflected arc construction and collision during subduction of a Neotethyan seaway and subsequent Late Cretaceous–early Tertiary oblique collision of Afro-Arabia (Gondwana) with the Iranian microcontinent. 相似文献
13.
Stromatic and schlieren-type migmatites are a major lithology in the type section of the Skagit Gneiss complex in the North Cascades Range of Washington State, USA. Migmatite mesosomes are chiefly biotite schist, amphibolite, and orthogneiss, in decreasing order of abundance. Leucosomes are predominantly leucotrondhjemites with a very limited range of composition that is nearly independent of associated mesosome type. Melanosomes, consisting mainly of biotite and/or hornblende±garnet, are inconsistently developed and absent in places. The age of migmatization is not well established, but appears to be Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary. This is also the age of syntectonic tonalite to trondhjemite intrusives that are predominant in most parts of the Skagit complex. Although temperatures in excess of 700° C and pressures as high as 10 kb occurred, there is no evidence for widespread partial melting of the mesosomes with which the migmatites are closely associated. Mass balance calculations preclude an origin by injection of a silicate melt or hydrothermal fluid unless accompanied by metasomatic replacement reactions. Mass balance relationships also show that the Skagit migmatites could not have formed solely by closed system processes such as partial melting or metamorphic segregation, unless the mesosomes present were not the protolith from which the migmatites formed. Field, petrographic and geochemical data indicate that an origin by migmatization of a missing mesosome is quite unlikely. The most feasible process of migmatization appears to be infiltration of an aqueous fluid into a metamorphic protolith along fracture or foliation planes. This triggers a variable degree of metamorphic segregation or possibly minor partial melting. Unmixing of leucosomes and melanosomes from the mesosome protolith must be accompanied by metasomatic replacement, but the total mass transfer required is only a few wt%. 相似文献
14.
Abstract In the northeastern part of the Grenville Province, along the gulf of St Lawrence, cordierite is widespread in the migmatites of Baie Jacques Cartier (BJC) and Baie des Ha! Ha! (BHH). In the BJC area, rafts of mesosome occur in a pervasive network of leucosome consisting of cordierite-bearing pegmatite. In BHH, however, the mesosome and leucosome are well segregated and locally separated by thin biotite –hornblende melanosomes. Leucosomes in the BJC area record the highest temperatures (oxide thermometry = 900°C), whereas leucosomes of BHH and mesosomes of both areas indicate peak temperatures around 800°C (oxide thermometry; biotite–garnet thermometry with fluorine-rich biotite). Peak pressures were constrained at 720 MPa using the Ilm-Sil–Qtz–Grt–Rt (GRAIL) equilibrium. The area is thought to have undergone extensive melting under relatively modest pressures. The highest temperatures recorded in the BJC area are probably related to a pervasive impregnation of this terrane by aluminous granitic melts. Most post-peak P–T estimates for the mesosomes fall on a nearly isobaric, clockwise, P–T path (0.6 MPa/°C) with the exception of the high-temperature leucosomes of BJC, which fall about 100°C away from this path; this is additional evidence for the external origin of these leucosomes. The ultimate source of heat that generated the migmatites is thus though to be an underlying plutonic complex (anorthosite?). 相似文献
15.
Isocon analysis has been applied to five sets of leucosome, mafic selvages and immediately adjacent mesosome in the migmatites from a 15-m outcrop in the Colorado Front Range. The results show: (i) mafic selvages formed from the adjacent mesosome by loss of felsic components and therefore the mesosomes are indeed palaeosomes or protoliths; (ii) the leucosomes did not form in a closed system from the palaeosome (in which case the material lost from the palaeosome during selvage formation would become the leucosome). The observed volumes and compositions of leucosomes require that the present leucosome must contain some material in addition to the felsic components lost from the selvages. The materials that must be added are leucotonalitic to granitic in composition, varying greatly in K/(Na + Ca) ratio. The trend in leucosome composition can be reproduced by assuming that a metasomatic exchange, KNa + Ca, modified originally leucotonalitic leucosomes to more K-rich compositions. These leucosomes most likely formed by injection of silicate melts accompanied, or followed, by metasomatism. The trend of leucosome compositions in this study reflects the general trend in the leucosome compositions which have been published from other areas, indicating that the proposed mechanism can be applicable to other regional migmatites. 相似文献
16.
The regional migmatites in the Yunkai Block were formed under low-pressure metamorphism.The majority of their protolith are biotite-rich peraluminous gneisses.Detailed field observations,and studies of petrology,spatial distribution of minerals and geochemistry suggest that the leucosomes were derived from anatexis.The single grain zircon U-Pb dating data indicate that a pulse of migmatization occurred at 394-449 Ma and may have resulted from the large-scale Caledonian magmatism in the Yunkai Block. 相似文献
17.
J. E. GREENFIELD G. L. CLARKE M. BLAND & D. J. CLARK 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1996,14(4):413-426
Metasedimentary gneisses show a rapid change in grade within a 10-km-wide low- P /high- T regional aureole at Mt Stafford, Arunta Block, central Australia. Migmatites occur in all but the lowermost of five metamorphic zones, which are characterized by: (1) muscovite–quartz schist; (2) andalusite–cordierite–K-feldspar granofels with small melt segregations; (3) spinel–sillimanite–cordierite–K-feldspar migmatite; (4) garnet–orthopyroxene–cordierite migmatite and minor diatexite; and (5) biotite–cordierite–plagioclase diatexite that shows a transition to granite. A subsolidus unit comprising interbedded sandstone and siltstone is equivalent to bedded migmatite , the main rock type in Zones 2–4. Mesoscopic textures and migmatite classification of this unit vary with grade. In Zone 2, metatexite is developed in siltstone layers that are separated by quartz-rich, unmelted metapsammite layers. Melt segregation was less efficient in Zones 3 and 4, where the dominant migmatite layering is a modified bedding. High proportions of melt were present in Zone 4, in which schlieren migmatite is transitional between bedded migmatite and metapelite-sourced diatexite. The preservation of sedimentary structures and coexistence of melt reactants and products in Zone 4 metapelite imply that melting proceeded in situ without substantial migration of melt. Zone 5 biotite–cordierite–plagioclase diatexite carries rafts of bedded migmatite with strongly resorbed edges, as well as large K-feldspar and quartz augen. This unit of comparatively Ca-rich migmatites is inferred to have been formed by the mixing of locally derived and injected granitic melt. 相似文献
18.
Disequilibrium Melting and the Rate of Melt-Residuum Separation During Migmatization of Mafic Rocks from the Grenville Front, Quebec 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Migmatites are developed in Archaean metabasites south of theGrenville Front. Relative to equivalent greenschist facies metabasites,those hosting the migmatites have undergone some mobilizationof CaO, Na2O, and Sr, and, in the case of sheared metabasites,the introduction of K2O, Ba, Cs, and Rb, before migmatization.Three types of anatectic migmatite are recognized, based ontheir leucosome-melanosome relationships: (1) non-segregatedmigmatites in which new leucocratic and magic phases are intimatelymixed in patches up to 15 cm across, (2) segregated migmatitesin which the leucosomes are located in boudin necks and shearbands, and are separated from their associated mafic selvedgesby 5–100 cm, and (3) vein-type migmatites where discordantleucosomes lack mafic selvedges. The non-segregated and segregatedmigmatites have a local and essentially isochemical origin,whereas the vein-type represent injected melt. Leucosomes fromthe segregated and vein-type migmatites have similar tonaliticmajor oxide compositions, but they differ greatly in their trace-elementcharacteristics. The vein-type leucosomes are enriched in K2O, Ba, Cs, Rb, LREE,Th, Hf, Zr, and P2O5 relative to their metabasite hosts, andhave greater La/YbN ratios (27 compared with 0?6–17).These veins may have formed by between 5 and 25%equilibriumbatch partial melting of Archaean metabasalt, leaving garnet+ hornblende in the residuum. In contrast, leucosomes from the segregated migmatites are depletedin REE, Sc, V, Cr, Ni, Co, Ti, Th, Hf, Zr, Nb, and P2O5 relativeto their source rocks; the associated mafic selvedges are enrichedin these elements. The leucosomes and mafic selvedges both haveLa/YbN ratios that are similar to those of the source metabasitesirrespective of whether the source is LREE depleted or LREEenriched. The abundances of many trace elements in the leucosomesappear to be controlled by the degree of contamination withresiduum material. Zr concentrations in the leucosomes are between10 and 52% of the estimated equilibrium concentrations in felsicmelts at the temperature (750–775 ?C) of migmatization.A numerical simulation of disequilibrium melting using bothLREE-depleted and LREE-enriched sources yields model melts withtrace element abundances that match those of the natural leucosomes.Mafic selvedge compositions indicate that the segregated migmatitesrepresent a range of between 12 and 36% partial melting of theirhost metamatization. Based upon calculated dissolution times for zircon in wet melts,the melt and residuum were separated in less than 23a, otherwisemelts would have become saturated in Zr. Rapid melt extractionis thought to be driven by pressure gradients developed duringnon-coaxial deformation of the anisotropic palaeosome duringmigmatization. The common occurrence, based on published work, of disequilibriumcompositions in migmatite leucosomes implies that during mid-crustalmelting the melt-segregation rates are greater than the rateof chemical equilibration between melt and the residual solid.In contrast, at the higher temperatures of granite formation,the rate of chemical equilibration exceeds that of melt-segregationand equilibrium melt compositions are reached before segregationcan occur. On the basis of their trace element characteristics,the melt which forms segregated migmatites cannot be the sameas that which forms the vein-like migmatites, or granitoid plutons. 相似文献
19.
麻山杂岩的变质-混合岩化作用和花岗质岩浆活动 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
在黑龙江佳木斯地块麻山杂岩中可分别有高级和中级变质作用部分,两处均可见混合岩化作用。通过混合岩浅色脉体或花岗质脉体中的长石自形晶、斜长石周围的钠长石净边、黑云母向角闪石的转化等现象表明混合岩化作用主要表现为深部岩浆的注入,而不仅是高级变质之后的近原地深熔作用所致,高级变质与相关的深熔作用所致混合岩化在区域上的分布是有限的,集中于西麻山的高级区;而注入式混合岩化是普遍的,其产出可遍布所有麻山杂岩的出露区,在麻粒岩相和角闪岩相部位均可出现。早期麻粒岩相变质与后期混合岩化作用应是相互独立的构造或热事件;注入式混合岩化引起了中级变质作用和高级区的退变质作用,注入混合岩化作用的时代约为500Ma;中级变质作用是注入混合岩化的结果,而不是混合岩化的原因。与注入混合岩相关的花岗岩虽然表现出一些S型花岗岩的特征,但根据矿物组合、地化性质的综合分析,更可能是富钾及钾长石斑晶的钙碱性花岗岩类,属于I型花岗岩,形成于挤压向引张转化的过程中。麻山杂岩的变质与混合岩化特征表明,以西伯利亚古陆为中心的南部边缘发生了与冈瓦纳陆块内泛非事件类似的构造活动,只不过这里的规模略小,在变质之后迅速发生了构造体系的转换,而形成大量花岗质岩浆活动。 相似文献
20.
武夷山中段加里东期混合岩的特征及成因讨论 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
武夷山中段出露的加里东期混合岩中广泛发育交代结构，可划分出钠－钙交代、钾交代和磋交代等三个阶段．岩石中微斜长石为最大微斜长石．浅色体与基体内外长石的Ａｎ值明显不同，且无环带构造．黑云母成分与围岩中的黑云母接近．岩石化学成分的变化与交代作用的类型有关．微量元素具有与围岩相似的特征，仅重稀土含量高于围岩．质量平衡计算表明，它们形成于开放体系中，矿物颗粒呈聚集分布．这些特征表明它们是由原来的变质岩经减质流体交代形成的。 相似文献