共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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1556年华县地震历史记载是中国历史记载最为丰富的地震之一,本文从这些历史地震记载中提取研究了对地震科学的价值,包括：（1）从“地旋运”记载启迪在大震前人感地旋可作为临震预警的指标;（2）从历史地震记载中综合得出大震前地震动由小到大的时间;（3）大震前旱震关系的中期前兆;（4）大震前汾河地堑中的中强地震活跃;（5）渭河盆地地震发生时间的600年周期;（6）历史地震发生时间的“三性法”分布指征;（7）华县大地震指征的烈度区划观点的验证,华县大地震揭示的烈度不对称性等。以及对秦可大《地震记》的科学意义及历史地位做了肯定性的研究与讨论。 相似文献
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川滇地区7级大震前中强震震源机制变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
分析了 70年代以来 ,川滇地区发生的 8次 7级大震前 5年内 ,发生在大震孕震区和震源区内的中强震震源机制解时空分布。结果表明 ,最早中强震发生在大震震源区或其附近 ,其发震应力场与区域构造应力场一致 ,与大多数大震发震应力场一致或接近。大多数中强震震源破裂特征与大震明显不同。之后有多次中强震发生在距大震震源区较远的大震孕震区内其他地方 ,它们的发震应力场往往经历了与区域构造应力场和大震应力场一致与不一致的多次交替变化。大震前最后 1个中强震也发生在距大震震源区较近的地方 ,其发震应力场与大震发震应力场明显不一致 ,偏转了 30°～ 5 0° ,或更多 ,大多数也与区域构造应力场不一致 ,有的中强震发震断裂破裂特征与大震不一致。大震前中强震震源机制的变化 ,反映了大震孕育过程的不同阶段 ,区域构造应力场的时空调整变化和增强过程 ,以及由此引发的构造断裂异常活动 ,揭示出与大震发生有关的应力场和震源破裂特征信息 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(6)
基于数字高程模型(DEM)空间分析技术,系统提取了华山山前河流相关地貌参数,包括河流坡降指标SL、河流水力侵蚀模型标准化陡峭指数ksn、流域盆地面积高程积分HI、谷底宽度与谷肩高度之比Vf、山前曲折度Smf等。研究表明,各参数指标大致以华县及华阴为界,空间上差异分布,表现为华县—华阴段河段SL在断裂附近出现极高值,河流SL均值、ksn均值、HI值、Vf值以及Smf值集中在500~700、120~140、0.5~0.6、0~0.1及1.0~1.1之间;蓝田—华县段及华阴—灵宝段的指标分布特征大致相同,上述指标值集中在300~500、100~120、0.4~0.5、0.2~0.6及1.2~1.5之间。综合分析发现,构造活动是造成上述指标差异的主要因素,对各指标进行构造活动等级划分,计算出华山山前相对构造活动强度(Iat),结果显示在华县—华阴段Iat值集中在1~1.5之间,其他部位集中在1.5~3之间;表明华山山前华县—华阴段构造活动最强,其他部位活动相对较弱。华山山前构造活动主要受控于华山山前断裂。野外地质调查表明,华山山前断裂在华县—华阴段活动最强,全新世以来仍发生过多次活动;在蓝田—华县段及华阴—灵宝段断裂仅在晚更新世有过活动,未见全新世活动迹象,活动性整体偏弱。利用河流地貌参数获取的华山山前构造活动强弱与野外地质调查得出的结论一致,表明以河流地貌参数作为构造活动的研究对象,能有效地反映区域的差异构造运动。 相似文献
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大地震与共轭性构造活动 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本文讨论的是大陆型浅源大地震的一种构造活动方式。通过对六个大震的分析表明,大震序列具有共轭的双向破裂面。两个方向的破裂面发育程度一般不同。这主要取决于震区介质的不均一性。联系一些大震前的类似现象,指出大震前后共轭性构造活动现象的研究,对主震和强余震的预测有一定的意义 相似文献
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基于鲜水河断裂带及邻近区域GPS资料,以发生汶川MS8.0大震的2008年为时间节点,利用视错动变形系统分析模型研究了鲜水河断裂带及邻区不同时段的滑动与区域形变活动特征,结果表明:汶川大震前后鲜水河断裂带构造活动的动态变化是显著的,其西部地区地壳形变的动态变化也较清晰,这些不仅说明了汶川大震的孕育在较大的空间范围存在不同特征的形变与构造活动,同时其西部地区也存在着疑似断裂带形变中心的地壳动态变化,这可能与特定的构造和动力环境密切相关,为我们识别大震前兆提供了更多的可能。 相似文献
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本文从地震地质角度,对1920年海源大震发震构造带,主要是对极震区发震构造在第四纪以来的活动性及活动特点以及产生这一活动的应力场与动力来源等进行了讨论。之后,在分析区内活动构造的基础上,得到两点有关海原大震发生的重要地质信息。 相似文献
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查阅了岳州府及其邻近地区以及两湖接壤地区的大量相关史料,并对其进行了鉴别和查证。通过鉴别,推断隆庆岳州府志关于1556年岳阳地震的记载比较准确。岳州(今岳阳)所属地区记载的地震为有感,强度不大。在查阅历史资料时,对无地震记载的情况采用以下地震缺失原则进行判断:1)待查史志上必须有其它地震的记载;2)待查事件发生前后史志上有其它灾害的记载。根据该原则确定通山、通城、蒲圻、崇阳、公安、石首等地在嘉靖三十四年确实无地震记载。考证了陕西华县地震与湖南岳阳地震的关系,表明岳阳地震是一次独立地震,而不是1556年华县地震的影响。最后根据地方志的记载确定了岳阳地震的震中位置和震级 相似文献
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荣河故城城址考正与1556 年华县大震 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
荣河县是历史上山西省南部一个古行政管辖区, 由于社会和历史变迁, 当时荣河县城的准确地理位置现在已不清楚, 以致错把现今的荣河镇当成了昔日的荣河城。通过史记查寻与现代测绘地形图的判读以及有关史料的综合分析, 从多个方面证实, 在现荣河镇西南黄河东岸河漫滩上残留的古城遗迹是当年的荣河县城。新考证的荣河故城同历史上秦、晋、豫三省交界的蒲洲等古城一样, 都位于黄河河漫滩之上, 有着相同的地貌、水文地质和工程地质条件。从荣河、蒲洲等城址自身地质条件的好坏、抗震性能优劣、1556 年华县地震时遭受的破坏程度以及它们彼此间的相对位置来分析, 1556 年华县大地震的宏观震中位置不应在蒲州— 永济地区,仍可能在华县一带。 相似文献
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DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AD 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED DISASTERS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 
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下载免费PDF全文 A complete understanding to the disasters triggered by giant earthquakes is not only crucial to effectively evaluating the reliability of existing earthquake magnitude, but also supporting the seismic hazard assessment. The great historical earthquake with estimated magnitude of M8.5 in Huaxian County on the 23rd January 1556, which caused a death toll of more than 830 000, is the most serious earthquake on the global record. But for a long time, the knowledge about the hazards of this earthquake has been limited to areas along the causative Huashan piedmont fault(HSPF) and within the Weihe Basin. In this paper, we made a study on earthquake triggered landslides of the 1556 event along but not limited to the HSPF.
Using the high-resolution satellite imagery of Google Earth for earthquake-triggered landslide interpretation, we obtained two dense loess landslides areas generated by the 1556 earthquake, which are located at the east end and west end of the HSPF. The number of the interpreted landslides is 1 515 in the west area(WA), which is near to the macro-epicentre, and 2 049 in the east area(EA), respectively. Based on the empirical relationship between the landslide volume and area, we get the estimated landslide volume of 2.85~6.40km3 of WA and EA, which is equivalent or bigger than the value of ~2.8km3 caused by Wenchuan earthquake of MW7.9 on 12th May 2008. These earthquake triggered landslides are the main cause for the death of inhabitants living in houses or loess house caves located outside of the basin, such as Weinan, Lintong, Lantian(affected by WA) and Lingbao(affected by EA). Our results can help deeply understand the distribution characteristics of coseismic disaster of the 1556 Huaxian earthquake to the south of Weihe Basin, and also provide important reference for the modification of the isoseismals. 相似文献
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THE COSEISMIC VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Coseismic displacement plays a role in earthquake surface rupture, which not only reflects the magnitude scale but also has effect on estimates of fault slip rate and earthquake recurrence intervals. A great historical earthquake occurred in Huaxian County on the 23rd January 1556, however, there was lack of surface rupture records and precise coseismic vertical displacements. It's known that the 1556 Huaxian earthquake was caused by Huashan front fault and Weinan plateau front fault, which are large normal faults in the east part of the southern boundary faults in Weihe Basin controlling the development of the basin in Quaternary. Here, we made a study on three drilling sites in order to unveil the coseismic vertical displacements.
It is for the first time to get the accurate coseismic vertical displacements, which is 6m at Lijiapo site of Huashan front fault, 7m at Caiguocun site, and 6m at Guadicun site of Weinan plateau front fault. These coseismic displacements measured based on same layers of drilling profiles both at footwall and hanging wall are different from the results measured by former geomorphological fault scarps. It's estimated that some scarps are related with the nature reformation and the human beings' activities, for example, fluviation or terracing field, instead of earthquake acticity, which leads to some misjudgment on earthquake displacements. Moreover, the vertical displacements from the measurement of geomorphological scarps alone do not always agree with the virtual ones. Hence, we assume that the inconsistency between the results from drilling profiles and geomorphological scarps in this case demonstrates that the fault scarp surface may have been demolished and rebuilt by erosion or human activities. 相似文献
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山西大宁县位于山西省吕梁山南端，境内沟壑纵横，具有独特的黄土高原地形地貌特征。在该地区进行地质灾害调查，以查明灾害分布、形成原因和隐患情况。应用地貌学的有关原理，结合遥感影像解译，在义亭河的支流河谷两岸0.3 km2（575 m×526 m）范围内发现并确认了2个大型和2个中型滑坡体。滑坡体均为基岩与上方的黄土沉积层整体滑下，滑坡体沿河流流动的方向发生一定程度的扭转，滑面近于直立，滑动方向与河流流向一致，没有形成堰塞湖。对滑坡体与周围地貌特征，以及河道被改动的方向特征研究认为：①4个滑坡体是在不同的地质时期形成；②其中1个滑坡体明显受到一条断裂的影响；③其它3个滑坡体，可能是在河流侵蚀搬运作用加强，导致的"重力塌陷"，及河流流向作用牵引的动力学作用下，经过较漫长的时间形成；④在距离该地区约60 km的洪洞地震、临汾地震，以及距离该地区230余公里的华县地震，这三次8级地震过程中，地震应力可能加剧了滑坡体的发生或滑动；⑤未来该滑坡体，仍然可能在非常规的外界条件下，如强降雨或地震应力等的影响下，出现加速滑动的可能。 相似文献
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历史地理学研究结果表明,1556年陕西华县大地震造成的陕西潼关黄河河床的抬升,触发了1570年以后黄河小北干流长期的洪水泛滥。频繁的洪水泛滥演化成两岸的生态环境灾难。明代山西的荣河县城、蒲州城和陕西朝邑县城,就在这长达400 a的生态环境灾难中最终被废弃,以致人们以为它们在华县地震时也和现在一样,位于黄河河漫滩上。 相似文献
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THE STATIC STRESS TRIGGERING INFLUENCES OF THE 2015 MW6.4 PISHAN,XINJIANG EARTHQUAKE ON THE NEIGHBORING AREAS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on the rupture models of the 2015 Pishan MW6.4 earthquake and half space homogeneous elastic model, the Coulomb stress changes generated by the earthquake are calculated on the active faults near the earthquake region. The horizontal stress changes and the displacement field are estimated on the area around the epicenter. Results show that:(1)The Coulomb stress is decreased in the west of the western Kunlun frontal thrust fault(9.5×103Pa), and increased in the east of the western Kunlun frontal thrust fault and the middle of the Kangxiwa faults. More attention should be taken to the seismic rick of the east of the western Kunlun frontal thrust fault; (2)Based on the analysis on the location of the aftershocks, it is found that most of the aftershocks are triggered by the earthquake. In the region of increased Coulomb attraction, the aftershock distribution is more intensive, and in the area of the Coulomb stress reduction, the distribution of aftershocks is relatively sparse; (3)The horizontal area stress increases in the north and south of the earthquake(most part of the Qaidam Basin and the northwest of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau), and decreases in the east and west of the earthquake(northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and eastern part of the Pamir Mountains). In the epicenter area, the principal compressive stress presents nearly NS direction and the principal extensional stress presents nearly EW direction. The principal compressive stress shows an outward radiation pattern centered on the epicenter with the principal extensional stress along the direction of concentric circles. The principal compressive stress presents NW direction to the west of the epicenter, and NE to the east of the epicenter. With the increase of radius, the stress level gradually decays with 107Pa in the epicenter and hundreds Pa in the Maidan Fault which is in the north of the Qaidam Basin. 相似文献