共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Shallow groundwater and hot springs were collected from northeastern Guangdong Province, Southeast China, to determine the concentrations and fractionation patterns of rare-earth elements(REE). The results show that the La, Ce and Nd of REEs are abundant in groundwater and rock samples, and the ∑REE contents in groundwater and rock samples range from 126.5 to 2875.3 ng/L, and 79.44 to 385.85 mg/L, respectively. The shallow groundwater has slightly HREE-enriched PAAS-normalized patterns. However, the granitic rocks PAAS-normalized patterns, with remarkable negative Eu anomalies, are different from that of shallow groundwater. The enrichment of HREE is considered to be controlled by REE complexation and readsorption for most groundwater has Ce and Eu positive anomalies. The Ce and Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by redox conditions. Moreover, the Fe-contain sediments dissolution and/or the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxides are another factor contributing to Ce anomalies. The Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by the preferential mobilization of Eu2+ during water-rock interaction compared to Eu3+. 相似文献
2.
3.
Rare earth elements in waters from the albitite-bearing granodiorites of Central Sardinia, Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the geochemical behaviour and mobility of the rare earth element (REE) in the natural water systems, the ground and surface waters of the Ottana-Orani area (Central Sardinia, Italy) were sampled. The study area consists of albititic bodies included in Hercynian granodiorites. The waters have pH in the range of 6.0-8.6, total dissolved solid (TDS) of between 0.1 and 0.6 g/l, and major cation composition dominated by Ca and Na, whereas predominant anions are Cl and/or HCO3.The pH and the major-element composition of the waters are the factors affecting the concentration of REE in solution. The concentrations of ∑REE+Y in the samples filtered at 0.4 μm vary between 140 and 1600 ng/l, with La of between 14 and 314 ng/l, and Yb of between <6 and 12 ng/l. A negative Ce anomaly, especially marked at high pH, is observed in the groundwaters. The surface waters show lower REE concentrations, which are independent of pH, and negligible Ce anomaly.Speciation calculations, carried out with the EQ3NR computer program, showed that the complexes with the CO32− ligand are the dominant REE species at pH in the range of 6.7-8.6. The REE3+ ions dominate the speciation at pH <6.7 and only in the light REE (LREE).The relative concentrations of REE in water roughly reflect those in the aquifer host rocks. However, when concentrations of REE in water are normalised relative to the parent rocks, a preferential fractionation of heavy REE (HREE) into the water phase can be observed, suggesting the greater mobility and stability of HREE in aqueous solution. 相似文献
4.
碳酸盐岩是地球表层岩石圈的重要组成部分,其化学组成可提供沉积环境与海洋水体演化等信息,然而,前人对碳酸盐岩中稀土等元素的分布与变化特征关注不足。本文选择穿越中国东部6个一级大地构造单元的3条地球化学走廊带,系统采集了582件碳酸盐岩地层样品,并准确分析了包括稀土元素(REE)在内的81项指标的含量。结果表明,中国东部地球化学走廊带碳酸盐岩稀土元素(REE＋Y)总量为(0.59～183)×10-6,均值为24.0×10-6,纯净碳酸盐岩(CMC含量≥99％)均值为4.80×10-6。PAAS标准化后其显示具有轻稀土相对于中稀土和重稀土略亏损、δEu轻微正异常、δCe中度负异常等特征。白云岩中稀土含量、LREE/HREE值一般低于石灰岩;砂泥质含量相近时,前中生代各时代碳酸盐岩稀土分布模式相差不大,各构造单元稀土分布特征基本相似;与其他时代相比,中生代及中新元古代碳酸盐岩具有相对较平坦的稀土分布模式。研究表明,碳酸盐岩中稀土分布受碎屑物质影响明显,表现为稀土元素含量与碳酸根负相关,与碎屑物质相关元素(Si、Ti、Rb、Cs、Th、Zr等)、黏土相关元素(Al、Fe、K等)等正相关。成岩过程及白云化过程对较纯净碳酸盐岩中稀土分布特征影响不明显。我国古生代纯净碳酸盐岩分布模式受控于海相环境,其分布模式与现今海水相近;中生代纯净石灰岩受到陆相或海陆交互相的影响,具有较平坦的稀土分布模式。氧化还原条件对δCe的影响较δEu更为明显,δCe值受海相环境控制,极端正异常值(δCe＞1.3)受到还原环境或/和热液影响。若假定海水中REE自中元古代至今无太大变化,各时代稀土元素分配系数均值介于103.55～102.39,分配系数差异是造成碳酸盐岩中轻稀土亏损、Ce负异常及Y正异常的主要原因。微生物(席)可富集稀土等金属元素并改变沉积环境,这可能是造成中新元古界碳酸盐岩较平坦的稀土分布模式的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
6.
东营凹陷古近系沙河街组碳酸盐岩的成因一直存在湖相与海相之争。沙四段碳酸盐岩呈厚薄不等的夹层赋于陆相碎屑岩中。本文对研究区代表性碳酸盐岩样品稀土元素地球化学特征的分析表明：东营凹陷古近系沙四段碳酸盐岩的∑LREE〉∑MREE〉∑HREE,MREE相对于HREE富集;不具备Ce／Ce＊负异常特征;Y／Ho值为25．5～34．1,La／La＊值为0．99～1．21;Y／Ho—La／La＊呈负相关关系。所有这些特征均与湖相成因碳酸盐岩一致,沙四段碳酸盐岩的形成应为湖相成因。 相似文献
7.
稀土的开发和广泛应用使得人们倍加关注其在环境中的分布及其环境地球化学行为。赣江作为鄱阳湖流域五大入湖河之一,发源于稀土资源富集的赣南地区,而其下游水体及周边地下水中稀土元素的含量和分异特征目前尚不完全清楚。以赣江北支水体及沉积物为研究对象,开展了稀土元素地球化学研究。结果表明,赣江北支水体中稀土元素总量在地表水中为230~1 146 ng/L(均值458.85 ng/L),地下水中为284~1 498 ng/L(均值634.94 ng/L),沉积物中稀土元素总量为177.9~270.7 mg/kg(均值226.99 mg/kg)。PHREEQC模拟计算表明,水体中的稀土元素主要以碳酸根络合物(REEC03+)的形式存在。地表水和地下水总体上均表现为重稀土元素相较于轻、中稀土元素富集,沉积物未表现出明显的富集特性;水体具有Ce、Eu负异常特点,而沉积物表现为Ce正异常和Eu负异常,指示氧化还原环境和水岩相互作用对稀土元素在水-沉积物系统中迁移转化的影响。地下水中稀土元素的含量沿流向具有上升趋势,而水体中重稀土元素的富集程度不断减弱,同时碳酸根络合物(REEC03+)的占比不断降低,反映水体中稀土元素的含量受到pH、胶体吸附、络合作用以及地下水-地表水相互作用的影响。水体中重稀土元素的富集受到碳酸根络合反应的影响,Ce、Eu负异常与Ce氧化沉淀和母岩特性相关。Gd异常值表明,研究区中下游水体中的Gd元素受到人为输入的影响。 相似文献
8.
At marine seeps, methane is microbially oxidized resulting in the precipitation of carbonates close to the seafloor. Methane oxidation leads to sulfate depletion in sediment pore water, which induces a change in redox conditions. Rare earth element (REE) patterns of authigenic carbonate phases collected from modern seeps of the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and the Congo Fan were analyzed. Different carbonate minerals including aragonite and calcite with different crystal habits have been selected for analysis. Total REE content (ΣREE) of seep carbonates varies widely, from 0.1 ppm to 42.5 ppm, but a common trend is that the ΣREE in microcrystalline phases is higher than that of the associated later phases including micospar, sparite and blocky cement, suggesting that ΣREE may be a function of diagenesis. The shale-normalized REE patterns of the seep carbonates often show different Ce anomalies even in samples from a specific site, suggesting that the formation conditions of seep carbonates are variable and complex. Overall, our results show that apart from anoxic, oxic conditions are at least temporarily common in seep environments. 相似文献
9.
The giant sediment-hosted Jinding zinc-lead deposit is located in the Lanping Basin, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The genesis of the deposit has long been debated and the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals are controversial. This study presents rare earth element (REE) and noble gas isotope data that constrain the origins of the ore fluids and the heat source driving the hydrothermal circulation. The early-stage sulfides are enriched in light REEs and have high ∑REE values (30.8–94.8 ppm) and weakly negative Eu (δEu 0.85–0.89) and Ce anomalies (δCe 0.84–0.95), suggesting that the fluids were likely derived from dissolution of Upper Triassic marine carbonates with input of REEs from aluminosilicate rocks in the basin. In contrast, the late-stage sulfides have irregular REE patterns, generally low ∑REE values (0.24–10.8 ppm) and positive Eu (δEu 1.22–10.9) and weakly negative Ce anomalies (δCe 0.53–0.90), which suggest that the ore-forming fluids interacted with evaporite minerals. The 3He/4He (0.01–0.04 Ra) and 40Ar/36Ar values (301–340) of the ore-forming fluids indicate crustal and atmospheric origins for these noble gases. These findings are in agreement with the published fluid inclusion microthermometry data and the results of H, O, C, S, Pb and Sr isotope studies. Our data, in combination with published results, support a two-stage hydrothermal mineralization model, involving early-stage basinal brines and late-stage meteoric water that acquired metals and heat from crustal sources. 相似文献
10.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(2):337-346
Rare earth element (REE) and strontium isotope data (87Sr/86Sr) are presented for hydromagnesite and surface waters that were collected from Dujiali Lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. The goal of this study is to constrain the solute sources of hydromagnesite deposits in Dujiali Lake. All lake waters from the area exhibit a slight LREE enrichment (average [La/Sm]PAAS = 1.36), clear Eu anomalies (average [Eu/Eu*]PAAS = 1.31), and nearly no Ce anomalies. The recharge waters show a flat pattern (average [La/Sm]PAAS = 1.007), clear Eu anomalies (average [Eu/Eu*] PAAS = 1.83), and nearly no Ce anomalies (average [Ce/Ce*]PAAS = 1.016). The REE+Y data of the surface waters indicate the dissolution of ultramafic rock at depth and change in the hydrogeochemical characteristics through fluid-rock interaction. These data also indicate a significant contribution of paleo-groundwater to the formation of hydromagnesite, which most likely acquired REE and Sr signatures from the interaction with ultramafic rocks. The 87Sr/86Sr data provide additional insight into the geochemical evolution of waters of the Dujiali Lake indicating that the source of Sr in the hydromagnesite does not directly derive from surface water and may have been influenced by both Mg-rich hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water. Additionally, speciation modeling predicts that carbonate complexes are the most abundant dissolved REE species in surface water. This study provides new insights into the origins of hydromagnesite deposits in Dujiali Lake, and contributes to the understanding of hydromagnesite formation in similar modern and ancient environments on Earth. 相似文献
11.
北羌塘盆地那底岗日剖面中上侏罗统碳酸盐岩发育,其中以布曲组和索瓦组最为发育,对研究该区中上侏罗统沉积环境具重要意义。通过对稀土元素分布规律、分布特征及地球化学特征值分析,表明该套碳酸盐岩中稀土元素平均总含量(ΣREE)较低,为35.305μg/g;ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值为7.769～9.046,轻重稀土分馏明显,且稀土总含量(ΣREE)与SiO2和Al2O3含量呈正相关,与CaO含量呈负相关,说明沉积期有大量陆源碎屑注入。δCe平均值为0.966,基本无异常,但不同地层中有一定变化,布曲组到索瓦组一段、二段沉积水体氧化性显示为强-弱-强演化过程。LaN/YbN比值为1.124～1.493,其中索瓦组二段数值最小,沉积时期水体酸性最弱。表明研究区沉积水体具弱还原性,沉积时期有大量陆源碎屑注入,为近岸碳酸盐岩沉积。 相似文献
12.
对柴达木盆地北缘(简称柴北缘)鱼卡地区鱼油页1井(YYY-1)页岩段稀土元素地球化学分析,揭示了其对古环境、古物源和古气候的响应,并探讨了对油页岩成矿的影响。分析结果表明:石门沟组页岩段稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为(139.16~342.59)×10~(-6),平均值为236.66×10~(-6),高于北美页岩(NASC)和后太古宙页岩(PASS)。ΣLREE/ΣHREE和(La/Yb)_N等地球化学参数表明,轻重稀土元素分异明显;分布模式为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对亏损。地球化学参数以及La/Yb-ΣREE图解表明,研究区物源主要为上地壳沉积岩和火山岩的混合来源。元素Eu具有明显的负异常,指示沉积水体为缺氧的还原环境,为油页岩中有机质的富集提供良好的保存条件。根据高含量的ΣREE值以及δEu异常值,结合前人对该地区的孢粉研究成果,石门沟组页岩段形成于暖湿的气候条件,为油页岩的形成提供良好的物质来源和保存条件。 相似文献
13.
Akira Imai Kotaro Yonezu Kenzo Sanematsu Takashi Ikuno Shingo Ishida Koichiro Watanabe Visut Pisutha‐Arnond Somchai Nakapadungrat Jarupong Boosayasak 《Resource Geology》2013,63(1):84-98
Geochemical studies were conducted on the hydrothermally altered granitic rocks in the Ranong and Takua Pa tin‐fields in southern Thailand in order to investigate the mode of occurrence of REE (rare earth elements), with emphasis placed on a potential REE resource associated with granitic rocks in the Southeast Asian Tin Belt. The total REE (ΣREE) content of altered granitic rocks ranges from 130 to 350 ppm at Haad Son Paen (which is presently mined for kaolin clay) in the Ranong tin‐field, and that of altered granitic rocks and kaolinite veinlets reaches up to 424 ppm and 872 ppm, respectively, at Nok Hook in the Takua Pa tin‐field. Rare earth elements in the altered granitic rocks and kaolinite veinlets show a relatively flat chondrite‐normalized pattern, thus enriched in heavy REE compared with the original granitic rocks and their weathered crusts. At Nok Hook (Takua Pa), the ΣREE content of kaolinite separated from an altered granitic rock by elutriation is 1313 ppm, a ΣREE amount about four times higher than that of whole‐rock composition of the altered granitic rock. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of the elutriated kaolinite and of the altered granite are relatively flat. Sequential extraction experiments suggest that 41 and 85 percent of REE are present as ion exchangeable‐form in the altered granitic rock, and in the kaolinite veinlets, respectively. In addition, more than 90% of REE in the kaolinite veinlets are present as the acid‐soluble state. On the other hand, the ΣREE content of kaolinite veinlets and of the kaolinite concentrated by elutriation from an altered granitic rock at Haad Som Paen (Ranong) is 70 ppm and 75 ppm, respectively, thus enrichment of REE in kaolinite was not confirmed. In addition, by the sequential extraction experiments, 23% and 4% of REE were extracted from the altered granitic rock and the kaolinite veinlets at Haad Som Paen. In the altered granitic rocks at Haad Som Paen, REE are present as refractory phases, and REE in the acid‐soluble states had been leached by hydrothermal fluid. 相似文献
14.
腾冲地热区高温热泉水中稀土元素特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
腾冲地热区位于印度-欧亚板块碰撞带东北缘,构造和岩浆活动频繁,地热作用明显,热泉广泛分布,是现代热泉研究的天然实验室。热泉水中的稀土元素特征是指示浅层水岩反应的重要指标。由于热泉水中稀土元素含量较低且变化范围大,腾冲地区热泉水稀土元素组成的报道比较罕见。本文尝试研究了腾冲高温热泉水中稀土元素组成特征,并与美国内华达州贝奥沃韦地热田和加利福尼亚希伯地热田热泉水的稀土元素特征进行了对比。本文选取腾冲地区的高温热泉,应用ICP-MS,测试了热泉水中稀土元素。分析结果表明热泉水中稀土元素含量相对较低且变化范围较大,其变化范围为球粒陨石的10-5～10-2倍。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式整体为轻微右倾型或平坦型,显示轻重稀土分异不明显;δEu既有正异常也有负异常;各热泉点热泉水稀土配分模式之间存在差异。虽然腾冲地热区热泉水的REE含量比美国贝奥沃韦地热田和希伯地热田热泉水的高10倍,两者之间的稀土元素分布特征具有一致性。热泉水中的δEu负异常为深循环的大气降水与具有负铕异常火山岩水岩反应的结果,正铕异常可能是由快速上返的大气降水与蒸发岩中的石膏反应导致。 相似文献
15.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(2):268-279
Nickeliferous laterite ores from two typical central Greece deposits (Larymna and Evia), currently used in the LARCO GMMSA smelting plant to produce ferronickel, were characterized using a combination of diffraction, microscopic, and analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction patterns of various fractions, with emphasis to the clayey material (<2 μm), after glycolation and heating at 550 °C, indicated that both materials contain crystalline Fe3+ oxide (hematite) and chlorite-group phyllosilicates, whereas the Evia sample contains additional illite. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that the LARCO laterite ores consist of complex nanoscale aggregates of the above-mentioned phases. Different Ni-bearing Mg-Fe-phyllosilicates (mainly chlorite-group minerals), occur in mixture with hematite. Nickel is present in all examined phases, and therefore the separation of pure Ni-phases, by physical or chemical methods, is practically unfeasible. Trace element bulk analyses showed that there no significant differences, with regarding to Ni content concentrations (ca. 0.6–0.7 wt.%), between the initial ore and the clay fraction, for both the Larymna and Evia laterites (ca. 30% and 26% wt.% enrichment respectively). However, the Larymna ore contains double quantities of Co and it is enriched in rare earths compared to Evia (ΣREE = 774 ppm and 76 ppm respectively), while Sc concentrations are comparable in both mining areas (64 ppm and 42 ppm respectively). Discrimination diagrams (e.g. Th/Sc vs. Zr/Sc and Ce/Ce* vs. Eu/Eu*) showed that LARCO laterite Ni-ores do not exclusively originate in ultrabasic -ophiolitic- rocks as previously considered. 相似文献
16.
通过对罗平富乐铅锌矿区地层及矿石进行了稀土元素地球化学特征对比研究.结果显示,梁山组样品 ΣREE值25.91×10-6~108.40×10-6,δEu值0.35~0.73,δCe值0.64~1.35.具Eu负异常和Ce弱正异常;阳新组碳酸盐岩样品 ΣREE值0.82×10-6~6.75×10-6,δEu值0.15~0.97,δCe值0.22~0.62,具Eu负异常和Ce负异常;玄武岩样品 ΣREE值204.17×10-6~290.57×10-6,δEu值变化范围0.91~0.97,δCe值1.02~1.03,Eu异常和Ce异常不明显.峨眉山玄武岩、阳新组、梁山组岩石与矿石REE配分模式比较区别明显,暗示成矿物质并非这些地层提供另有其它来源;梁山组及含矿地层阳新组样品为轻稀土富集型,并具有Eu负异常,暗示地层可能形成于被动大陆边缘还原环境. 相似文献
17.
The rare earth elements(REE) composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differences in the REE abundances(∑REE) of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules; the crusts show the highest ∑REE, whereas the nodules exhibit the lowest ∑REE. The similarity in their NASC-normalized patterns, the enriched light REE(LREE), the markedly positive Ce anomaly(δCe), and the non-or weakly positive Eu anomaly(δEu), suggest that the polymetallic crusts and nodules are of hydrogenetic origin. Moreover, the REE contents and their relevant parameters are quite different among the various layers of the crusts and nodules, which probably results from the different marginal sea environments and mineral assemblages of the samples. The growth profiles of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules reveal the tendency ∑REE and δCe to slightly increase from the outer to the inner layers, suggesting that the growth environments of these samples changed smoothly from an oxidizing to a relatively reducing environment; in addition, the crust ST1 may have experienced a regressive event(sea-level change) during its growth, although the REE composition of the seawater remained relatively stable. On the basis of the regional ∑REE distribution in the SCS crusts and nodules,the samples collected near the northern margin were influenced by terrigenous material more strongly compared with the other samples, and the REE contents are relatively low. Therefore, the special geotectonic environment is a significant factor influencing the abundance of elements, including REE and other trace elements. Compared with the oceanic seamount crusts and deep-sea nodules from other oceans,the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules exhibit special REE compositions and shale-normalized patterns, implying that the samples are of marginal sea-type Fe-Mn sedimentary deposits, which are strongly affected by the epicontinental environment, and that they grew in a more oxidative seawater environment. This analysis indicates that the oxidized seawater environment and the special nano property of their Fe-Mn minerals enrich the REE adsorption. 相似文献
18.
Jan Ku
era Jan Cempírek Zden k Dolní
ek Philippe Muchez Walter Prochaska 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,103(2-3):69-79
Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of dolomite from post-Variscan vein-type Zn–Pb–Cu mineralization was studied in the Nízký Jeseník and Upper Silesian Basins. Combined with crush–leach analyses of fluid inclusions, the study provided important information on fluid–rock interaction, physico-chemical and redox conditions during crystallization of the dolomite. The mineralization is hosted by Carboniferous siliciclastic rocks, representing Variscan flysch and molasse sedimentation. Dolomite samples contain highly variable contents of REE (between 18 and 295 ppm) and Y (between 17 and 95 ppm). REY patterns are divided into four different groups which differ in regional provenance, LREE vs. HREE enrichment/depletion and significance of Eu, Gd and Y anomalies. These patterns can be the result of 1) precipitation of dolomite from near neutral fluids with important concentrations of complexing ligands as a main factor for the REY partitioning, 2) interaction of migrating fluids with host or basement rocks, or, most probably, 3) a combination of both.Regarding the importance of complexing ligands, it is proposed that in all samples fluoride and chloride complexes prevailed over sulphate, bicarbonate and hydroxide complexes. Interaction of fluids with rocks was strongly affected by the fluid temperature. Dolomites which precipitated from fluids with homogenization temperature higher than 110 °C are mostly REY-enriched while fluids colder than 110 °C produced REY-depleted dolomite. The REY-enrichment may indicate higher effectiveness of leaching of REE-bearing minerals (probably monazite, allanite and biotite) at higher temperatures. The preferential loss of LREE can be caused by the recrystallization or remobilization of dolomite. Generally, an increase in salinity and contents of Cl and F in the fluids is mostly accompanied by a higher REY content in dolomite. Positive Eu anomalies and small negative Gd and Y anomalies are typical for most of the chondrite-normalized patterns. Positive EuCN anomalies in dolomites are most probably the result of an increase of Eh in the parent fluid. Distribution of Y is expected to be predominantly controlled by solution complexation. 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(6):695-723
Ground and surface waters collected from two undisturbed Zn–Pb massive sulphide deposits (the Halfmile Lake and Restigouche deposits) and active mines in the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC), NB, Canada were analysed for the rare earth elements (REE). REE contents are highly variable in waters of the BMC, with higher contents typical of waters with higher Fe and lower pH. There are significant differences between ground- and surface waters and between groundwaters from different deposits. The REE contents of surface waters are broadly similar within and between deposit areas, although there are spatial variations reflecting differences in pH and redox conditions. Surface waters are characterised by strong negative Ce anomalies ([Ce/Ce*]NASC as low as 0.08), produced by oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ and preferential removal of Ce4+ from solution upon leaving the shallow groundwater environment. Groundwaters and seeps typically lack significant Ce anomalies reflecting generally more reducing conditions in the subsurface environment and indicating that Ce oxidation is a rapid process in the surface waters. Deeper groundwaters at the Halfmile Lake deposit are characterised by REE patterns that are similar to the host lithologies, whereas most groundwaters at the Restigouche deposit have LREE-depleted patterns compared to NASC. Halfmile Lake deposit groundwaters have generally lower pH values, whereas Restigouche deposit groundwaters show greater heavy REE-complexation by carbonate ions. Shallow waters at the Halfmile Lake and Stratmat Main Zone deposits have unusual patterns which reflect either the adsorption of light REE onto colloids and fracture-zone minerals and/or precipitation of REE–phosphate minerals. Middle REE-enrichment is typical for ground- and surface waters and is highest for neutral pH waters. The labile portion of stream sediments are generally more middle REE-enriched than total sediment and surface waters indicating that the REE are removed from solution by adsorption to Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides in the order middle REE≥light REE>heavy REE. 相似文献
20.
The Belt-Purcell Supergroup comprises dolomite-rich stratigraphic units in a dominantly siliciclastic succession, where sedimentation spans 1400-1470 Ma. Dolomitic units are variable mixtures of co-sedimented argillite and primary carbonate post-depositionally converted to secondary dolomite. Based on rare earth element (REE) relationships three distinct REE patterns are identified in the dolomite-rich units: Type 1 (T1d; d = dolomitic sample) with REE patterns parallel to post-Archean Upper Continental Crust (PA-UCC), albeit at lower absolute abundances due to dilution by carbonate content; Type 2 (T2d) with Heavy REE (HREE) enrichment but Light REE (LREE) depletion relative to T1d; and Type 3 (T3d) with enrichment in LREE and HREE relative to T1d, but erratic Middle REE (MREE) patterns. There is a progressive increase of ΣREE from T1d through T2d to T3d, whereas for ΣLREE/ΣHREE T2d < T1d < T3d. T1d-T2d and T3d represent three different “snapshots” of a continuous process.In terms of timing, dolomitization of calcite primary sediment in all samples likely took place broadly during burial diagenesis, as inferred for most Proterozoic dolomites. T1d is easily explained by provenance: however, T2d and T3d cannot be related to provenance, weathering or sedimentary sorting processes to explain higher concentrations of HREE referenced to PA-UCC and consequently developed in the sediment from a T1d precursor. The same three REE signatures have been described in previous studies in counterpart siliciclastic counterparts throughout the Belt-Purcell Supergroup at three different locations. Mobility of normally stable REE is accompanied by mobility of normally isochemical high field strength elements (HFSE) in T2d and T3d to give REE/REE, HFSE/HFSE, REE/HFSE and Y/HREE fractionations. No specific REE-HFSE signatures are apparent in the carbonate-rich units as compared to their non-dolomitic siliciclastic counterparts. This unusual mobility of REE and HFSE reflected in T2d and T3d is attributed to alkaline oxidizing post-depositional brines. Salinity was derived from seawater-sediment reactions, dissolution of evaporite minerals, and the smectite-illite transformation, whereas alkaline oxidizing conditions were promoted by groundwater interaction with mafic units in the basin, CO2 introduced into the system during episodic rifting with mantle degassing, and interaction of syn-sedimentary mafic intrusions with carbonate units at early stages of BPS deposition. Intermittent brine activity, inducing T2d and T3d patterns, spanned >1 Ga as recorded by secondary monazite grains with age distributions that correspond to large scale tectono-thermal events in Laurentia.Post-depositional processes and redistribution of carbonate can have an impact on transitional stratigraphic contacts between dolomitic and siliciclastic units which may have been incorrectly described as primary due to sedimentary environment changes. 相似文献