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1.
韩国海洋机构经历了综合、分散到集中综合管理的发展过程,海洋综合管理能力和海上控制力量逐步加强,而且随着各个阶段韩国海洋发展战略的提出并得到逐步实施,其海洋技术和海洋产业也得到了长足发展,有力地促进了韩国海洋开发和海洋产业体系形成,为韩国经济的高速发展提供了坚实的基础,同时也为我国海洋机构调整提供了借鉴。由于韩国海洋经济发展增强了其海洋扩张能力和步伐,对我国海洋权益维护和海洋经济发展等方面都带来一定程度的影响,我国应借鉴韩国强化海洋机构和制定实施海洋战略促进海洋开发和海洋经济发展等方面的经验,提高海洋意识,构建现代海洋观念,加快海洋综合管理机构建立,制定实施海洋发展战略。 相似文献
2.
全面提升海洋综合探测与研究能力——中国科学院海洋先导专项进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国科学院海洋先导专项的主要任务是针对国家对海洋的战略需求,瞄准海洋领域国际前沿问题,建立海洋综合探测与研究体系,从海洋系统的角度研究海洋的各种现象、过程和规律、提出应对措施。海洋科学的发展在很大程度上依赖于技术的进步和装备水平的发展,能力建设是实现海洋先导专项科学目标的前提和基础。本文重点介绍海洋专项实施以来在能力建设方面的主要进展,包括近海与深远海观测网建设、深海综合探测与研究平台体系建设、海洋装备研发,以及随着能力建设水平的提高所带来的科学认知上的突破。通过科学目标与技术研发的有机结合、国家海洋战略目标与基础科学发展的有机结合、海洋科学与经济社会发展有机结合的实践,海洋先导专项全面提升了我国海洋综合探测与研究的能力,为深入认知、预测、预警预报、综合管控、开发和保护海洋奠定了基础,推动我国海洋科技向纵深发展,从陆架边缘海走向广袤的深海大洋,从中国近海所面临的资源环境与可持续发展问题到探索全球海洋运作机制与未来海洋发展战略。 相似文献
3.
英国海洋综合能力建设状况 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
英国是世界上的海洋强国之一,自古以来就十分重视海洋的综合利用和资源开发。近年来,其又加强了海洋综合能力的建设。本文简介了英国在海洋管理、海洋科技、海洋军事等方面的能力建设。 相似文献
4.
现在世界许多国家把海洋管理看作是一个综合系统,认为要综合推进海洋相关政策,并积极寻求推进方案.根据这样的趋势为实现海洋的综合管理,特别要寻求海洋政策机构一元化道路.韩国海洋水产部成立前在韩国实行的是比较分散的管理模式,这样根据业务种类分级管理的体制由于管理权限模糊以及管理职责重复导致海洋管理效率比较低.1996年韩国成立海洋水产部成为世界上唯一实行海洋管理综合体制的国家,其推行的综合海洋管理体制成为许多国家的样板.中国现行的管理体制与韩国海洋水产部成立前的管理模式有许多相似之处.本文通过对韩国海洋管理体制的考察和对中韩两国海洋管理体制的分析,提出中国海洋管理体制改革的一些建设性意见. 相似文献
5.
于青松 《海洋与海岸带开发》2012,(2):19-21
全国海洋工作会议于2011年12月26日在北京召开,国家海洋局刘赐贵局长在工作报告中充分肯定了2011年海域管理工作取得的成绩,即作为海洋综合管控能力建设的主要组成部分,海域管理各项工作在过去的一年里得到全面推进,海洋综合管控能力稳步增强; 相似文献
6.
区域海洋减灾能力评估指标体系构建与权重量化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为有效开展防灾减灾,需要充分了解区域海洋减灾能力现状,从而科学确定未来减灾能力建设的优先领域及重点工程。首先梳理了能力评估与灾害管理阶段、能力建设优先领域、能力评估对象与建设主体等要素之间的关系,以及评估指标体系共性设计与区域个性的关系;其次,通过组织部门及地方的相关减灾机构与专家开展多方参与式讨论,综合了海洋、水文、气象、民政、应急、教育及综合减灾等多个领域专家的减灾经验,构建了区域海洋减灾能力评估三级指标体系,包括6个一级指标、21个二级指标及136个三级指标;然后,基于专家问卷(有效问卷69份)及层次分析(AHP)方法,量化了三级指标体系中各指标的权重。区域海洋减灾能力评估三级指标体系及指标权重成果已在相关市县开展了评估试点应用,为未来在全国范围开展区域海洋减灾能力评估奠定了良好基础。 相似文献
7.
全国海洋工作会议于2011年12月26日在北京召开,国家海洋局刘赐贵局长在工作报告中充分肯定了2011年海域管理工作取得的成绩,即作为海洋综合管控能力建设的主要组成部分,海域管理各项工作在过去的一年里得到全面推进,海洋综合管控能力稳步增强; 相似文献
8.
海洋数值预报系统是国家科学与技术综合能力的体现，运动耦合与资料同化是数值预报系统的两个关键问题，目前，我国在运动耦合领域处于国际前沿。当前已经具备了建立我国鲜明特色的海洋动力环境预报系统的理论和数值模式基础。日前在北京召开的首次全国海洋科技大会明确提出：进一步提高海洋环境与灾害的预警报服务能力，提高对海洋自然现象和变化规律的认知水平。这一要求必将推动我国海洋动力环境要素的预报能力建设。 相似文献
9.
海南陵水县区位和资源优势明显,在海洋经济发展和海洋生态文明建设中优势独特。文章在分析海南陵水建设海洋强县的优势条件的基础上,指出了建设海洋强县存在的问题,最后为加快实现海洋大县向海洋强县的跨越,从如下几个方面探讨了建设海洋强县的对策措施:陆海统筹,科学开发利用蓝色国土空间;发展壮大海洋渔业,构建现代渔业格局;充分利用独特的海洋资源环境,发展滨海旅游业;加强新村港整治,充分发挥国家级中心渔港的综合效益;加强海洋生态环境保护力度,推进海洋生态文明建设;加强海洋管理,提高海洋综合管控能力;实施科技兴海战略,提高海洋经济的质量和效益;加强海洋文化建设,提高海洋意识。 相似文献
10.
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
16.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
17.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
18.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
19.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
20.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献