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1.
Much is done nowadays to provide cyclists with safe and sustainable road infrastructure. Its development requires the investigation of road usage and interactions between traffic commuters. This article is focused on exploiting crowdsourced user‐generated data, namely GPS trajectories collected by cyclists and road network infrastructure generated by citizens, to extract and analyze spatial patterns and road‐type use of cyclists in urban environments. Since user‐generated data shows data‐deficiencies, we introduce tailored spatial data‐handling processes for which several algorithms are developed and implemented. These include data filtering and segmentation, map‐matching and spatial arrangement of GPS trajectories with the road network. A spatial analysis and a characterization of road‐type use are then carried out to investigate and identify specific spatial patterns of cycle routes. The proposed analysis was applied to the cities of Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Osnabrück (Germany), proving its feasibility and reliability in mining road‐type use and extracting pattern information and preferences. This information can help users who wish to explore friendlier and more interesting cycle patterns, based on collective usage, as well as city planners and transportation experts wishing to pinpoint areas most in need of further development and planning. 相似文献
2.
地图个性化认知是地图设计与地图可用性研究中的重要问题。本文以二维电子地图为例,针对不同样式地图原型对特定用户的认知适合度问题进行研究。以交叉组合设计的4种地图原型为素材进行单因素组内眼动试验设计,采用Tobii X120眼动仪获取目标点周围兴趣区内的首次进入时间、首次注视时间和首次鼠标点击时间等眼动(行为)参数,通过描述统计、方差分析等多元数理统计分析进行量化计算,发现地图样式对首次进入时间、首次注视时间、首次鼠标点击时间均有显著影响,说明用户对不同样式地图的认知效果在认知敏感程度、注意程度、信息加工速度方面都存在一定差异。而后,本文进一步寻求认知心理学理论依据,并绘制眼动热点图、统计均值图、折线图、雷达图等可视化图形,将上述结论进行直观表示。本文的研究工作表明,不同地图的认知效果因人而异,地图设计必须考虑用户的个性化认知特点。 相似文献
3.
Simon Moncrieff Geoff West James Cosford Narelle Mullan Andrew Jardine 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2014,7(4):294-315
In this paper, we detail the design and the implementation of an open source, server-side web mapping framework for the analysis of health data. The framework forms part of a larger project, the goal of which is to provide an analytical web geographical information system (GIS) that enables health experts to analyse spatial aspects of health data. The aim of the framework is to provide a method for the dynamic and flexible spatial visualisation of health data to facilitate data exploration and analysis. Consequently, a dynamic thematic web mapping technique, an extension to the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web map service standard, was developed. The technique combines a data query, processing technique and styling methodology on the fly to generate a thematic map. The resulting thematic map represents a virtual map layer that enables a user to rapidly visually summarise properties of a data-set. A test web interface was developed to assess the efficacy of the web mapping technique. As the dynamic web mapping method builds on existing OGC web mapping standards, it can be readily integrated with the existing lightweight slippy map web clients and virtual globes. 相似文献
4.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):153-156
AbstractThere is currently a high demand for spatial data usage within web applications. From a technical viewpoint, web services and geoportals aim to fulfil user requirements; however, the current cartographic methods do not satisfy the needs of the end users. The problem is more challenging when the final map contains data from various sources that have various cartographic characteristics; therefore, the vital information might be located under the base map layer. In this paper, we propose the concept of layer priorities as foreground, middle ground or background, and we propose the two following methods to enhance the symbolisation: polygon overlay and colour saturation methods. The results from two case studies show that these methods can satisfy the requirements of the end users. 相似文献
5.
David Forrest 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):213-214
In recent years, the concepts of usability, user experience, and user-centricity have gained in interest. Digital applications, developed in line with criteria related to these approaches, ask for a deeper understanding of users and their requirements. But, even though there is a wide range of methods available, the creation of user-centric applications with good usability and user experience still poses great challenges for developers. This is also true for web maps, i.e. web map applications, which today are ubiquitous on the Internet. They have evolved into an important information and communication tool and address users who do not possess any specific knowledge of Geoinformatics (GI) or Cartography. Despite the efforts made to meet the requirements and preferences of laymen, these users still often face problems when dealing with web map applications. This refers to aspects of design, content, and functionality. Here, participatory design, which is well-known in the field of Software and Web Engineering, might provide a suitable means. By engaging users directly and actively in the application development process, developers are able to gain a profound understanding of the users and their needs. However, there are several open questions regarding the use of participatory design for designing and implementing web map applications: What does the use of participatory design in web map development processes look like in detail? How and to what degree can users be involved in the development processes? Which added values exist? These questions are addressed by the project YouthMap 5020, whose main goal it was to create a prototype youth-centric web map for the Austrian city of Salzburg (zip code 5020). Applying the approach of participatory design, about 120 teenage pupils from several local schools were involved in all kinds of tasks related to the phases of generating the youth-centric Salzburg web city map. Experience and knowledge gained thereby allowed elaborating recommendations generally useful for generating youth-centric web map applications. 相似文献
6.
Access to GIS data from mobile platforms continues to be a challenge and there is a wide range of fields where it is extremely useful. In this work, we combined three key aspects: climate data sensors, mobile platforms and spatial proximity operations. We published and made use of a web 2.0 network of climate data, where content is user‐collected, by means of their meteorological stations, and exposed as available information for the virtual community. Moreover, we enriched this data by giving the users the opportunity to directly inform the system with different climate measures. In general, management of this type of information from a mobile application could result in an important decision tool, as it enables us to provide climate‐related data according to a context and a geographical location. Therefore, we implemented a native mobile application for iPhone and iPad platforms by using ArcGIS SDK for iOS and by integrating a series of ArcGIS webmaps, which allows us to perform geospatial queries based on the user's location, offering, at the same time, access to all the data provided by the climate data sensor network and from direct users. 相似文献
7.
为解决网络地图个性化推荐过程中点状符号用户兴趣分析结果准确性低的问题,提出了一种基于眼动数据的网络地图点状符号用户兴趣分析方法。利用空间认知测试法筛选39名认知能力一致的被试者参与实验,使用眼动仪采集被试者在浏览4类点状符号素材过程中的眼动数据,同时记录被试者的鼠标数据;分别计算时间、次数与尺寸类型眼动数据用户兴趣度,利用熵权法将3类数据进行整合,设计了一种基于多项眼动数据的用户兴趣度计算方法。研究结果表明,用户兴趣度分析结果正确率为85.9%,优于鼠标数据,证明所提方法能够有效分析用户兴趣,点状符号用户兴趣度计算公式稳定可靠,有助于提升个性化推荐结果的准确度。 相似文献
8.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):133-136
Over the recent years, spatial data have become more accessible to members of the public, and there is an increased awareness that spatial data are an essential ingredient in the development of governance policies. In parallel, computing devices that can render real-time 3D environments in nearly photo-realistic quality have become a common household item. Integrating spatial data and virtual environments opens the possibility of presenting spatial data in a highly visual way—the same way we experience our everyday world. We have developed a landscape planning tool called SIEVE (Spatial Information and Visualization Environment), which allows users to explore existing spatial data and hypothetical future scenarios in a real-time 3D environment, links to environmental process models outcomes, and also provides a collaborative decision-making environment. SIEVE has an automatic model-building component that allows users to select a region on a 2D map using a web portal and to download automatically generated 3D landscape environments. SIEVE not only models above-ground features but also incorporates underground features. This allows users to see the connection between below- and above-ground processes. Lastly, SIEVE incorporates a multi-user environment that allows users from different locations to gather in the virtual landscapes for exploring and decision-making purposes. 相似文献
9.
The implementation of social network applications on mobile platforms has significantly elevated the activity of mobile social networking. Mobile social networking offers a channel for recording an individual’s spatiotemporal behaviors when location-detecting capabilities of devices are enabled. It also facilitates the study of time geography on an individual level, which has previously suffered from a scarcity of georeferenced movement data. In this paper, we report on the use of georeferenced tweets to display and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of daily user trajectories. For georeferenced tweets having both location information in longitude and latitude values and recorded creation time, we apply a space–time cube approach for visualization. Compared to the traditional methodologies for time geography studies such as the travel diary-based approach, the analytics using social media data present challenges broadly associated with those of Big Data, including the characteristics of high velocity, large volume, and heterogeneity. For this study, a batch processing system has been developed for extracting spatiotemporal information from each tweet and then creating trajectories of each individual mobile Twitter user. Using social media data in time geographic research has the benefits of study area flexibility, continuous observation and non-involvement with contributors. For example, during every 30-minute cycle, we collected tweets created by about 50,000 Twitter users living in a geographic region covering New York City to Washington, DC. Each tweet can indicate the exact location of its creator when the tweet was posted. Thus, the linked tweets show a Twitter users’ movement trajectory in space and time. This study explores using data intensive computing for processing Twitter data to generate spatiotemporal information that can recreate the space–time trajectories of their creators. 相似文献
10.
Remote sensing is a useful tool for monitoring changes in land cover over time. The accuracy of such time-series analyses has hitherto only been assessed using confusion matrices. The matrix allows global measures of user, producer and overall accuracies to be generated, but lacks consideration of any spatial aspects of accuracy. It is well known that land cover errors are typically spatially auto-correlated and can have a distinct spatial distribution. As yet little work has considered the temporal dimension and investigated the persistence or errors in both geographic and temporal dimensions. Spatio-temporal errors can have a profound impact on both change detection and on environmental monitoring and modelling activities using land cover data. This study investigated methods for describing the spatio-temporal characteristics of classification accuracy. Annual thematic maps were created using a random forest classification of MODIS data over the Jakarta metropolitan areas for the period of 2001–2013. A logistic geographically weighted model was used to estimate annual spatial measures of user, producer and overall accuracies. A principal component analysis was then used to extract summaries of the multi-temporal accuracy. The results showed how the spatial distribution of user and producer accuracy varied over space and time, and overall spatial variance was confirmed by the principal component analysis. The results indicated that areas of homogeneous land cover were mapped with relatively high accuracy and low variability, and areas of mixed land cover with the opposite characteristics. A multi-temporal spatial approach to accuracy is shown to provide more informative measures of accuracy, allowing map producers and users to evaluate time series thematic maps more comprehensively than a standard confusion matrix approach. The need to identify suitable properties for a temporal kernel are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Geographic services based on GPS trajectory data, such as location prediction and recommender services, have received increasing attention because of their potential social and commercial benefits. In this study, a Geographic Service Recommender Model (GSRM) is proposed, which loosely comprises three essential steps. Firstly, location sequences are obtained through a clustering operation on GPS locations. To improve efficiency, a programming model with a distributed algorithm is employed to accelerate the clustering. Secondly, in order to mine spatial and temporal information from the cluster trajectory, an algorithm (MiningMP) is designed. Last but not least, the next possible location to which the user will travel is predicted. An integrated framework of GSRM could then be constructed and provide the appropriate geographic recommendation service by considering location sequences as well as other related semantic information. Experiments were conducted based on real GPS trajectories from Microsoft Research Asia (182 users within a period of five years). The experimental results clearly demonstrate that our proposed GSRM model is effective and efficient at predicting locations and can provide users with personalized smart recommendation services in the following possible position with excellent performance in scalability, adaptability, and quality of service. 相似文献
12.
为准确表达用户兴趣,提升网络地图个性化服务效率,本文结合用户的操作行为与视觉行为,探讨了用户兴趣获取的原理与方法。结合Web日志与眼动数据的特点,提取网络地图的用户兴趣特征项,并利用熵权法对用户兴趣度进行估计。通过向量空间模型,构建网络地图用户兴趣模型,并开展验证实验对用户兴趣建模方法进行验证。 相似文献
13.
为了提高服务能力和保障水平,对地理国情监测成果资源进行整合,使其在经济社会发展、民生需求中发挥整体效应。针对目前公众地理信息服务和用户需求,本文构想一个通用的智能专题地图开放服务平台,开创交互式地图,实现一键式制作专业地图,面向企业机构和个人用户提供在线地图与地理信息服务,从而辅助业务决策,打造企业或个人专属地图应用。依托信息丰富的地理国情监测成果数据,实现交互式地图应用,面向机关、企业机构和个人用户提供免费、便捷的在线地理信息服务。通过快速准确的数据匹配,展现地理位置和专题数据的空间关系。让各种用户数据、专题数据内容在地理空间上图文并茂地展示,从而起到辅助业务决策、分析和解决实际问题的作用。本文构想的平台能够加强地理国情监测成果应用推广,满足国民经济和社会信息化建设对测绘工作的需求,推动我国测绘行业成果应用。 相似文献
14.
移动轨迹聚类方法研究综述 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
轨迹数据是人类移动行为的表征,能够映射出人的出行模式和社会属性等信息。怎样有效挖掘轨迹数据蕴藏的人类活动规律一直是研究的热点。通过轨迹聚类发现行为相似的类簇,从而探究群体的移动模式是轨迹挖掘和深度应用常见的方法之一。本文首先根据轨迹数据的特点,将轨迹数据模型分为轨迹点模型和轨迹段模型,并据此定义相应的相似性度量：空间相似性度量和时空相似性度量;然后,对两类模型的聚类方法进行了综述,并总结不同聚类算法的优缺点,以期为不同应用选取聚类算法提供科学依据;最后对移动轨迹数据聚类方法研究的发展趋势进行了讨论。 相似文献
15.
In this paper,we focus on trajectories at intersections regulated by various regulation types such as traffic lights,priority/yield signs,and right-of-way rules.We test some methods to detect and recognize movement patterns from GPS trajectories,in terms of their geometrical and spatio-temporal components.In particular,we first find out the main paths that vehicles follow at such locations.We then investigate the way that vehicles follow these geometric paths(how do they move along them).For these scopes,machine learning methods are used and the performance of some known methods for trajectory similarity measurement(DTW,Hausdorff,and Fréchet distance)and clustering(Affinity propagation and Agglomerative clustering)are compared based on clustering accuracy.Afterward,the movement behavior observed at six different intersections is analyzed by identifying certain movement patterns in the speed-and time-profiles of trajectories.We show that depending on the regulation type,different movement patterns are observed at intersections.This finding can be useful for intersection categorization according to traffic regulations.The practicality of automatically identifying traffic rules from GPS tracks is the enrichment of modern maps with additional navigation-related information(traffic signs,traffic lights,etc.). 相似文献
16.
基于MRF随机场和广义混合模型的遥感图像分级聚类 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
有限混合模型FM的分级聚类已广泛应用于不同领域,然而,它的计算复杂度与观测数据的平方成正比,因此,在海量数据方面的应用就受到了限制。另一方面,多光谱图像数据中同时包含有空间和光谱两类信息,但大多数基于像素的多光谱图像聚类方法,仅使用了其频谱信息而忽视了空间信息。本文提出了一种新的基于广义有限混合模型GFM的分级聚类方法,该算法把MRF随机场和GFM模型结合在一起,分类数可以通过PLIC准则自动确定。算法在执行过程中,采用K均值聚类方式获得过分类图像,分级聚类从过分类图像开始,代替原来从单点类开始的方式,这样可以方便获取GFM模型成分密度的初始参数。最后,采用由Gibbs采样器生成的仿真测试图对算法的精度进行了定量评价,通过与K均值聚类和FM聚类的比较说明了本文算法的优越性,同时用荷兰Flevoland农业地区的极化SAR图像验证了本文算法的有效性。 相似文献
17.
互联网的发展要求提供个性化的网络地图自动制图服务。文中运用Web Servers和专家知识库耦合技术研究面向需求的启发式网络地图自动制图原理和方法,该方法将不同用户的网络地图需求视为对地理空间信息一系列的启发式再识别过程,提取出相应的需求参数建立用户兴趣模型,并运用相关算法实现数据的加载以及对地理实体的符号化表示。实践表明,该系统实例可以改善互联网上面向用户需求的个性化网络地图自动制图服务。 相似文献
18.
Christopher Bone Alan Ager Ken Bunzel Lauren Tierney 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(1):47-62
The volume of publically available geospatial data on the web is rapidly increasing due to advances in server-based technologies and the ease at which data can now be created. However, challenges remain with connecting individuals searching for geospatial data with servers and websites where such data exist. The objective of this paper is to present a publically available Geospatial Search Engine (GSE) that utilizes a web crawler built on top of the Google search engine in order to search the web for geospatial data. The crawler seeding mechanism combines search terms entered by users with predefined keywords that identify geospatial data services. A procedure runs daily to update map server layers and metadata, and to eliminate servers that go offline. The GSE supports Web Map Services, ArcGIS services, and websites that have geospatial data for download. We applied the GSE to search for all available geospatial services under these formats and provide search results including the spatial distribution of all obtained services. While enhancements to our GSE and to web crawler technology in general lie ahead, our work represents an important step toward realizing the potential of a publically accessible tool for discovering the global availability of geospatial data. 相似文献
19.
在海量空间数据的组织与表达方面,与传统的空间数据模型与方法相比,地球剖分网格表现出了极大的优势。鉴此,本文提出了一种剖分网格下顾及用户兴趣的矢量地图多尺度表达方法,首先利用大量POI数据构建空间兴趣场模型,描述用户对地理信息的兴趣的空间分布;然后对空间要素进行分类分级,确定其表达的尺度范围;运用GeoSOT剖分理论划分不同层次的剖分面片,建立剖分面片与尺度的对应关系,根据用户对剖分面片所在区域的兴趣度大小,表达不同详细程度的空间要素,实现基于用户兴趣的空间数据多尺度表达。实验表明,该方法能够满足用户由概略到详细、由重要到次要的空间认知需求,同时能够获得较好的多尺度表达效果。 相似文献
20.
Crowdsourcing geospatial data 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
In this paper we review recent developments of crowdsourcing geospatial data. While traditional mapping is nearly exclusively coordinated and often also carried out by large organisations, crowdsourcing geospatial data refers to generating a map using informal social networks and web 2.0 technology. Key differences are the fact that users lacking formal training in map making create the geospatial data themselves rather than relying on professional services; that potentially very large user groups collaborate voluntarily and often without financial compensation with the result that at a very low monetary cost open datasets become available and that mapping and change detection occur in real time. This situation is similar to that found in the Open Source software environment.We shortly explain the basic technology needed for crowdsourcing geospatial data, discuss the underlying concepts including quality issues and give some examples for this novel way of generating geospatial data. We also point at applications where alternatives do not exist such as life traffic information systems. Finally we explore the future of crowdsourcing geospatial data and give some concluding remarks. 相似文献