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铌钽铁矿族矿物(CGM)是重要铌、钽矿石矿物,记录了花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床的岩浆热液演化过程.扎乌龙位于四川省西部石渠县,为大型花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床.文章以扎乌龙14号伟晶岩脉为研究对象,开展了系统的铌钽铁矿族矿物研究工作.14号伟晶岩脉分带良好,从边部到中心可划分为云母石英电气石带(Ⅰ带)、斜长石带(Ⅱ带)、钠长石锂辉石带(Ⅲ带)和石英锂辉石带(Ⅳ带),均发育有铌钽铁矿族矿物.根据矿物内部结构和化学成分,推断14号伟晶岩脉存在2个阶段铌钽矿化:早阶段在各带内均形成铌铁矿-铌锰矿(CGM-1),内部呈现均一结构或振荡环带,指示以铌结晶为主的岩浆阶段;晚阶段在Ⅲ带和Ⅳ带内形成钽铁矿和少量富钽的铌铁矿-铌锰矿(CGM-2),围绕早阶段铌铁矿-铌锰矿再生长或穿切、交代早阶段铌钽矿物,指示以钽结晶为主的岩浆-热液过渡阶段.铌钽铁矿族矿物呈现出2种演化趋势,分别为早阶段铌铁矿-铌锰矿的Mn/(Mn+Fe)比值随着Ta/(Ta+Nb)比值升高而增加,晚阶段富钽矿物Mn/(Mn+Fe)比值随着Ta/(Ta+Nb)比值升高而不变,指示扎乌龙14号伟晶岩脉总体为中等程度分异,早期岩浆阶段各带内连续、晚期岩浆-热液阶段发生跳跃的不连续演化过程,并指示早阶段演化受岩浆结晶分异的控制、晚阶段演化主要受结晶分异、富Li流体环境和其他含Fe-Mn矿物共同控制的地球化学行为. 相似文献
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湖南耒阳上堡花岗岩风化壳型铌钽矿床铌钽的赋存状态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖南耒阳上堡花岗岩风化壳型铌钽矿床有三种类型铌钽矿石：钽铌铁矿矿石(类型Ⅰ)、铌金红石矿石(类型Ⅱ)和细晶石-钽铌铁矿矿石(类型Ⅲ)，铌钽矿床中的铌钽主要赋存在独立矿物钽铌铁矿、铌金红石、细晶石中，其次赋存在铁锂云母中。在Ⅰ类型矿石中铌钽矿物所含铌占有率为46．36％，钽为50．94％，在Ⅱ类型矿石中铌钽矿物所含铌占有率为43．37％，钽为56．44％，在Ⅲ类型矿石中铌钽矿物所含铌的占有率为48．81％，钽为66．37％。在云母中所含铌钽较高，铌占有率为5．71％～17．2％，钽为2．33％～12．52％。 相似文献
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《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(3)
仁里铌钽矿床是我国东部近年来新发现的超大型高品位花岗伟晶岩型铌钽矿,已探明的Ta2O5资源量10791t,Nb2O5资源量14057 t, Ta2O5平均品位0.036%, Nb2O5平均品位0.047%,矿床仍具有较大的找矿潜力。为了厘定铌钽等稀有金属矿的成矿年龄,研究其成矿物质来源,为下一步勘查及成矿预测指明方向,本次对5号主矿脉钻孔ZK1616中的4件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素年龄测试,获得的4件辉钼矿Re-Os平均模式年龄为130.5±1.1 Ma(MSWD=0.17), 4件辉钼矿中Re含量为76.59～106.33μg/g,平均值为96.81μg/g。综合研究表明稀有金属成矿作用发生在中生代早白垩世,成矿年龄为130.5 Ma左右,成矿物质来源于壳幔混合源,以及岩浆演化晚期富F、Cl热液流体对冷家溪群地层稀有金属元素的释出、迁移和叠加。 相似文献
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《矿产与地质》2019,(4)
福建永定大坪铌钽矿赋存于潜火山岩相碱长花岗斑岩内,主要有用组分为铌钽,矿石中铌钽品位达到工业指标要求。矿床具有埋藏浅和全岩矿化的特点,规模达大型以上。应用扫描电镜、电子探针、X-ray能谱分析、MLA矿物检测、光学显微镜等方法,对大坪铌钽矿中铌钽矿物特征进行了研究。研究结果表明:铌铁矿-钽铁矿类质同象系列矿物,是该矿石中钽铌主要的赋存矿物,呈自形—半自形针状、粒状、不规则状,大多为单矿物呈浸染状或其聚集体呈稀疏星点状分布于矿石中,少量细晶石含铌钽金红石。矿石中钽铌矿物粒度细小,平均粒度钽铌铁矿约80μm、细晶石约13μm、含钽铌金红石约14μm。类比宜春钽铌矿床,可能具有一定的可选性。 相似文献
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福建大坪花岗斑岩体位于永定县城南部的大石凹—蓝地火山喷发盆地,具斑状结构,基质呈霏细结构、细-微粒结构。文章运用电子探针(EMPA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)等技术,对大坪岩体ZK10001钻孔中不同深度的岩石样品进行了矿物和岩石化学分析。分析结果表明,大坪岩体岩性为黑鳞云母碱长花岗斑岩,属于过铝质钙碱性花岗岩,具有较高的分异演化程度,Nb2O5和Ta2O5含量达到了花岗岩型稀有金属矿床的工业品位。铌钽矿物主要与黄玉、萤石的集合体呈稀疏浸染状、星点状产于基质间隙内,其次以星点状存在于石英和长石斑晶中。矿石矿物赋存特征与宜春钽铌矿床类似,可能具有一定的可选性和经济价值。大坪岩体的铌钽富集特征不同于斑岩型铜、钼矿床,与花岗岩型铌钽矿床也存在较大的差别,铌钽的富集过程经历了深部斑晶阶段和浅部基质阶段两阶段岩浆结晶分异作用,F等挥发分促进了铌钽在结晶残余岩浆中富集,在基质间隙间沉淀。大坪矿化岩体的发现暗示斑岩型铌钽矿床存在的可能性。 相似文献
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文章描述了一种火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿物及精矿中铌钽的方法。样品经KHSQ_4熔融,柠檬酸提取,在1000μg/ml Al存在下直接喷入N_2O—C_2H_2火焰。Al的存在不仅对Nb、Ta吸收信号有较强的增敏作用。而且还能消除Nb、Ta相互干扰及Ca、Ti、V对Nb、Ta的干扰。本法测定Nb、Ta的炅敏度分别为8.8μg/ml和13.7μg/ml。与使用有毒、危害较大的HF方法灵敏度相当或有所提高(Nb 22μg/ml、Ta 11μg/ml)。此法适合于矿物及精矿中含量大于5％Nb_2O_5和Ta_2O_5的测定。 相似文献
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湖南平江县仁里超大型伟晶岩型铌钽多金属矿床的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖南平江县仁里铌钽多金属矿床是湖南省核工业地质局311大队新发现的高品位超大型伟晶岩型稀有多金属矿床,经过多年的地质勘查,在幕阜山复式花岗岩体西南缘的仁里矿区查明伟晶岩脉140条,发现铌钽矿脉14条。对主要矿脉进行了地表槽探和深部钻探验证,具有北铌钽南锂的特征,铌钽矿体具规模大、矿体形态简单、连续性好,矿化较均匀,品位富、埋藏浅,矿石质量优及资源潜力大等特点。矿区估算(333+334)Ta2O5资源量10791 t,Nb2O5:14057 t,平均品位Ta2O5:0.036%,Nb2O5:0.047%,达到超大型规模。仁里超大型铌钽多金属矿床的发现,突破以往对大岩基难以形成和找到超大型伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床的既往认识,提出幕阜山矿集区定位于构造岩浆隆起带,仁里矿床大型层状构造与燕山期岩浆岩联合控矿、含铌钽矿伟晶岩脉形成于区域后造山构造环境的伸展构造体制的新认识,分析了区域上的找矿方向,丰富和发展了稀有金属成矿理论,为华南地区稀有金属矿产找矿实现了重大突破,使幕阜山地区有望成为我国一个新的重要铌钽等稀有金属资源基地。 相似文献
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Friedemann Freund 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1987,15(1):1-18
The dissolution of H2O and CO2 in structurally dense, nominally anhydrous and non-carbonate oxide matrices such as MgO and CaO is reviewed. H2O and CO2 are treated as gaseous oxide components which enter into solid solution with the refractory oxide hosts. They form anion complexes associated with cation vacancy sites. Evidence is presented that OH? pairs which derive from the dissolution of H2O are subject to a charge transfer (CT) conversion into peroxy moieties and molecular hydrogen, O 2 2? ... H2. Because the O 2 2? moiety is small (O?-O? distance ≈ 1.5 Å) high pressure probably favors the CT conversion. Mass spectroscopic studies show that molecular H2 may be lost from the solid which retains excess oxygen in the form of O 2 2? , leading to the release of atomic O. The dissociation of O 2 2? moieties into a vacancy-bound O? state and an unbound O? state can be followed by measuring the internal redox reactions involving transition metal impurities, the transient paramagnetism of the O? and their effect on the d.c. conductivity. Evidence is presented that CO2 molecules dissolve dissociatively in the structurally dense oxide matrix, as if they were first to dissociate into CO+O and then to form separate solute moieties CO 2 2? and O 2 2? , both associated with cation vacancy sites. In the CO 2 2? moiety (C-O? distance 1.2–1.3 Å, OCO angle ≈ 130°) the C atom probably sits off center. The transition of the C atom into interstitial sites is accompanied by dissociation of the CO 2 2? moiety into CO? and O?. This transition can be followed by infrared spectroscopy, using OH? as local probes. Further support derives from magnetic susceptibility, thermal expansion, low frequency dielectric loss and low temperature deformation measurements. The recently observed emission of O and Mg atoms besides a variety of molecules such as CO, CO2, CH4, HCN and other hydrocarbons during impact fracture of MgO single crystals is presented and discussed in the light of the other experimental data. 相似文献
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There are few inter-African country urban analyses because of the continent’s enormous size and socioeconomic diversity, language barriers, and wide variations in national and regional urban research capacity. Nevertheless, comparative urban studies are critical in understanding contemporary African urbanization. In this comparative spatial and temporal analysis of Ghana and Kenya’s urbanization, we find that both countries are urbanizing rapidly and are faced with many common urban problems. Moreover, Ghana is more urbanized than Kenya and has a larger indigenous urban imprint and a more widely dispersed urban pattern. Besides their physiographic and population conditions, we trace these countries’ convergent and divergent urban trends to their shared but unique experiences of colonialism, nationalism and globalization. 相似文献
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Using improved analytical techniques, which reduce the Re blanks by factors of 8 to 10, we report new Re-Os data on low Re and low PGE pallasites (PAL-anom) and IIIAB irons. The new pallasite samples nearly double the observed range in Re/Os for pallasites and allow the determination of an isochron of slope 0.0775 ± 0.0008 (T = 4.50 ± 0.04 Ga, using the adjusted λ187Re = 1.66 × 10−11 a−1) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09599 ± 0.00046. If the data on different groups of pallasites (including the “anomalous” pallasites) are considered to define a whole-rock isochron, their formation would appear to be distinctly younger than for the iron meteorites by ∼60 Ma. Five IIIAB irons (Acuna, Bella Roca, Chupaderos, Grant, and Bear Creek), with Re contents ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 ppb, show limited Re/Os fractionation and plot within errors on the IIAB iron meteorite isochron of slope 0.07848 ± 0.00018 (T = 4.56 ± 0.01 Ga) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09563 ± 0.00011. Many of the meteorites were analyzed also for Pd-Ag and show 107Ag enrichments correlated with Pd/Ag, requiring early formation and fractionation of the FeNi metal, in a narrow time interval, after injection of live 107Pd (t1/2 = 6.5 Ma) into the solar nebula. Based on Pd-Ag, the typical range in relative ages of these meteorites is ≤10 Ma. The Pd-Ag results suggest early formation and preservation of the 107Pd-107Ag systematics, both for IIIAB irons and for pallasites, while the younger Re-Os apparent age for pallasites suggests that the Re-Os system in pallasites was subject to re-equilibration. The low Re and low PGE pallasites show significant Re/Os fractionation (higher Re/Os) as the Re and PGE contents decrease. By contrast, the IIIAB irons show a restricted range in Re/Os, even for samples with extremely low Re and PGE contents. There is a good correlation of Re and Ir contents. The correlation of Re and Os contents for IIIAB irons shows a similar complex pattern as observed for IIAB irons (Morgan et al., 1995), and neither can be ascribed to a continuous fractional crystallization process with uniform solid-metal/liquid-metal distribution coefficients. 相似文献
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煤中气孔和镶嵌结构及其在煤变质研究中的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河南省禹县、新密和荥巩煤田山西组Ⅱ1煤的贫煤和无烟煤中,气孔发育。气孔形态有椭圆状（图版1）、圆状及不规则状（图版2）,有的几个气孔连在一起呈大的朵状气孔(图版3)。此外,在荥巩煤田西部无烟煤中还发育有镀嵌结构(图版4)。 相似文献
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利用GC-MS（气相色谱—质谱仪）,对采自湖北清江流域和尚洞洞顶的土壤样品与洞内石笋样品进行分析,发现土壤中存在的七个系列单甲基支链烷烃在所有的石笋样品中均可以找到,呈现相似的分布模式,石笋中七个系列支链烷烃有可能来自洞穴滴水携带的土壤中的支链烷烃,但是也不能排除石笋原地生长的微生物的贡献。烷基环己烷的分布在土壤与石笋中呈现了相似的分布模式,但是主峰碳数有所变化,高碳数部分与低碳数部分的相对含量也发生了变化。主要原因可能是微生物选择性降解的结果,也有可能是土壤与石笋中微生物种类分布差异所造成的。本次研究初步显示了相对封闭稳定的洞穴沉积物与上覆土壤层中生物标志化合物的异同。 相似文献
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At 31 sites in Finland the Zn content was determined of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. growing on pine and birch, the terricolous lichen Cladina spp. in pine bark, and the inner part of birch bark. The anomalous contents of Zn in H. physodes on pine and Cladina spp. in soil appeared to be strongly related to sulphide ore deposits. Anthropogenic Zn correlated closely with S and Fe in H. physodes on pine and with Fe in Cladina spp. The binding of geogenic Zn was related to iron hydroxides, and was attributed to the different uptake mechanism of S in these lichens. Elevated values of Zn in H. physodes on birch were due to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Zinc in pine bark increased with the Zn content in H. physodes and reached a limiting value. 相似文献
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Amphibole and chlorite in mafic and ultramafic rocks in the lower crust and upper mantle 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Stabilities of amphibole and chlorite in mafic and ultramafic compositions have been considered in the model system CaO+MgO+Al2O3+SiO2+H2O. From topological arguments two petrogenetic grids have been constructed. Although available experimental data in CMASH are compatible with the grid in which amphibole reacts out before chlorite in model ultramafic compositions for the pressure range 6 to 15 kbar, naturally observed mineral assemblages and some experimental data in more complex systems favour the other grid in which chlorite reacts out before amphibole at all pressures. This discrepancy between natural and model systems is due to differential movement of the dehydration equilibria of the two hydrates reflecting the variation of activity of H2O or of components other than CMASH. 相似文献
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Aqueous extraction contributes to the formation and weathering of planetary materials and renders electrolytes such as phosphate available for biology. In this context, the solubility of phosphate is measured in planetary materials, represented by the Mars meteorites Nakhla, Dar al Gani 476 (DaG 476), Elephant Morraine 79001 (EETA 79001), and terrestrial analogs, and in the Murchison CM2 and Allende CV3 carbonaceous chondrites. The Mars meteorites contain high levels of phosphate that is readily extracted by water, up to 15 mg kg−1 in Nakhla and DaG 476 and 38 mg kg−1 in EETA 79001, while the terrestrial analogs and the carbonaceous chondrites contain 0.5 to 6 mg kg−1. Correspondingly, high phosphate concentrations of 4 to >28 mg L−1 are obtained in extracts of the Mars meteorites at high solid/solution ratios, exceeding the concentrations of 0.4 to 2.0 mg L−1 in the extracts of the terrestrial analogs. A wide range of planetary conditions, including N2 and CO2 atmospheres, solid/solution ratios of 0.01 to 1.0 kg L−1, extraction times of 1 to 21 d, and temperatures of 20 to 121°C affect the amounts of extractable phosphate by factors of only 2 to 5 in most materials. Phosphate-fixing capacity and exchangeable phosphate are assessed by the isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) method, which quantifies the amount of P isotopically exchangeable within 1 min (E1min) and between 1 min and 3 months (E1min-3m) and the amount of P that cannot be exchanged within 3 months (E>3m). The IEK results show that the DaG 476 Mars meteorite and terrestrial analogs have low P-fixing capacities, while the carbonaceous chondrites have high P-fixing capacities. Aqueous processing under early planetary CO2 atmospheres has large effects on the available phosphate. For example, the fraction of total P that is exchangeable in 3 months increases from 1.6 to 11%, 13 to 51.6%, and 43.9 to 90.4% in the DaG 476 Mars meteorite, Allende, and Murchison, respectively. The results show that solutions with high phosphate concentrations can form in the pores of planetary lava ash and basalts and in carbonaceous asteroids and meteorites. These solutions can help prebiotic synthesis and early microbial nutrition. The Martian and carbonaceous chondrite materials contain sufficient phosphate for space-based agriculture. 相似文献
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Dr. Zoltan De Cserna 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1960,50(1):595-605
The evolution of the border region of part or all of a craton, on the basis of geological data gathered from Mexico, may best be described in terms of geotectonic cycles. These consist, in chronological order, of (1) an orthogeosynclinal phase (eu- and miogeosynclines) with or without initial magmatic activity, (2) an anatexitic phase consisting of batholith emplacement with attendant regional metamorphism in the eugeosyncline and deposition of a clastic or flysch wedge over the miogeosyncline, (3) an orogenic phase consisting principally of the folding and thrusting of the sediments of the miogeosyncline together with the clastic or flysch wedge against the foreland, and (4) a taphrogenic or block-faulting phase accompanied by (a) accumulation of post-orogenic debris or molasse, (b) subsequent magmatic activity consisting largely of igneous extrusions with fewer intrusions, and (c) final magmatic activity consisting of igneous extrusions. A region that has gone through the above phases of a geotectonic cycle may be termed a structural belt. In the post-Precambrian geologic history of Mexico, three geotectonic cycles are recognized: one occurred along the Pacific border of Mexico between Cambrian and middle Jurassic (?) time (Jaliscoan geotectonic cycle), the second occurred along the present Gulf of Mexico border of the country at the same time (Huastecan geotectonic cycle), and the third occurred over the entire country from the United States border to the Guatemalan border between Late Jurassic and Pliocene time (Mexican geotectonic cycle). The early Mesozoic clastic rocks in northwestern Mexico may signify a fourth geotectonic cycle in that region. In the three recognized geotectonic cycles, however, the geologic record shows only two orogenic phases, one of which occurred in late Paleozoic time in an arcuate belt along the eastern side of Mexico (Coahuilan orogeny), and the other in early Tertiary time in a belt traversing central Mexico from the United States border to the Guatemalan border (Hidalgoan orogeny). 相似文献
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公司法人治理结构是公司制的核心。本文从分析上市公司、试点企业公司法人治理设立和运作现状入手，着重分析了公司法人治理结构存在的问题和困难所在，总结经验教训，提出了建立和完善公司法人治理结构的对策建议。 相似文献