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QK-1天然气水合物钻探试验井位于西藏羌塘盆地毕洛错地区,主要钻遇中侏罗统夏里组粉砂质泥岩和布曲组灰岩。其有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度等有机地球化学特征表明,南羌塘地区中侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度偏低,夏里组泥岩TOC介于0.26%~0.38%之间,达到差-中烃源岩标准,而布曲组灰岩TOC介于0.02%~0.08%之间,仅局部达到差烃源岩标准;两个组的烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2型及Ⅲ型,较利于天然气的生成,其中夏里组的生气能力优于布曲组;该区烃源岩热演化程度较高,Ro为1.31%~1.63%之间,均达到高成熟阶段,而夏里组有可能已进入干气阶段。基于冻土区天然气水合物成藏条件分析,综合考虑夏里组烃源岩及沉积厚度特征,认为中侏罗统夏里组具备良好的天然气水合物勘探前景。 相似文献
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对南羌塘侏罗系布曲组和夏里组烃源岩氯仿沥青"A"组分碳同位素分析表明,碳同位素主要受有机母质及沉积环境影响,夏里组烃源岩氯仿沥青"A"组分的碳同位素较重,而布曲组烃源岩氯仿沥青"A"中族组分的碳同位素组成相对较轻。并且它们普遍存在碳同位素逆转现象,夏里组烃源岩氯仿沥青"A"组分的碳同位素逆转表现为:δ13C饱和烃δ13C非烃δ13C芳烃δ13C沥青质,主要受有机质母源控制;布曲组烃源岩氯仿沥青"A"组分的碳同位素逆转表现为:δ13C非烃δ13C沥青质δ13C饱和烃δ13C芳烃,主要与生物降解作用有关。 相似文献
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西藏南羌塘盆地侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
依据剖面露头样品的实验测试资料,通过Rock-Eval岩石评价、显微镜下观察、镜质体反射率、烃源岩可溶有机质特征、单体烃碳同位素等分析方法,对南羌塘盆地侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征进行综合研究。研究结果表明:南羌塘盆地侏罗系烃源岩有机质丰度较低,总体上夏里组泥质烃源岩要好于布曲组和索瓦组碳酸盐岩烃源岩;烃源岩的有机质类型较好,主要为Ⅱ1型,并且反映出烃源岩形成于具一定盐度的较强还原环境,其有机质以海相低等水生生物为主;烃源岩的热演化程度总体较高,达到高成熟阶段。正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素分析表明,侏罗系各组烃源岩之间在母质输入上可能存在较大差异,该地区白云岩油苗与夏里组泥质烃源岩有很强亲缘关系。 相似文献
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综合利用野外露头及岩芯观察,岩石矿物组合、有机地球化学和工业分析等资料,对梅河盆地梅河组上含煤段煤与油页岩成矿特征进行深入分析。研究表明,油页岩与煤相比,具有较低的挥发分及有机碳含量,较高的灰分。煤层顶板油页岩与煤层底板油页岩相比,具有较高的挥发分及有机碳含量,较低的灰分。油页岩有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ_2型,其中,煤层底板油页岩主要为Ⅰ型,煤层顶板油页岩主要为Ⅱ_1-Ⅱ_2型;煤的有机质类型主要为Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ型。梅河组上含煤段发育于盆地萎缩阶段,含煤、油页岩岩系主要发育于扇三角洲前缘-浅湖-沼泽沉积环境,煤与油页岩的成矿序列形成于与沼泽有密切成因联系的浅湖环境,主控因素为浅湖时期的湖平面或沼泽时期的潜水面。 相似文献
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北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷和乌石凹陷流二段普遍发育油页岩。有机地球化学分析表明,北部湾盆地流二段油页岩具有高的有机质丰度,油页岩的有机碳含量下限为3%,含油率介于3.5%~10%,达到中等和优质油页岩矿品级,同时属于优质烃源岩。全岩有机显微组分、干酪根镜检和热解等分析表明,北部湾盆地流二段油页岩藻类含量丰富,藻类是有机质的主要来源,有机质类型主要为腐殖—腐泥型,部分为腐泥型,以湖相腐殖—腐泥型油页岩为主,部分为湖相腐泥型油页岩。流二段油页岩中镍和钼等微量元素含量普遍较高,镍和钼的含量与有机碳含量之间存在很好的正相关关系,说明流二段油页岩形成时期北部湾盆地具有富营养湖泊特征。北部湾盆地流二段油页岩中还原硫含量高,普遍大于1%,流二段油页岩形成于还原的沉积环境,具有很好的有机质保存条件。高有机质生产力及湖侵体系域顶部和高位体系域底部的中深湖还原环境共同控制了北部湾盆地流二段油页岩的发育。 相似文献
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富有机质的黑色页岩和油页岩的有机岩石学特征与生、排烃意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用近代有机岩石学与有机地球化学分析相结合的方法，对比研究了我国四川盆地等下古生界富有机质沉积的海相黑色页岩,和渤海湾盆地下第三系湖相油页岩的显微有机组成特征与热演化生烃、排烃作用的关系。观测分析结果表明:黑色页岩热演化程度很高，目前热解烃含量很低，但残余有机碳含量达1％～3％，黑色页岩中保存了早期生油阶段由无定型有机质生油作用转化而形成的微粒体有机质，和未排出的石油演变而来的残余沥青，表明其为原始生烃性能很好的烃源岩。根据黑色页岩中微粒体和残余沥青的含量，可用来了解已生—排烃量和再沉降埋深过程中古油藏储层沥青、微粒体和残余沥青再生气对古生界碳酸盐气藏的贡献。富有机质沉积的下第三系湖相油页岩热演化程度不高，游离烃（S1为0.2～1.4 mg/g）和热解烃（S2为8～44 mg/g），有机碳含量达2.4％～8％，是生油性能很好的烃源岩，油页岩中不仅存在强荧光的藻和无定型有机质，而且油页岩的纹层中广泛存在富有机质的荧光沥青，反映了有利于排烃运移的信息，表明是本区生油贡献最大的烃源岩。富有机质黑色页岩和油页岩的沉积结构构造特征、有机质的赋存形式、热演化中变化过程的对比观察结果表明:其生烃、排烃作用既有很多相似性，又有一定差别。 相似文献
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羌塘盆地是我国西部尚待进一步勘探与开发的最具前景的中、新生代大型含油气盆地。盆地内发育有10套烃源层，其中主要烃源层有4套，即上侏罗统索瓦组(J3s)、夏里组(J2x)、布曲组(J2b)和上三叠统肖茶卡组(T3x)，除中央隆起带西部缺失外，在盆地其他地区有广泛分布，累积厚度大于3000m。主要烃源层由碳酸盐岩和泥质岩两类岩性组成，J3s和T3x主要为碳酸盐岩烃源层，有机质含量普遍不高，有机碳含量为0．15％。0．25％，多属差-中等烃源岩。J3x和T3x主要是泥质岩烃源层，有机质含量较高，有机碳含量为0．6％。1．2％，属中等—好轻源层。此外，J2x和J3s还有一套油页岩烃源层，不仅有机碳含量特别高，而且可溶有机质也特别丰富，是盆地内最有价值的烃源层。4套主要烃源层均为海相沉积，有机物质以海相低等生物为主，形成以混合型(Ⅱ型)为主的有机质类型，具有较强的成烃能力。盆地中间有机质热演化处于成熟阶段，盆地周边和中央隆起带附近处于高成熟阶段，再向外达到了过成熟阶段。推测，盆地中部为原油分布区，向外扩展为凝析油—湿气区，再向外为干气分布区。其中以索瓦组的原油分布范围最大，而自夏里组→布曲组→肖茶卡组，原油分布区的面积逐步缩小。盆地储集岩类有碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩以及少量火山岩。碎屑岩主要分布于上三置统肖茶卡组三段、中侏罗统雀莫惜组(J2q)、上株罗统夏里组和雪山组(J3x)及古近系双湖组(E2s)；岩石类型以细砂岩、粉砂岩为主，次为中砂岩和组砂岩。碳酸盐岩储层主要分布于肖茶卡组一、二段，布曲组和索瓦组；主要岩石类型有泥灰岩、粒屑灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、生物礁灰岩和白云岩等，其中白云岩储层具有特殊的意义。火山岩分布于二叠系和上三叠统。盆地内白云岩储层分布较广，在乎面上分布与古隆起有关，已发现的白云岩中，以隆鄂尼布曲组的白云岩规模最大，并部分地区储有轻质原油。盆地内存在多层盖层岩石类型，主要有泥质岩、蒸发岩、碳酸盐岩、致密砂岩、火山岩、硅质岩和煤岩等，其中肋三种分布广泛，各层系均较发育，且封闭性能较好，是盆地内主要的益层岩石类型，尤以泥质岩和蒸发岩更为重要。羌塘盆地具备了形成大、中型油气田的石油地质条件，是青藏地区最具油气希望的盆地，展现了美好的勘探前景和开发潜力。 相似文献
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扬子地块西北缘及西南缘卡林型金矿的有机质地质地球化学 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
扬子地块西北缘，西南缘卡林型金矿床的有机碳含量为０．０５％－８．７３％。含金建造形成的环境不同，其改造成的金矿床的有机碳含量不同；矿化主岩的岩性不同，基有机碳的含量不同。由浊积岩型含金建筑改造成的卡林型金矿床，其干酪根属Ⅱ型酪根，原始有机母质属还原环境沉积的海相菌藻类生物演化成的腐泥型有机质。 相似文献
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Police, politics, and the right to the city 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete. 相似文献
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I. M. Gorokhov M. A. Semikhatov M. M. Arakelyants E. A. Fallick N. N. Mel’nikov T. L. Turchenko T. A. Ivanovskaya T. S. Zaitseva E. P. Kutyavin 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(3):260-274
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
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扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns. 相似文献
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Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston
situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine
fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and
at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological
(i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates)
controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution
sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were
<20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf
of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is
lost to sediments. 相似文献