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1.
受季风槽影响,2018年8月30—31日华南地区出现一次极端暴雨过程,单日站点累计降水量达1?056.7 mm,刷新了广东有历史纪录以来新的极值。对于此次极端降水事件,常用的业务模式包括欧洲中期天气预报中心全球模式（ECMWF）、日本气象厅谱模式（JMA）和中国气象局广东快速更新同化数值预报系统（CMA-GD）,都低估了降水强度。利用深圳市气象局业务对流尺度集合预报系统分析了此次特大暴雨过程,结果表明：对流尺度集合预报系统对本次特大暴雨过程具有比较好的预报能力,概率匹配平均最大雨量达348.7 mm·(24 h)-1,集合平均的强降水中心和观测基本一致,观测极值附近区域发生大暴雨（≥150 mm）概率最大值达到80%。选取了较“好”和较“差”集合成员预报进行对比分析,发现较“好”成员预报的强降水中心位置和观测基本一致,而较“差”成员预报的降水中心位置则偏向福建地区。较 “好”成员预报出莲花山南侧地面中尺度辐合线较长时间的维持和缓慢移动,导致强降水雨团在莲花山脉附近不断地触发和维持,同时地形的阻挡作用使得对流系统在地形附近区域持续维持,造成了罕见的特大暴雨;而较“差”成员辐合区位于莲花山以北,对流形成后向东、向北移动,最终导致强降水预报位置偏向福建地区。 相似文献
2.
预报异常极端高影响天气的 “集合异常预报法”：以北京2012年7月21日特大暴雨为例 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对罕见极端高影响天气,既使一个模式有能力预报它,其数值预报也至少有以下难点:一是有多大把握确定所预报的天气是极端事件？二是其具体的定时、定量、定点预报可靠吗？本文介绍了集合预报和气候资料相结合的 “集合异常预报法”,并通过北京2012年7月21日（7.21）特大暴雨事件揭示出“集合异常预报法”和集合预报可以提供比单一模式预报更可靠和更准确的信息,从而可有效地缓解上述两大难点。作者建议中央气象台和其他有条件的台站可采用这种办法提高重大灾害性天气的预报能力。文中具体讨论了如下三方面:（1）标准化异常度（SA）的定义以及它同集合预报相结合提高对罕见极端高影响天气预报的可靠性,并由此可导出一个“社会影响矩阵”来定量地表达一个预报对社会的潜在影响;（2）利用集合预报,特别是多模式集合预报可以克服单一模式前后预报的跳跃性或不连续性问题,由此可延长实际可预报时效,如北京7.21事件超过100 mm大暴雨的实际可预报时效提前了2天;（3）SA还有助于认识异常天气发生的原因:从SA的分布看,造成北京7.21 大暴雨事件的短期天气尺度背景因素是从西北方向移来的冷锋和台风倒槽的相遇;从SA的演变看,该事件的中期大背景因素是在北京东北方向有阻塞高压发展并导致北京以西地区的低槽加强和发展（地面强冷空气堆积）,在高纬度形成了一个高、低压系统相间的波列,发展并维持,同时诱导热带系统北进。 相似文献
3.
以GRAPES中尺度有限区模式作为试验模式, 从模式的不确定性方面来构造中尺度的集合预报, 重点考虑物理因子与初始条件的扰动作用。针对2004年7月10日北京城区的突发性暴雨过程进行了36 h的集合预报试验。结果表明:GRAPES模式可有效地捕捉到中尺度过程的信息; 中尺度集合预报是可行的, 可改进中尺度暴雨过程落区、强度的预报; 不同集合方案的预报结果各不相同, 同一方案各个成员的预报结果也有差异, 即存在适宜的离散度; 在离散度分析中发现在北京附近存在一个明显大值区, 且在大气中低层的垂直结构表现出一致性, 表明这一区域的预报不确定性很大。从集合检验结果中得到:单纯考虑模式物理扰动来构造中尺度集合预报系统有一定难度, 当加入初始场不确定信息后, 同时考虑模式的不确定性和初始场的不确定性, 有助于捕捉更多的中尺度系统的不确定信息, 有助于构造更为有效的中尺度集合预报系统。 相似文献
4.
The flash flood that occurred on 12–13 November 1999 in meridional France is documented. This event caused 35 fatalities and severe damage to property as rainfall totals locally exceeded 550 mm in 24 h and 620 mm in 48 h.The main issue of the present study is to discuss how realistically the spatial and temporal rainfall distribution of this flash flood event can be represented with present state-of-the-art operational and research modeling frameworks. The predictability of the present event for different forecast ranges is investigated and sensitivity studies are conducted in order to discuss the influence of model physics (convection, microphysics), atmospheric moisture analysis and Mediterranean sea surface temperature forcing on the quality of the results. It is shown that the present event could be reasonably predicted on forecast ranges of 2–3 days as it was essentially determined by strong moisture advection from the Mediterranean coupled with frontal and orographical lifting. However, precipitation scores show significant sensitivity to both analysis errors and model physics. 相似文献
5.
2019年,数值预报中心开发了以GRAPES全球模式为驱动场,集合变换卡尔曼滤波为初值扰动方法,随机物理过程倾向项为模式扰动方法的10 km水平分辨率GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式,并投入业务运行。基于该模式,作者开展了2019年7～9月夏季降水不确定性的集合预报实时试验,并从统计检验和个例分析角度,与GRAPES-REPS V2.0和ECMWF全球集合预报模式进行对比,由此对GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式的降水预报能力给予客观评价,并分析了引起中尺度强降水预报不确定性的物理机制,研究结论可为诊断集合预报模式及改进集合预报方法提供依据。结果表明:（1）GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报系统的降水ETS评分在所有预报时效和量级内均优于GRAPES-REPS V2.0区域集合预报模式,降水成员具有明显等同性,且概率预报技巧FSS评分较高,GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式降水预报效果全面优于GRAPES-REPS V2.0区域集合预报模式。（2）GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报的集合平均降水BIAS评分及小雨和暴雨ETS评分均明显优于ECMWF全球集合预报系统,降水概率预报与ECMWF降水概率具有一定可比性。（3）个例分析结果表明,不同集合预报模式通过刻画中尺度特征物理量不确定性来捕捉降水预报不确定性,初始时刻,GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式和ECMWF全球集合预报模式环流形势分布较为相似,随预报时效演变,GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式对中尺度动力、热力场捕捉更为准确,相应地对降水落区与量级预报较好,概率预报技巧较优。（4）与ECMWF全球集合预报模式相比,GRAPES区域集合预报模式集合成员能很好地预报降水发生、发展、消亡整个过程,故GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报系统对中国汛期降水具有较强的预报能力。 相似文献
6.
局地触发及组织化发展中尺度系统的生消演变是影响对流性降水临近预报的核心和关键。本文结合雷达外推预报、专家系统以及快速循环更新的高分辨数值模式系统,发展和构造了一种适合北京地区的基于数值模式预报诊断自适应的对流性降水临近集合预报新方法（APEN）。APEN基于降水外推预报结果,采用模糊逻辑算法,利用北京市气象局快速循环更新同化系统（RMAPS-IN）提供的对流诊断因子,计算对流系统发展演变（新生、增加和减弱）概率;在此基础上,扰动诊断因子阈值和权重,形成对流发展的集合概率预报;最后综合专家经验,根据对流集合概率,在降水外推预报基础上进行对流性降水调整。应用APEN,针对北京两次强弱降水过程,进行了降水的临近预报试验,结果表明:基于RMAPS-IN多种诊断因子的对流发展集合概率在强弱两种天气背景下,都能较好的反映对流系统在临近时段的发展趋势;基于专家经验模型的三种对流发展状态（对流新生、增加和减弱）下的降水调整,能合理的表征对流系统发展演变对降水的影响。APEN降水预报和RMAPS-IN的业务预报的对比显示:无论是系统性对流过程还是局地激发对流过程,APEN预报的降水落区和强度都更接近于实况,尤其是考虑对流发展演变影响的降水强度预报明显优于RMAPS-IN,APEN在北京地区对流性降水的临近预报中有明显的优势和应用潜力。 相似文献
7.
基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,选取河南“21·7”特大暴雨事件,采用局地增长模培育法(Local Breeding Growth Mode,LBGM)生成对流尺度集合预报系统,在此基础上对24 h累积降水量进行SAL(Structure,Amplitude and Location)检验,结合预报成功指数(Threat Score,TS)、公平成功指数(Equitable Threat Score,ETS)评分等评分结果进行对比分析,综合评估集合预报成员的预报效果,表明:1)基于局地增长模培育法生成初始扰动的集合预报系统成员对于强降水预报有一定优势,在降水强度和位置的预报上与实况较接近;2)经检验,成员e003的TS和ETS评分在20日00时—21日00时(北京时,下同)和21日08时—22日08时两个强降水时段内表现最佳,并在SAL检验中对应较好的降雨强度A和雨区位置L,而成员e008暴雨TS、ETS评分最低,对应SAL检验中具有一定的位置偏差,即TS、ETS评分和SAL检验之间存在相关性,将二者有机结合,可以为业务工作中定量评估模式降水预报效果提供参考;3)通过对比整体评分表现较好的成员e003和较差的成员e008,两者预报的位势高度场与ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis v5,ERA5)再分析资料之间的差值,可以验证降水预报误差主要源于对低涡系统的预报偏差,同时预报评分较好的成员其位势高度偏差较小,综合评估效果更佳。 相似文献
8.
A convection-allowing ensemble forecast based on the breeding growth mode and associated optimization of precipitation forecast 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Xiang Li Hongrang He Chaohui Chen Ziqing Miao Shigang Bai 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(5):955-964
A convection-allowing ensemble forecast experiment on a squall line was conducted based on the breeding growth mode (BGM). Meanwhile, the probability matched mean (PMM) and neighborhood ensemble probability (NEP) methods were used to optimize the associated precipitation forecast. The ensemble forecast predicted the precipitation tendency accurately, which was closer to the observation than in the control forecast. For heavy rainfall, the precipitation center produced by the ensemble forecast was also better. The Fractions Skill Score (FSS) results indicated that the ensemble mean was skillful in light rainfall, while the PMM produced better probability distribution of precipitation for heavy rainfall. Preliminary results demonstrated that convection-allowing ensemble forecast could improve precipitation forecast skill through providing valuable probability forecasts. It is necessary to employ new methods, such as the PMM and NEP, to generate precipitation probability forecasts. Nonetheless, the lack of spread and the overprediction of precipitation by the ensemble members are still problems that need to be solved. 相似文献
9.
北京“7.21”特大暴雨不同集合预报方案的对比试验 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用6套扰动方案(初值、多物理、3组随机物理和初值与随机物理的混合)对2012年7月21日(“7.21”)北京特大暴雨过程进行了集合降水预报试验,检验了不同方案的集合平均预报、集合区间预报和概率预报较控制预报改进的相对程度,分析了它们对该过程时空不确定性的预报能力、不同扰动方法的离散度贡献以及不同尺度扰动对预报误差的贡献等。结果表明:(1)所有集合方案特别是初值扰动、多物理和混合扰动的集合预报相对控制预报在暴雨强度和位置上都有较显著的改进,并为用户决策提供了包括预报不确定性在内的更多预报信息。(2)3组随机物理产生的集合预报离散度很相似, 都远小于初值扰动和多物理方案产生的离散度, 并且主要集中在强降水中心附近, 因此在初值扰动的基础上加入随机扰动,可以提高强降水中心的离散度, 但对强降水中心以外的地区作用甚微;尺度分析进一步表明随机物理产生的离散度贡献主要集中在较小尺度上(<320 km),在更小的尺度上(<160 km)它甚至可以与初值和多物理扰动的贡献相当,而初值扰动和多物理过程的贡献可以比随机物理过程多延伸400—500 km直到较大的尺度(如>1000 km), 其中多物理过程在较小尺度上(<100 km)可比初值扰动贡献更大, 并且能部分消除预报系统偏差。(3) 所有集合扰动方案所产生的离散度尺度谱都与实际预报误差尺度谱分布一致, 即随空间尺度增大而减小,但在幅度上都小于预报误差(离散度不够大),并且这种差异随着空间尺度的减小而加速增大,在小尺度上相差甚大。 相似文献
10.
-WRF多模式集合3组试验,对比分析混合集合预报法与传统方法的降水预报效果。结果表明:ARPS模式集合改善了广东省南部局地强降水预报,该方法在中雨、大雨、暴雨量级改进效果显著。WRF模式集合对广东省北部强降水预报优于ARPS模式集合,但空报、漏报率较大,该方法有一定局限性。ARPS-WRF多模式集合在降水落区和量级预报上均优于传统方法。混合集合预报法利用低分辨率 (36 km) 集合预报和高分辨率 (12 km) 控制预报实现了高分辨率 (12 km) 集合预报,改善了降水预报效果,该方法可为业务高分辨率集合预报提供参考。 相似文献
11.
A time-lagged ensemble method is used to improve 6-15 day precipitation forecasts from the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model,version 2.0.1.The approach averages the deterministic predictions of precipitation from the most recent model run and from earlier runs,all at the same forecast valid time.This lagged average forecast （LAF） method assigns equal weight to each ensemble member and produces a forecast by taking the ensemble mean.Our analyses of the Equitable Threat Score,the Hanssen and Kuipers Score,and the frequency bias indicate that the LAF using five members at time-lagged intervals of 6 h improves 6-15 day forecasts of precipitation frequency above 1 mm d-1 and 5 mm d-1 in many regions of China,and is more effective than the LAF method with selection of the time-lagged interval of 12 or 24 h between ensemble members.In particular,significant improvements are seen over regions where the frequencies of rainfall days are higher than about 40％-50％ in the summer season; these regions include northeastern and central to southern China,and the southeastem Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
12.
短期集合预报中定量降水预报集合方法初探 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
针对短期集合预报中集合平均等方法对极端天气事件预报能力低下的缺陷，提出一种定量降水预报集合方法，简称两步法。该方法首先采用逐级归并法确定集合成员的总体相似度，进而确定集合成员预报场的延伸半径，对各成员的预报场进行修正，然后根据每个成员与其他成员的相似程度，确定各成员的权重系数。这个方法既考虑了集合成员总体的差异性又考虑了降水的概率分布。试验证明，通过上述两步得到的定量降水预报，对提高极端天气事件的预报确率有一定效果。本方法无需历史资料，能很好适应集合成员的改变，实现方便快捷。 相似文献
13.
应用1961—2017年中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径数据集、国家地面气象观测站日降水观测资料和2015年8月—2017年12月欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）集合预报系统降水极端预报指数（EFI）数据,根据百分位法定义台风影响期间福建省各站点的台风极端降水阈值,采用最小阈值法剔除台风极端降水时EFI箱线图中的异常值,保留最小值作为台风极端降水EFI阈值,建立基于EFI阈值的台风极端降水预报方法。用该方法分别对2015年8月—2017年12月和2018年登陆或影响福建台风进行台风极端降水回报和预报试验,采用TS、空报率、漏报率对回报和预报结果进行检验。结果表明:福建台风极端降水阈值由沿海向西北内陆逐渐减小,其中中北部沿海地区的阈值最大;台风日降水量与日降水EFI预报、台风极端降水时的日降水量与日降水EFI预报均存在明显的正相关,日降水EFI预报的箱线图差异指数（Ibd）也表明EFI可以较好地区分台风极端降水和非极端降水;预报试验20时（北京时）起报时效12—36、36—60、60—84和84—108 h的台风极端降水预报TS分别达到0.26、0.22、0.20和0.19,总体上略优于回报试验;台风极端降水越显著,台风极端降水预报效果越好,回报和预报都存在的不足是空报率高,主要出现在台风极端降水不明显的个例中。降水EFI预报对台风极端降水预报具有较好的指示意义,基于降水EFI阈值的台风极端降水预报产品可在业务中作为台风极端降水预报的参考。 相似文献
14.
Study on Ensemble-Based Forecast of Extremely Heavy Rainfalls in China: Experiments for July 2011 Cases 
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下载免费PDF全文 According to the Anderson-Darling principle, a method for forecast of extremely heavy rainfall (abbreviated as extreme rainfall/precipitation) was developed based on the ensemble forecast data of the T213 global ensemble prediction system (EPS) of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Using the T213 forecast precipitation data during 2007-2010 and the observed rainfall data in June-August of 2001-2010, characteristics of the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the observed and the T213 EPS forecast precipitation were analyzed. Accordingly, in the light of the continuous differences of the CDFs between model climate and EPS forecasts, a mathematical model of Extreme Precipitation Forecast Index (EPFI) was established and applied to forecast experiments of several extreme rainfall events in China during 17-31 July 2011. The results show that the EPFI has taken advantage of the tail information of the model climatic CDF and provided agreeable forecasts of extreme rainfalls. The EPFI based on the T213 EPS is useful for issuing early warnings of extreme rainfalls 3-7 days in advance. With extension of the forecast lead time, the EPFI becomes less skillful. The results also demonstrate that the rationality of the model climate CDF was of vital importance to the skill of EPFI. 相似文献
15.
James B. Gilmore Jason P. Evans Steven C. Sherwood Marie Ekström Fei Ji 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,125(3-4):809-827
In the context of regional downscaling, we study the representation of extreme precipitation in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, focusing on a major event that occurred on the 8th of June 2007 along the coast of eastern Australia (abbreviated “Newy”). This was one of the strongest extra-tropical low-pressure systems off eastern Australia in the last 30 years and was one of several storms comprising a test bed for the WRF ensemble that underpins the regional climate change projections for eastern Australia (New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory Regional Climate Modelling Project, NARCliM). Newy provides an informative case study for examining precipitation extremes as simulated by WRF set up for regional downscaling. Here, simulations from the NARCliM physics ensemble of Newy available at ～10 km grid spacing are used. Extremes and spatio-temporal characteristics are examined using land-based daily and hourly precipitation totals, with a particular focus on hourly accumulations. Of the different physics schemes assessed, the cumulus and the boundary layer schemes cause the largest differences. Although the Betts-Miller-Janjic cumulus scheme produces better rainfall totals over the entire storm, the Kain-Fritsch cumulus scheme promotes higher and more realistic hourly extreme precipitation totals. Analysis indicates the Kain-Fritsch runs are correlated with larger resolved grid-scale vertical moisture fluxes, which are produced through the influence of parameterized convection on the larger-scale circulation and the subsequent convergence and ascent of moisture. Results show that WRF qualitatively reproduces spatial precipitation patterns during the storm, albeit with some errors in timing. This case study indicates that whilst regional climate simulations of an extreme event such as Newy in WRF may be well represented at daily scales irrespective of the physics scheme used, the representation at hourly scales is likely to be physics scheme dependent. 相似文献
16.
An unprecedented heavy rainfall event occurred in Henan Province, China, during the period of 1200 UTC 19 -1200 UTC 20 July 2021 with a record of 522 mm accumulated rainfall. Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan, received 201.9 mm of rainfall in just one hour on the day. In the present study, the sensitivity of this event to atmospheric variables is investigated using the ECMWF ensemble forecasts. The sensitivity analysis first indicates that a local YellowHuai River low vortex (YHV) in the southern part of Henan played a crucial role in this extreme event. Meanwhile, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was stronger than the long-term average and to the west of its climatological position. Moreover, the existence of a tropical cyclone (TC) In-Fa pushed into the peripheral of the WPSH and brought an enhanced easterly flow between the TC and WPSH channeling abundant moisture to inland China and feeding into the YHV. Members of the ECMWF ensemble are selected and grouped into the GOOD and the POOR groups based on their predicted maximum rainfall accumulations during the event. Some good members of ECMWF ensemble Prediction System (ECMWF-EPS) are able to capture good spatial distribution of the heavy rainfall, but still underpredict its extremity. The better prediction ability of these members comes from the better prediction of the evolution characteristics (i.e., intensity and location) of the YHV and TC In-Fa. When the YHV was moving westward to the south of Henan, a relatively strong southerly wind in the southwestern part of Henan converged with the easterly flow from the channel wind between In-Fa and WPSH. The convergence and accompanying ascending motion induced heavy precipitation. 相似文献
17.
基于集合预报的中国极端强降水预报方法研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
极端强降水天气属于小概率事件,其发生具有很多不确定的因素,预报难度很大。根据Anderson-Darling检验原理研究基于集合预报资料的极端强降水天气预报方法,利用2007—2010年中国T213集合预报资料和2001—2010年6—8月中国降水观测资料,分析观测与集合预报累积概率密度分布函数的特征,建立基于集合预报与模式历史预报累积概率密度分布函数连续差异的数学模型——极端降水天气预报指数(EPFI),并对2011年7月中国极端强降水天气进行预报试验。结果表明,极端降水天气预报指数可以充分利用集合降水累积概率密度分布的尾端信息,为极端强降水提供科学合理的预报,基于中国气象局(CMA) T213集合预报的极端降水天气预报指数可提前3—7 d发出极端强降水预警信号,随着预报时效的延长,预报技巧逐渐降低。研究还表明,模式气候累积概率分布的合理性将直接影响极端强降水天气识别能力。 相似文献
18.
北京地区暴雨个例的观测敏感区研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用基于集合预报的相关方法对2009年7月23日发生在北京及周边地区的暴雨过程的观测敏感区进行了分析。通过WRF(Weather Research Forecast)三维变分方法对初始场进行随机扰动,形成30个初始集合样本,做了预报时效为12 h的集合预报。利用该方法分析检验区(北京及周边地区)累积降水[14:00(北京时间,下同)至20:00]相对于初始时刻(08:00)各基本要素的敏感性,确定感性要素及其对应的区域。研究发现初步确定的敏感性要素为水汽和温度,对应的敏感区分别位于北京的西南侧和北京的东北侧,且通过实况分析可知初步确定的敏感性要素和对应的敏感区具有明确的物理意义。还进一步通过观测系统模拟试验(OSSE)的资料同化验证所确定的敏感区,结果表明在水汽对应的敏感区内同化水汽对降水的预报结果有明显的改进;在温度对应的敏感区内同化温度,降水的预报准确率有了明显的提高,说明了初步确定的敏感性要素和敏感区的正确性。在水汽对应的敏感区内同化水汽的同时在温度对应的敏感区内同化温度,使降水预报的技巧有大幅度的提高,说明了温度和水汽的共同作用对提高降水预报准确率贡献最大。因此,通过基于集合预报的相关方法能够快速的确定敏感区。研究结果将为确定北京暴雨的观测敏感区提供参考。 相似文献
19.
In this study,an extreme rainfall event that occurred on 25 May 2018 over Shanghai and its nearby area was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model,with a focus on the effects of planetary boundary layer(PBL)physics using double nesting with large grid ratios(15:1 and 9:1).The sensitivity of the precipitation forecast was examined through three PBL schemes:the Yonsei University Scheme,the Mellor?Yamada?Nakanishi Niino Level 2.5(MYNN)scheme,and the Mellor?Yamada?Janjic scheme.The PBL effects on boundary layer structures,convective thermodynamic and large-scale forcings were investigated to explain the model differences in extreme rainfall distributions and hourly variations.The results indicated that in single coarser grids(15 km and 9 km),the extreme rainfall amount was largely underestimated with all three PBL schemes.In the inner 1-km grid,the underestimated intensity was improved;however,using the MYNN scheme for the 1-km grid domain with explicitly resolved convection and nested within the 9-km grid using the Kain?Fritsch cumulus scheme,significant advantages over the other PBL schemes are revealed in predicting the extreme rainfall distribution and the time of primary peak rainfall.MYNN,with the weakest vertical mixing,produced the shallowest and most humid inversion layer with the lowest lifting condensation level,but stronger wind fields and upward motions from the top of the boundary layer to upper levels.These factors all facilitate the development of deep convection and moisture transport for intense precipitation,and result in its most realistic prediction of the primary rainfall peak. 相似文献
20.
ECMWF极端降水预报指数在华东台风暴雨中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台风强降水易引发极端天气事件,预报的难度和不确定性都很大。选取2013—2017年影响华东的13个台风个例,研究ECMWF集合预报降水极端天气预报指数(extreme forecast index,EFI)与台风暴雨的统计关系。研究结果表明:EFI降水指数对台风暴雨的预报具有一定的指示意义,对不同时效选取不同的EFI阈值可以作为暴雨落区预报的参考依据。总体来看:EFI增大,发生强降水的可能性增大;随着预报时效的增加,EFI阈值逐渐减小。以TS评分最大为标准,分别确立了不同时效、不同等级暴雨在华东区域的预报阈值。对于24、48、72、96 h时效的暴雨预报,EFI阈值分别取0.7/0.8、0.7、0.6、0.5可以获得较高的TS评分及合理的预报偏差,因此可将它们作为不同时效暴雨预报的参考阈值。EFI与降水的气候百分位有较好的相关关系,EFI值越大,降水气候百分位值也越大。当EFI值较大时,可参考相对应气候百分位的实况降水量来估测台风降水。极端天气预报指数对极端降水天气具有较好的识别能力,可提前3～5 d提供极端降水信息。 相似文献