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采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了厦金海域8种珊瑚中Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb重金属的含量,通过数据处理、主成分分析方法,分析了重金属分布特征和其主要来源。采用单因子污染指数法对珊瑚重金属的污染水平进行了评价。结果表明,其平均浓度水平从大到小依次为:ZnMnSnCrCuAsNiPbSbCdCo。在8种珊瑚中,星柳珊瑚(Astrogrogia sp.)、等柳珊瑚(Paris fruticosa)、Paraplexaura sp.的重金属含量较高,花柳珊瑚(Anthogorgia sp.)和Guaiagorgia anas的含量较低。台湾海域珊瑚中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni的含量、委内瑞拉海域珊瑚中Zn、Pb、Ni的含量远高于厦金海域珊瑚体内相同重金属含量,大堡礁珊瑚中Cu含量较厦金海域的略高。通过相关性分析发现,Cr、Co、Ni、Zn和Sn的种间差异较为显著。根据主成分分析,厦金海域珊瑚体内重金属元素可能的污染来源有:农业污染、港口生活污水和工业污水的排放、船舶油漆、涂料侵蚀、电镀工业。单因子污染指数法评价结果表明,6种重金属元素中,大佰屿、白哈礁和角屿的主要污染物是Mn。白哈礁、大佰屿站位的珊瑚体内重金属Mn处于重度污染水平,角屿站位的处于中度污染水平。 相似文献
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湛江近岸马尾藻中重金属元素含量及富集分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用Agilent Technologies 7500Cx型ICP-MS对湛江海湾的7种马尾藻中的11种重金属元素进行分析测试。结果发现,硇洲马尾藻对多种重金属都有极强的富集能力,其对As、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr、Ni的富集总量高达284.4mg/kg。各马尾藻对所测重金属元素的富集能力的由大到小依次为硇洲马尾藻、半叶马尾藻、亨氏马尾藻、围氏马尾藻、全缘马尾藻、灰叶马尾藻、匍枝马尾藻,表明马尾藻对各重金属元素的综合富集能力因藻而异。各重金属元素被马尾藻富集的平均含量由大到小依次为Fe、As、Mn、Ba、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb、Se,显示出马尾藻对营养元素(Fe、Mn、Ba、Zn)的富集大于对毒性元素(Cu、Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb)的富集。 相似文献
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厦门西海域沉积物中重金属的赋存状态及潜在迁移性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以厦门西海域沉积物为研究对象,利用改良BCR连续提取法分析了沉积物样品中Zn、Mn、Cr、Cu、Cd和Pb的赋存状态,并通过潜在迁移指数（PMI）探讨了沉积物中重金属的潜在迁移风险.结果表明：6种重金属总量在厦门西海域沉积物中由大到小的顺序为：Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd,其中Mn和Zn的含量达到了1 471 mg/kg和231 mg/kg.与沉积物质量标准对比,沉积物样品中Zn、Cr、Cu和Pb的含量较高.改良BCR连续提取表明6种金属中Zn、Cr和Cu主要以残渣态存在,Mn和Cd主要以酸溶态存在,Pb则以可还原态为主.厦门西海域沉积物中6种重金属的潜在迁移指数大到小的顺序为：Mn〉Cd〉Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr,其中Mn和Cd的潜在迁移危险最大. 相似文献
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长江口以南我国沿岸海域经济贝类中的重金属 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文报道了长江口以南我国沿岸海域经济贝类中各重金属的含量及其分布趋势。结果表明，各种贝类体内Zn的含量总是最高，Hg的含量总是最低。各重金属平均含量一般呈Zn＞Cu＞As≈Cd＞Cr≈Pb＞Hg的排列顺序。该海域牡蛎的Hg、Pb、Cr、As的含量低，区域分布较均匀；Cu、Zn、Cd的含量相差悬殊，以珠海海区牡蛎的Cu、Zn、Cd含量最高，分别为431×10-6～474×106，864×10-6～1044×10-6，7．02×10-6～8．25×10-6（m／m），其主要原因可能是工业排污造成的。本调查牡蛎分布较广，对Cu、Zn、Cd有较强的积累能力，推荐它为我国局部海域海洋污染监测Cu、Zn、Cd的指示生物。 相似文献
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采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对白令海北部、楚科奇海和加拿大海盆等亚北极海域表层沉积物中13种金属元素(Fe,Mn,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Ba,Ag,Pb和U)的含量进行测定,结合富集系数(EF)和因子分析结果,探讨研究区的亚北极海域沉积物中各金属元素的可能影响因素。结果表明,在楚科奇海和加拿大海盆是Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ba,Ag,Fe,Mn,Al和Pb高值区,低值区大多出现在白令海北部;而U和Cd的高值区主要出现在楚科奇海北部,并表现出含量向加拿大海盆逐渐降低的趋势。EF分析结果显示:在目标海区的沉积物中Fe,Mn,Cu,Ag,Ba,Co,Ni和Pb未见富集;而Cr,Cd,Zn和U则表现出轻度富集。因子分析对于金属元素的聚类划分结果与通过EF计算对于金属元素富集程度的区分结果相吻合,因此Al,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Ag和Pb可能主要受到陆地岩石和土壤风化的影响;Cr,Cd和U主要受到陆源输入和人类活动影响,即人类活动是造成亚北极地区沉积物金属元素富集的重要原因;而Ba主要受生物活动影响;Fe和Zn不仅受自然来源和人为来源共同作用,还可能受到生物活动的影响。 相似文献
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利用2007年10月和2009年6月对长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物的监测数据,分析了其中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg等7种重金属元素和TOC的含量,并采用Hakanson生态风险指数法进行了潜在生态风险评价.结果表明:重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg元素的平均含量分别为:37.43×10-6,36.85×10-6,93.48 × 10-6,0.17×10-6,72.91×10-6,10.60 × 10-6和0.043×10-6.各重金属元素空间上呈现长江口及杭州湾高、外陆架海区低的分布趋势,且总体上调查海区南部海域高于北部海域.7种重金属元素的污染指数由大到小排序为:Cu＞Cr＞ Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞ Hg,其中Cu和Cr元素是主要的污染因子;潜在生态风险系数由大到小依次为:Cd＞ Hg＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn,其中Cd、Hg和Cu元素是主要的潜在生态风险因子.研究区仅局部海域受到了重金属元素的污染,RI值均小于150,属低潜在生态危害的范畴. 相似文献
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本文采用2008年在珠江口荷包岛近岸海域的调查数据,对表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及重金属与TOC的相关性进行了分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明:重金属Cd,Hg,Cr和As四种元素分布基本呈现荷包岛近岸海域较高的特点,重金属Zn,Pb和Cu的分布没有明显规律;重金属富集顺序为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Hg＞As＞Cr＞Pb。相关性研究表明,重金属Cu与Zn显著相关,Hg,Cr,Cd和As极显著相关;有机质是影响沉积物重金属迁移和转化的重要因素。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,荷包岛近岸海域表层沉积物重金属总体潜在生态危害轻微;各重金属生态危害程度顺序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn;对荷包岛近岸海域生态环境具有潜在生态危害的重金属主要是Cd和Hg。 相似文献
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长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属分布和潜在生态危害评价 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe、Hg、Cd的含量分布以及富集状况进行分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价该海域中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Hg、Cd污染的程度及其潜在的生态危害,结果表明:长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe的分布特征表现为由近岸向远岸递减的趋势,整体上象山县和舟山群岛近岸海域的含量高于研究区北部含量;Hg在长江口南端含量较高,呈由西向东递减的趋势;Cd在长江口南端以及象山县东含量较高,在研究区中部含量较低。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物只有部分站点处于生态危害的中等级别,大多站点生态危害轻微,污染程度顺序为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn;对长江口及其邻近海域生态环境具有潜在影响的重金属元素首先是Cd,其次是Hg。对底质环境质量进行系统聚类分析结果显示,象山县和长江口外以及济州岛西南近海海域的底质环境较差,应予以重视。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2019,(6)
分析了辽宁省蛤蜊岛附近海域海水和表层沉积物中的Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr分布特征,利用相关性分析和主成分分析探讨了重金属的来源,采用地累积指数和富集因子法评价了其污染现状。结果表明,海水中重金属的含量均满足第二类水质标准;沉积物中Cu、Pb和Zn的含量符合海洋沉积物质量标准的一类沉积物标准,Cr的含量介于一类和二类标准之间。与中国海域重金属的背景值相比,蛤蜊岛附近表层沉积物中除了Cu的平均含量大小相似外,其他重金属的平均含量均较高。重金属总量在蛤蜊岛连接陆地的大坝附近富集明显,尤其是Mn,达到远海采样点的3倍多。相关性分析和主成分分析的结果表明重金属的来源可能是受人为影响较小的陆源碎屑。评价结果显示,Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn基本处于无污染(富集)的状态,Pb处于无污染至中等污染(富集)的状态。 相似文献
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Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
L&#; E ZHANG Lei CHEN Min QIU Yusheng XING N YANG Weifeng LI Yanping HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41
Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic 相似文献
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JIN Xianglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):1-3
In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future. 相似文献
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湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足 相似文献
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In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (Kd) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(8):1391-1415
The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”. 相似文献
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