共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
一种新的COSMIC大气折射率资料观测误差估计方法及在GRAPES全球三维变分同化中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观测误差协方差是变分同化系统中决定分析及预报效果的关键参数之一,观测误差的估计精度直接影响变分同化分析和预报效果。分析了新息增量法(H-L法)估计全球定位系统无线电掩星这类观测点不固定资料的观测误差的适用条件,并利用1年的气象、电离层及气候星座观测系统(COSMIC)折射率资料,针对局地观测算子,估计了COSMIC折射率在南、北半球高、中、低6个纬度带四季的观测误差,分析了COSMIC折射率观测误差的纬度、高度和季节变化的特点,并将估计的折射率观测误差应用于GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System)三维变分同化系统。结果表明,折射率观测误差随高度和纬度有明显变化;在中、高纬度带,折射率观测误差有显著的季节变化:夏季折射率的观测误差约为冬季2倍,春、秋两季折射率误差具有较好的南北对称性,冬、夏两季折射率观测误差南、北半球差异较大。与GRAPES原来使用的全球平均单一的折射率观测误差相比,在GRAPES全球三维变分同化系统中使用本研究估计的较高精度的随纬度变化的COSMIC折射率观测误差能够提高GRAPES全球变分同化系统的预报水平。 相似文献
2.
为了进一步提高GRAPES_Meso的分析和预报效果,该文在GRAPES_Meso三维变分同化系统中建立了同化GNSS/RO反演的大气资料的观测算子,实现了对GNSS/RO反演的大气资料的同化应用,并通过2013年7月1个月的同化和预报试验分析了GNSS/RO反演大气资料对GRAPES_Meso模式系统分析和预报的影响。结果表明:增加了GNSS/RO反演大气资料的同化后,GRAPES_Meso位势高度场的分析误差明显减小,平均分析误差减小约8%,预报误差略有减小,平均预报误差减小约1%;湿度场的分析误差和预报误差变化不明显,常规观测资料稀少的青藏高原地区的降水预报技巧有所提高,小雨到大雨的ETS (equitable threat score) 评分提高约0.01,对全国及其他分区的降水预报技巧总体上有正效果。 相似文献
3.
In recent years, radio occultation (RO) technology making
use of global positioning system (GPS) signals has been exploited to
obtain profiles of atmospheric parameters in the neutral atmosphere.
In this paper, the RO refractivity profiles obtained from the
Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and
Climate (COSMIC) mission are statistically compared with the
observations of 38 radiosonde stations provided by the Australian
Bureau of Meteorology during the period from 15 July 2006 through 15
July 2007. Different collocation criteria are compared at first, and
COSMIC RO soundings that occur within 3 hours and 300 km of
radiosonde measurements are used for the final statistical
comparison. The overall results show that the agreements between the
COSMIC refractivity profiles and the radiosonde soundings from the
38 stations are very good at 0--30 km altitude, with mean absolute
relative refractivity deviations of less than 0.5%. Latitudinal
comparisons indicate that there are negative refractivity deviations
in the lower troposphere over the low latitude and middle latitude
regions and large standard deviations exist in the lower troposphere
of low latitude regions, which can reach up to ~6%. The
comparisons of COSMIC RO refractivity profiles and radiosonde
observations for 3 polar stations in four different seasons indicate
that the accuracy of GPS RO profiles is better in the Austral summer
and autumn than in the Austral spring and winter during the year
from September 2006 to August 2007. 相似文献
4.
Assimilation of Global Navigation Satellite Radio Occultation Observations in GRAPES: Operational Implementation 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents the design of an observation operator for assimilation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) refractivity and the related operational implementation strategy in the global GRAPES variational data assimilation system. A preliminary assessment of the RO data assimilation effect is performed. The results show that the RO data are one of the most important observation types in GRAPES, as they have a significant positive impact on the analysis and forecast at all ranges, especially in the Southern Hemisphere and the global stratosphere where in-situ measurements are lacking. The GRAPES model error cannot be controlled in the Southern Hemisphere without RO data being assimilated. In addition, it is found that the RO data play a key role in the stable running of the GRAPES global assimilation and forecast system. Even in a relatively simple global data assimilation experiment, in which only the conventional and RO data are assimilated, the system is able to run for more than nine months without drift compared with NCEP analyses. The analysis skills in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are still relatively comparable even after nine-month integration, especially in the stratosphere where the number of conventional observations decreases and RO observations with a uniform global coverage dominate gradually. 相似文献
5.
This paper presents the design of an observation operator for assimilation of global navigation satellite system(GNSS) radio occultation(RO) refractivity and the related operational implementation strategy in the global GRAPES variational data assimilation system.A preliminary assessment of the RO data assimilation effect is performed.The results show that the RO data are one of the most important observation types in GRAPES,as they have a significant positive impact on the analysis and forecast at all ranges,especially in the Southern Hemisphere and the global stratosphere where in-situ measurements are lacking.The GRAPES model error cannot be controlled in the Southern Hemisphere without RO data being assimilated.In addition,it is found that the RO data play a key role in the stable running of the GRAPES global assimilation and forecast system.Even in a relatively simple global data assimilation experiment,in which only the conventional and RO data are assimilated,the system is able to run for more than nine months without drift compared with NCEP analyses.The analysis skills in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are still relatively comparable even after nine-month integration,especially in the stratosphere where the number of conventional observations decreases and RO observations with a uniform global coverage dominate gradually. 相似文献
6.
为了探索全球定位卫星观测系统无线电掩星技术(Global Positioning System/Radio Occulta-tion,简称GPSRO)在业务数值预报模式中的应用效果,以美国NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)业务同化系统为平台,对有/无COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteor-ology,Ionosphere and Climate)GPS无线电掩星观测资料进行了一次降水过程的详细的同化对比试验。试验中GPSRO观测算子主要采用了相对简单但计算省时的局地(Local)同化技术。该个例试验表明:COSMICGPS掩星观测对分析影响较大的地区是常规观测资料较稀缺地区(如洋面),因此在这些地区GPSRO资料可以被看作是对常规观测很好的补充。同时还注意到COSMIC GPS RO资料在对流层下层对湿度场分析和预报的影响显著,在对流层中上层对风场分析也产生正面影响。这证实GPS RO资料在业务数值天气预报中应用的有效性,为我国数值预报未来开展业务GPS掩星观测资料同化提供了有益的科学参考依据。 相似文献
7.
风云三号气象卫星掩星大气产品精度的初步检验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
风云三号气象卫星C星于北京时间2013年9月23日成功发射,其上搭载了中国第一个以掩星方式探测中性大气和电离层大气的民用新型有效载荷——全球导航卫星掩星探测仪(Global Navigation Satellite System Occultation Sounder, GNOS)。GNOS可以接收GPS(Global Positioning System)导航卫星和中国北斗导航卫星信号,进而得到全球范围内的中性大气和电离层大气的探测结果。利用常规无线电探空资料,对GNOS接收GPS信号的掩星探测大气产品(包括折射率、密度、温度以及湿度廓线)进行检验,结果表明:在近地面至25 km垂直范围内,GNOS掩星大气产品折射率廓线和干大气密度廓线的平均偏差在0.5%左右,标准偏差在2%左右;温度廓线的平均偏差约为0.5 K,标准偏差约为2 K;水汽廓线的标准偏差在6 km 以下为0.25—1.0 g/kg。对于风云卫星首次尝试的掩星观测技术,GNOS掩星产品的精度基本达到预定目标,在未来还有改进的空间。 相似文献
8.
与观测气象、电离层和气候的GPS卫星计划COSMIC-1相比,COSMIC-2有更大功率的GPS接收天线,高2倍的采样率(100 Hz),小3倍的轨道倾角(24°)。因此,COSMIC-2和未来小卫星将为热带地区提供前所未有的大量无线电掩星观测资料。因为热带对流层低层水汽含量高,折射率有局地大梯度,违背大气球对称性假定,造成影响多路径现象,所以热带地区的掩星资料同化具有较大挑战性。本文首先利用之前研究中提出的影响参数多路径质量控制方法,去除热带对流层低层弯角模拟中出现影响参数多路径现象的资料,然后使用有限射线长度二维(2D)路径追踪观测算子和一维(1D)Abel变换观测算子,进行GPS弯角资料同化。结果表明,如果射线路径限制在离近地面点±300~400 km的水平距离以内,有限射线长度2D路径追踪观测算子得到的弯角模拟与2D射线追踪观测算子得到的弯角廓线之差不仅无偏,而且其标准差远比1D Abel的弯角模拟精度高。此外,无论采用1D Abel变换还是有限射线长度2D路径追踪观测算子来模拟弯角,影响参数多路径质量控制方案都能进一步改进GPS掩星弯角资料同化和预报精度。 相似文献
9.
Jincheng WANG Xingwei JIANG Xueshun SHEN Youguang ZHANG Xiaomin WAN Wei HAN Dan WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(1):44-61
The ocean surface wind(OSW) data retrieved from microwave scatterometers have high spatial accuracy and represent the only wind data assimilated by global numerical models on the ocean surface, thus playing an important role in improving the forecast skills of global medium-range weather prediction models. To improve the forecast skills of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Global Forecast System(GRAPES＿GFS), the HY-2B OSW data is assimilated into the GRAPES＿GFS four-dimensio... 相似文献
10.
We first analyzed GPS precipitable water vapor (GPS/PWV) available from a ground-based GPS observation network in Guangdong from 1 August 2009 to 27 August 2012 and then developed a method of quality control before GPS/PWV data is assimilated into the GRAPES 3DVAR system. This method can reject the outliers effectively. After establishing the criterion for quality control, we did three numerical experiments to investigate the impact on the precipitation forecast with and without the quality-controlled GPS/PWV data before they are assimilated into the system. In the numerical experiments, two precipitation cases (on 6 to 7 May, 2010 and 27 to 28 April, 2012 respectively) that occurred in the annually first raining season of Guangdong were selected. The results indicated that after quality control, only the GPS/PWV data that deviates little from the NCEP/PWV data can be assimilated into the system, has reasonable adjustment of the initial water vapor above Guangdong, and eventually improves the intensity and location of 24-h precipitation forecast significantly. 相似文献
11.
The impact of Global Positioning System data on the prediction of an extratropical cyclone: an observing system simulation experiment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we report a series of observing system simulation experiments that we conducted to assess the potential impact of Global Positioning System/meteorology (GPS/MET) refractivity data on short-range numerical weather prediction. We first conducted a control experiment using the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model MM5 at 90-km resolution on an extratropical cyclone known as the ERICA (Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic) IOP 4 storm. The results from the control experiment were then used to simulate GPS/MET refractivity observations with different spatial resolution and measurement characteristics. The simulated refractivity observations were assimilated into an 180-km model during a 6-h period, which was followed by a 48-h forecast integration. Key findings can be summarized as follows:
- • The assimilation of refractivity data at the 180-km resolution can recover important atmospheric structures in temperature and moisture fields both in the upper and lower troposphere, and, through the internal model dynamical processes, also the wind fields. The assimilation of refractivity data led to a considerably more accurate prediction of the cyclone.
- • Distributing the refractivity randomly in space and applying a line averaging did not alter the results significantly, while reducing the spatial resolution from 180 km to 360 km produced a moderately degraded result. Even at the 360-km resolution, the GPS-type refractivity data still have a notable positive impact on cyclone prediction.
- • Restricting the refractivity data to altitude 3 km and above considerably degraded its impact on cyclone prediction. This degradation was greater than the combined effects of distributing the refractivity data randomly, performing line averaging, and reducing the resolution to 360 km.
12.
Ulrich Foelsche Michael Borsche Andrea K. Steiner Andreas Gobiet Barbara Pirscher Gottfried Kirchengast Jens Wickert Torsten Schmidt 《Climate Dynamics》2008,31(1):49-65
High quality observations of the atmosphere are particularly required for monitoring global climate change. Radio occultation
(RO) data, using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, are well suited for this challenge. The special climate
utility of RO data arises from their long-term stability due to their self-calibrated nature. The German research satellite
CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload for geoscientific research (CHAMP) continuously records RO profiles since August 2001 providing
the first opportunity to create RO based climatologies for a multi-year period of more than 5 years. A period of missing CHAMP
data from July 3, 2006 to August 8, 2006 can be bridged with RO data from the GRACE satellite (Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment). We have built seasonal and zonal mean climatologies of atmospheric (dry) temperature, microwave refractivity,
geopotential height and pressure with 10° latitudinal resolution. We show representative results with focus on dry temperatures
and compare them with analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Although we have
available only about 150 CHAMP profiles per day (compared to millions of data entering the ECMWF analyses) the overall agreement
between 8 and 30 km altitude is in general very good with systematic differences <0.5 K in most parts of the domain. Pronounced
systematic differences (exceeding 2 K) in the tropical tropopause region and above Antarctica in southern winter can almost
entirely be attributed to errors in the ECMWF analyses. Errors resulting from uneven sampling in space and time are a potential
error source for single-satellite climatologies. The average CHAMP sampling error for seasonal zonal means is <0.2 K, higher
values occur in restricted regions and time intervals which can be clearly identified by the sampling error estimation approach
we introduced (which is based on ECMWF analysis fields). The total error of this new type of temperature climatologies is
estimated to be <0.5 K below 30 km. The recently launched Taiwan/U.S. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC constellation of 6 RO satellites started
to provide thousands of RO profiles per day, but already now the single-satellite CHAMP RO climatologies improve upon modern
operational climatologies in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere and can act as absolute reference climatologies for
validation of more bias-sensitive climate datasets and models. 相似文献
13.
由于气象台站信息变化以及观测规范的频繁变动, 使中国地面气象资料序列比较复杂。该文在分析中国地面历史气象资料中可能存在的非均一性和错误性、研究月气候资料序列存在的可能分布状态的基础上, 提出了中国地面月气候资料质量控制技术。通过分析认为, 中国地面月气候资料的质量控制, 应把下列3种方式结合起来, 进行综合质量检测:①把12个月的气候资料序列联合起来, 进行长时间连续性错误资料检测; ②把时间序列变换为接近正态分布的均一序列后, 进行时间域和空间域的奇异值检测; ③对检测出的连续性可疑资料和单个数据点的奇异值进行人工分析辨别。利用上述质量控制方法, 对1971—2000年中国地面700多基准基本站月统计气候资料进行了质量检查, 最后介绍了质量检查结果。 相似文献
14.
针对GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)模式三维变分系统高层背景场温湿廓线外推方案的局限性,提出以气候垂直廓线重新构造高层温湿垂直结构,以减小外推方案的偏差。首先采用一维变分同化系统,展开模拟实验:分析目前模式中使用的外推方案误差及其对反演结果的影响,利用高层大气气候廓线构造垂直结构并分析同化偏差。最后,运用GRAPES全球分析预报系统进行同化实验并分析改进程度。结果显示:模拟研究表明采用高层背景场温湿廓线外推方案与实际观测相比最大偏差在1 h Pa附近可达数十度以上,不仅影响平流层,而且对对流层也有影响;用气候温度数据修正GRAPES高层温度数据,可以减少50%以上的偏差,证明了用气候值高层数据优化现行GRAPES模式中同化系统高层插值方案的可行性。全球GRAPES三维变分同化试验结果显示,改进方案不仅显著的改善平流层分析质量,对对流层中高层也有改进。 相似文献
15.
16.
利用COSMIC掩星资料研究青藏高原地区大气边界层高度 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以往关于青藏高原边界层的研究都是基于个别站点的常规观测,对青藏高原边界层的整体性认识受限。GPS掩星资料具有测量精度高和垂直分辨率高的特性,其廓线中含有大量有价值的边界层信息。利用2007—2013年COSMIC掩星资料,通过计算大气折射率最小梯度来确定边界层高度,并用无线电探空资料对结果进行了检验。在此基础上,对青藏高原地区边界层高度的特征及其形成机制展开了研究,比较了COSMIC掩星确定的边界层高度和ERA-Int的差别,讨论了最小梯度法用于边界层研究的不确定性。结果表明:青藏高原上COSMIC掩星和无线电探空数据检测的边界层高度相关系数为0.786,平均值偏差为0.049 km,均方根误差为0.363 km,COSMIC掩星数据检测的边界层高度和无线电探空的结果非常接近。青藏高原上边界层高度呈现西高东低的分布特征,高原中西部边界层高度主要为1.8—2.3 km,而高原东部边界层为1.4—1.8 km,最大值在高原西南部。青藏高原地区边界层有明显的季节差异,冬季高原上大部分地区边界层高度超过2.0 km;春季大部分地区高度降低,但在受印度季风影响的高原南部有明显的抬升,最大值可超过3.0 km;夏季高原上边界层高度开始升高,大部分地区超过1.8 km;秋季又开始回落。青藏高原以北塔克拉玛干沙漠和高原以南印度季风活动区是两个高值区,北部的沙漠地区边界层高度在夏季最高,南部印度季风活动区在季风爆发前（4月）达到全年最大值。青藏高原中西部地区有水平风辐合以及广泛的上升运动,为边界层的发展提供了动力条件,而东部的下沉运动对边界层的发展有抑制作用。青藏高原边界层各个季节的空间分布与地表感热通量分布一致。COSMIC掩星资料确定的边界层高度和ERA-Int相比,空间分布基本一致但ERA-Int边界层高度明显偏低。当有系统性强逆温存在的时候,或者云中液态水或冰水含量较大时,用最小梯度法检测的边界层高度不确定性增加。 相似文献
17.
利用2016年1月1日至2020年10月1日GPS无线电掩星观测、探空观测、美国微波综合反演系统(MiRS)卫星微波资料反演产品、美国国家环境预报中心全球预报系统(Global Forecast System,GFS)分析资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析资料这5种资料,采用“三角帽”方法,估计GPS掩星资料的观测误差,分析了资料集之间偏差和误差相关性对观测误差估计值的影响。结果表明,用MiRS资料替代ERA5再分析资料后所得到的掩星观测误差大于用掩星、探空观测、GFS分析和ERA5再分析资料的掩星观测误差。掩星观测误差随纬度增加而减小。本文对即将到来的掩星资料的合理应用具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
微波辐射计具有24 h不间断工作、时间分辨率高等优点,是常规探空的有益补充。天线罩上的积水、无线电干扰等会导致微波辐射计探测数据出现错误。因此,开展质量控制是合理使用微波辐射计探测资料的基础。该文利用上海宝山站历史探空资料和世博园站MP-3000A型地基微波辐射计温湿度数据,设计了极值、时间一致性、空间一致性检查等适用于微波辐射计探测资料的质量控制方法,针对2012年1月-2013年12月降水、有云（有云无降水）、晴空等不同天气条件下得到的微波辐射计探测资料分别开展质量控制,并对质量控制效果进行定量分析。结果表明:上述方法能有效查找温（湿）度超过极值、温（湿）度突变、温度层际变化大等各类疑误廓线,疑误廓线类型和频数与天气条件有关,其中降水天气的各类疑误廓线频数远远高于无降水天气（有云和晴空）。去除疑误廓线后,与同期探空资料的相关系数增加,均方根误差减小。 相似文献
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R. E. Treadon 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1996,60(1-3):57-86
Summary The impact of assimilating Goes Precipitation Index (GPI) rain rates in the National Meteorological Center Global Data Assimilation System (NMC GDAS) via physical initialization is explored. Reverse algorithms of the simplified Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization and the parameterized surface fluxes are developed in order to assimilate the GPI data over the tropics during the six hour forecasts linking successive GDAS analyses. Results from two experiments show improvements to both analyses and forecasts when GPI rain rates are assimilated.With 16 Figures 相似文献
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Using the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and radio occultation(RO) refractivity data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate-2(COSMIC-2) mission from January 2020 to December 2021, the spatial and temporal variability of Marine Boundary Layer Heights(MBLHs) over the tropical and subtropical oceans are investigated. The MBLH detection method is based on the wavelet covariance transform(WCT)algorithm, while the distinctness(DT) parameter, which refl... 相似文献