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1.
对冲绳海槽Jade热液区块状硫化物中流体包裹体的氦、氖和氩同位素组成进行了测定,流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为(6.2～10.1)Ra,均值为7.8Ra,与大洋中脊玄武岩一致[3He/4He≈(6～11)Ra],20Ne/22Ne比值为10.7～11.3,明显高于大气值(9.8),而40Ar/36Ar比值的变化范围在287～334之间,接近大气值(295.5),这些结果表明,块状硫化物中热液流体捕获的稀有气体是地幔和海水源组分混合的产物,且流体包裹体中的氦主要来自地幔,氖和氩主要来自海水。  相似文献   

2.
To understand the source and nature of the ore-forming fluids of the Edmond hydrothermal field on the Central Indian Ridge, we studied the He-Ar isotope composition and fluid inclusions of the hydrothermal precipitates.Our results show that the sulfide samples contain noble gases He, Ne, Kr, and Xe with their abundances in between those of air-saturated water(ASW) and mid-ocean ridge basalt(MORB). The ~3He/~4He ratio varies from1.3 to 8.7 R_a(n=10, average: 5.1 R_a), whereas the ~(40)Ar/~(36) Ar ratio is from 285.3 to 314.7(n=10, average: 294.8). These results suggest that the He was derived from a mixture of MORB with variable amounts of seawater, but the Ar in the ore-forming fluids trapped in the sulfides is predominantly derived from seawater. The fluid inclusions of barite have a wide range of homogenization temperatures and salinities varying from 163°C to 260°C and 2.6 wt%to 8.5 wt% Na Cl equiv., respectively. It is suggested that the ore-forming fluids were produced by phase separation, which agreed with the present-day vent fluid study.  相似文献   

3.
硼(B)是流体迁移元素，趋向于在热液流体中富集而成为常量元素。不同来源的B其同位素组成有着明显的区别。因此，B的含量及其同位素组成可标识热液流体(元素)的物质来源、水–岩反应程度及沉积物(元素)混入等重要过程，对海底热液活动及其成矿作用过程具有重要的示踪意义。迄今，对全球主要热液活动区热液流体中B的含量及同位素组成特征已做了大量的测试分析及研究工作，积累了丰富的资料和重要研究成果。但是，对不同地质背景(构造环境)条件下热液流体中B的含量及同位素组成特征尚缺乏系统性的对比分析，进而对造成不同环境热液流体中元素及其同位素组成的系统性差异的原因或机制尚缺乏深入的认识。本文在获取了洋中脊和弧后盆地主要热液活动区热液端元流体中B的含量及其同位素组成数据的基础上，定量估算了热液流体中B的主要来源，并对洋中脊和弧后盆地热液端元流体中B同位素组成的系统性差异进行了分析及成因探讨。结果表明，不同热液活动区热液端元流体的δ11B值都具有较大的变化范围，水–岩反应过程中不同来源B的混合是热液流体B同位素组成变化的主要原因。无沉积物覆盖的洋中脊和弧后盆地热液区热液流体中的B主要为海水与基底岩石来源B的混合，弧后盆地岩浆挥发性组分对热液系统的直接贡献及两种不同地质背景下基底岩石地球化学组成与水–岩反应程度的差异是其热液端元流体B同位素组成差异的主要原因。在有沉积物覆盖的弧后盆地热液区，热液流体中B的同位素组成与前两者之间存在显著差异，具有异常低的δ11B值，水–岩反应过程中沉积物来源B的加入是导致热液流体中δ11B值系统性降低的主要原因，沉积物的吸附作用也在一定程度上影响了热液流体的B同位素组成。有沉积物覆盖的洋中脊热液区热液流体同样受到了沉积物来源B加入的影响，具有较低的δ11B值，且相对于冲绳海槽受到了更强烈的沉积物吸附作用的影响。基于以上分析，并结合热液流体的Sr同位素组成特征，本文提出了洋中脊和弧后盆地这两大构造环境中热液流体B同位素组成系统性差异的成因模式。  相似文献   

4.
He, Ar, Ne contents and 3He/4He, 4He/20Ne, and 40Ar/36Ar ratios in gas-hydrate bearing sea-floor sediments of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano show that Ne, Ar, and part of He are atmospheric. Nonatmospheric, deep He (3He/4He=0.9???10-8) is present in all samples. Helium isotopic composition suggests that its origin is uniform, crustal (radiogenic) and, probably, connected with mud volcano gases. Apparently deep helium is residual gas that remains in isolated volumes after hydrate formation. Measured helium content in hydrate gases is very low: 0.5–10?ppm. but in one particular sample it is very high: 7080?ppm.  相似文献   

5.
Si-Fe-Mn-oxyhydroxides dredged at the PACMANUS(Papua New Guinea–Australia–Canada–Manus)hydrothermal field, Eastern Manus Basin, have 87Sr/86Sr=0.708 079–0.708 581; εNd=5.149 833–6.534 826;208Pb/204Pb=38.245–38.440; 207Pb/204Pb=15.503–15.560; 206Pb/204Pb=18.682–18.783. 87Sr/86 Sr isotope ratios are relatively homogeneous and close to the value of the surrounding seawater(0.709 16). The content of Sr in the samples contributed by seawater was estimated to be 76.7%–83.1% of total amount. The mixing temperature of hydrothermal fluids and seawater were ranging from 53.2°C to 72.2°C and the hydrothermal activities were unstable when the samples precipitated. The εNd values of all the samples are positive, which differ from the values of ferromanganese nodules(crusts) with hydrogenic origin. Nd was mainly derived from substrate rocks leached by hydrothermal circulation and preserved the hydrothermal signature. Pb isotopic compositions of most samples show minor variability except Sample #9–2 that has relatively high values of Pb isotopes. The Pb may be derived from the Eastern Manus Basin rocks leached by the hydrothermal fluid. The slightly lower 208Pb/204 Pb and207Pb/204 Pb values of the samples indicated that the hydrothermal circulation in PACMANUS was not entire and sufficient, or that hydrothermal circulation had transient changes in the past. Si-Fe-Mn-oxyhydroxides in the samples preserved the heterogeneities of local rocks.  相似文献   

6.
新测得 TAG热液区中 6件海底表层热液沉积物样品的铅同位素组成 ,其变化范围不大 ,具有均一性的特征。在 Pb- Pb图解上 ,热液沉积物的铅同位素数据大多落在 MARB的铅同位素组成范围内 ,与大西洋沉积物和 Fe- Mn结核相比明显具较少的放射成因铅 ,反映其上部洋壳岩石为该区热液沉积物的形成提供了铅。对比研究表明 ,因不同地质 -构造环境中的海底热液区为热液沉积物形成提供物源的情况不同 ,是导致有沉积物覆盖洋中脊中热液沉积物的铅同位素组成与无沉积物覆盖洋中脊不同的主要原因。海底扩张中心的扩张速率与热液沉积物的铅同位素组成有一定的对应关系 ,但其并不是热液沉积物铅同位素组成的唯一控制因素  相似文献   

7.
Kr and Xe nuclide abundance and isotopic ratios of the uppermost layer of Fe-Mn Crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean have been determined. The results indicate that the Kr and Xe isotopic composi-tions, like that of He, Ne and Ar, can be classified into two types： low3He/4He type and high3He/4He type. The low3He/4He type crusts have low84Kr and132Xe abundance, while the high3He/4He type crusts have high84Kr and132Xe abundance. The82Kr/84Kr ratios of the low3He/4He type crusts are lower than that of the air, while the83Kr/84Kr and86Kr/84Kr ratios are higher than those of the air. The Kr isotopic ratios of the high-er3He/4He type crusts are quite similar to those of the air. The128Xe/132Xe,130Xe/132Xe and131Xe/132Xe ratios of the low3He/4He type sample are distinctly lower than those of the air, whereas the129Xe/132Xe,134Xe/132Xe and136Xe/132Xe ratios are higher than those of the air. The low3He/4He type samples have the diagnostic characteristics of the MORB, with excess129, 131, 132, 134, 136Xe relative to130Xe compared with the solar wind. The128Xe/132Xe,130Xe/132Xe and131Xe/132Xe ratios of the high3He/4He type samples are slightly higher than those of the air, and the129Xe/132Xe,134Xe/132Xe and136Xe/132Xe ratios are qiute similar to those of the air. The noble gases in the Fe-Mn crusts are derived from the lower mantle, and they are a mixture of lower mantle primitive component, radiogenic component and subduction recycled component. The helium isotopic ra-tios of the low mantle reservoir are predominantly controlled by primitive He （3He） and U and Th radiogenic decayed He （4He）, but the isotopic ratios of the heavier noble gases, such as Ar, Kr and Xe, are controlled to different extent by recycling of subduction components. The difference of the noble isotopic compositions of the two type crusts is the result of the difference of the noble isotopic composition of the mantle source reservoir underneath the seamounts the crusts occurred, the noble gases of the high3He/4He type crusts are  相似文献   

8.
选取胡安·德富卡洋脊(Juan de Fuca Ridge,JDFR)因代沃(Endeavour)段的17个热液黑烟囱体样品对其中的硫同位素进行分析测定,讨论了因代沃段热液活动区内黑烟囱体成矿的物质来源、将硫同位素数据与已发表的热液流体及硫化物数据耦合,并结合前人的成果得到如下认识:(1)因代沃段硫化物的硫同位素组成与其他无沉积物覆盖的洋脊硫化物硫同位素组成相似,然而其相比于南胡安·德富卡洋脊(South Juan de Fuca Ridge,SJFR)硫化物亏损重同位素;(2)结合前人研究成果,如果SJFR硫化物的硫全部来自基底玄武岩的淋洗与海水中的硫酸盐,那么因代沃段硫化物的硫可能有1%~3%来自沉积物的贡献,故提出因代沃段成矿系统中的硫来源主要来自基底玄武岩,同时伴随有少量海水硫酸盐来源及沉积物来源的硫加入;(3)将硫同位素数据与已发表的热液流体及硫化物数据进行耦合发现热液流体中的沉积物信号与硫化物中的硫可能来自不同的源,并提出沉积物端元可能位于下渗区。  相似文献   

9.
选取胡安.德富卡洋脊(Juan de Fuca Ridge,JDFR)因代沃(Endeavour)段的17个热液黑烟囱体样品对其中的硫同位素进行分析测定,讨论了因代沃段热液活动区内黑烟囱体成矿的物质来源、将硫同位素数据与已发表的热液流体及硫化物数据耦合,并结合前人的成果得到如下认识:(1)因代沃段硫化物的硫同位素组成与其他无沉积物覆盖的洋脊硫化物硫同位素组成相似,然而其相比于南胡安.德富卡洋脊(South Juan de Fuca Ridge,SJFR)硫化物亏损重同位素;(2)结合前人研究成果,如果SJFR硫化物的硫全部来自基底玄武岩的淋洗与海水中的硫酸盐,那么因代沃段硫化物的硫可能有1%～3%来自沉积物的贡献,故提出因代沃段成矿系统中的硫来源主要来自基底玄武岩,同时伴随有少量海水硫酸盐来源及沉积物来源的硫加入;(3)将硫同位素数据与已发表的热液流体及硫化物数据进行耦合发现热液流体中的沉积物信号与硫化物中的硫可能来自不同的源,并提出沉积物端元可能位于下渗区。  相似文献   

10.
The stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) of gas-rich fluid inclusions hosted in fracture-fill mineralization from the southern part of the Lower Saxony Basin, Germany have been measured online using a crushing device interfaced to an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The data reveal that CH4 trapped in inclusions seems to be derived from different source rocks with different organic matter types. The δ13C values of CH4 in inclusions in quartz hosted by Carboniferous rocks range between −25 and −19‰, suggesting high-maturity coals as the source of methane. Methane in fluid inclusions in minerals hosted by Mesozoic strata has more negative carbon isotope ratios (−45 to −31‰) and appears to represent primary cracking products from type II kerogens, i.e., marine shales. There is a positive correlation between increasing homogenization temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions and less negative δ13C(CH4) values of in co-genetic gas inclusions probably indicating different mtaturity of the potential source rocks at the time the fluids were released. The CO2 isotopic composition of CH4-CO2-bearing inclusions shows slight negative or even positive δ13C values indicating an inorganic source (e.g., water-rock interaction and dissolution of detrital, marine calcite) for CO2 in inclusions. We conclude that the δ13C isotopic ratios of CH4-CO2-bearing fluid inclusions can be used to trace migration pathways, sources of gases, and alteration processes. Furthermore, the δ13C values of methane can be used to estimate the maturity of the rocks from which it was sourced. Results presented here are further supported by organic geochemical analysis of surface bitumens which coexist with the gas inclusion-rich fracture-fill mineralization and confirm the isotopic interpretations with respect to fluid source, type and maturity.  相似文献   

11.
Studies of the mineralogy and sulfur isotope composition of sediment-hosted hydrothermal sulfide minerals in cores are important for understanding the seafloor mineralization environment and material source and reconstructing the hydrothermal history. However, the source of ore-forming materials and the history of hydrothermal activity in the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) remain unclear. Here, the mineralogy and sulfur isotope characteristics of sulfides from gravity core HOBAB4-S2, collected between the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field (HF) and the Tangyin HF, was investigated. Enrichments in Zn (up to 321×10?6), Cu (up to 73.7×10?6), and Pb (up to 160×10?6) and the presence of pyrite, galena, pyrrhotite and minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite provide evidence for the input of hydrothermal materials into the sediments. The pyrite morphologies include disseminated cubic, pentagonal dodecahedron, and framboidal forms. Except for minor framboidal pyrite, euhedral pyrite from core HOBAB4-S2 is mainly of hydrothermal origin with Co/Ni ratios >1 and S/Fe atomic ratios <2 in the Cu-Zn-Pb-rich layers. The occurrences of hexagonal pyrrhotite, high-Co (up to 0.17%) pyrite and high-Fe sphalerite indicate that the hydrothermal precipitates formed at medium-high temperatures and low-sulfur fugacity (fS2) environments. The δ34S values of sulfides (0.21‰–3.45‰) with low- fS2 mineral assemblages (e.g., pyrrhotite ± high-Fe sphalerite) in the core are significantly lower than those of magmatic rocks and seawater, indicating possible incorporation of previously formed biogenic sulfur in the sediment. Combined with the age model of the core, it is suggested that hydrothermal activity likely began in the Tangyin HF before AD 1445–1483 and that at least three active episodes may have occurred since then.  相似文献   

12.
Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of 59 samples of Mesozoic ophicalcites from the north-central Apennines were measured. Strontium content and isotope ratios were only determined for selected samples.

The data obtained (−4.1 ≤ δ 13C ≤ + 3.0; 16.5 ≤ δ 18O ≤ 30.1; 0.7076 ≤ 87Sr/86Sr ≤ 0.7086; 60 ≤ Sr ppm ≤ 1140) suggest that the carbonate cement of the Apennines ophicalcites had a marine origin.

The 18O/16O values of most of the carbonates studied, however, indicate that the rocks have interacted with hydrothermal fluids, dominantly represented by sea water. In particular, the rocks from the northern section of the Apennines apparently reequilibrated their δ 18O content at higher temperature than those from the central zone.

Strontium isotope ratios, close to the Cretaceous—Cenozoic ocean water values, are well in agreement with such a kind of sea water/ophicalcites interaction, even if the carbonate cement formed earlier during the Jurassic period.  相似文献   


13.
The saddle dolomites occur more intensely in cores closely to fault than that in cores far away from the fault in Upper Cambrian carbonate of western Tarim basin, suggesting that formation of the saddle dolomites is likely related to fault-controlled fluid flow. They partially fill in fractures and vugs of replacement dolomite. The saddle dolomites exhibit complex internal textures, commonly consisting of core and cortex. In comparison with the matrix dolomites, the saddle dolomites show lower Sr-content and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, higher Fe- and Mn-content, and more negative δ18O values. Combined with high Th (100–130 °C) of primary fluid inclusions, it is suggested that the saddle dolomites precipitated from hydrothermal fluid derived from the deep evaporite-bearing Middle Cambrian strata, and the magnesium source may be due to dissolution of host dolomite during hydrothermal fluid migration. Fault activity resulted in petrographic and geochemical difference of the core and cortex of the saddle dolomites. The cores precipitated from the formation water mixed by deep brines at the early stage of fault activity, and the cortexes precipitated from the deep fluid with higher temperatures through the Middle Cambrian later. In summary, the formation of the saddle dolomites implies a hydrothermal fluid event related to fault activity, which also resulted in high porosity in Upper Cambrian carbonate in western Tarim Basin.  相似文献   

14.
Fluid inclusion gases in minerals from shale hosted fracture-fill mineralization have been analyzed for stable carbon isotopic ratios of CH4 using a crushing device interfaced to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The samples of Paleozoic strata under study originate from outcrops and wells in the Rhenish Massif and Campine Basin, Harz Mountains, and the upper slope of the Southern Permian Basin. Fracture-fill mineralization hosted by Mesozoic strata was sampled from drill cores in the Lower Saxony Basin. Some studied sites are candidates for shale gas exploration in Germany. Samples of Mesozoic strata are characterized by abundant calcite-filled horizontal fractures which preferentially occur in TOC-rich sections of the drilled sediments. Only rarely are vertical fractures filled with carbonates and/or quartz in drill cores from Mesozoic strata but in Paleozoic shale they occur frequently. The δ13C(CH4) values of fluid inclusions in calcite from horizontal fractures hosted by Mesozoic strata suggest that gaseous hydrocarbons were generated during the oil/early gas window and that the formation of horizontal fractures seems to be related to hydraulic expulsion fracturing. The calculated maturity of the source rocks at the time of gas generation lies below the maturity derived from measured vitrinite reflectance. Thus, the formation of horizontal fractures and trapping of gas that was generated in the oil and/or early gas window obviously occurred prior to maximal burial. Rapidly increasing vitrinite reflectance data seen locally can be explained by hydrothermal alteration, as indicated by increasing δ13C (CH4–CO2) values in fluid inclusions. The formation of vertical fractures in studied Mesozoic sediments is related to stages of post-burial inversion; gas-rich inclusions in fracture filling minerals recorded the migration of gas that had probably been generated instantaneously, rather than cumulatively, from high to overmature source rocks. Since no evidence is given for the presence of early generated gas in studied Paleozoic shale, it appears likely that major gas loss from shales occurred due to deformation and uplift of these sediments in response to the Variscan Orogeny.  相似文献   

15.
Vertical profiles for the uranium-series radioisotopes 210Pb and 210Po were obtained at thetwo hydrothermal vent sites, the Iheya Ridge and the Minami-Ensei Knoll, in the Mid-Okinawa Trough in 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1995, both radioisotopes were measured at the Minami-Ensei Knoll a-gain. At the Iheya Ridge, where the hydrothermal activity is not active as reflected by the CH_4, and 222Rn data, both the total 210Pb and 210Po activities show deficiency relative to their parents, and the mean residence time of 210Pb and 210Po is approximately equal to 20 and 2-5 a, respectively. At the Minami-Ensei Knoll, which is characterized by black smokers, the total 210Pb(0.167 × 10~(-3)-2.5 × 10~(-3)_ Bq/kg) around the plumes is deficient relative to 226Ra but the total 210Po activities (1.83 × 10 ~(-3) - 2.83 × 10~(-3) Bq/kg) are in excess relative to 210Pb. The 210Po activities are higher than those in the East China Sea and the Okinawa Trough and excess 210Po has been found. The 210Pb/226Ra and 210Po/  相似文献   

16.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｅａｒｌｙ 1 980ｓｔｏｍｉｄ 1 990ｓ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｅａｆｌｏｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ,ｔｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｓｏｔｏｐｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｈａｄｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｔｏｓｏｍｅｅｘｔｅｎｔ (ＺｉｅｒｅｎｂｅｒｇａｎｄＳｈａｎｋｓ ,1 988;ＢｌｕｍａｎｄＰｕｃｈｅｌ…  相似文献   

17.
冲绳海槽海底热液喷出口附近海水中210Pb和210Po的行为   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
讨论了在冲绳海槽伊平屋海岭和南奄西海丘两处海底热液喷出口附近海水中的铀系子体放射性核素210Pb和210Po浓度的垂直分布剖面.在伊平屋海岭,甲烷及222Rn的数据表明海底热液活动不强,总210Pb和210Po放射性均低于它们各自母体的放射性,210Pb和210Po在海水中的平均停留时间分别为20和2～5a,而在以“黑色烟雾”为特征的海底热液活动强烈的南奄西海丘,在”烟雾”中的总210Pb含量(0.167×10-3～2.50×10-3Bq/kg)相对其母体226Ra贫乏,而总210Po含量(1.83×10-3～2.83×10-3Bq/kg)则相对其母体210Pb过剩.该处海水中的210Po的放射性高于东海陆架区及冲绳海槽其他海区,并且显示了210Po过剩.210Pb/226Ra以及210Po/210Pb放射性比值的范围分别为0.1～0.4和1.1～7.8.在热液扩散带中210Pb被优先从海水中清除.控制南奄西海丘海水中210Pb浓度的可能机制涉及到210Pb通过扩散作用的横向输送.在热液扩散带中高210Po/210Pb放射性比值表明210Pb的耗尽及210Po从海底热液喷出口的加入.  相似文献   

18.
The exceptional development of coeval hydrocarbon and aqueous fluid inclusions (FI) in fluorite from the MVT-type ore deposit of Koh-i-Maran, Baluchistan (North Kirthar range, Pakistan), provides samples which are representative of the ore-forming fluid and which support the hypothesis of petroleum migration in the province. Primary brines at 125°C (10 wt% equ. NaCl) and secondary CH4-rich brines at 135°C (7 wt% equ. NaCl), are recognised to be associated with oil migration in the fluid inclusions. They support the model of a per ascensum MVT (Mississippi Valley Type) stratabound hydrothermal deposit. A pressure–temperature path of 120–125°C to 165–200 bars is calculated from microthermometric data and PVT modelling of hydrocarbon FI using the modified Peng–Robinson Equation of State (IFP software) from primary cogenetic inclusions (oil and brines).The composition of gas and oil fractions is obtained by a combination of Synchrotron FTIR microanalysis and gas chromatography performed on individual fluid inclusions. The oil entrapped as a coeval primary fluid phase is a light aliphatic normal oil in the range C8–C35 with a high CO2 content. The brown solid phase found systematically in the oil is probably asphaltene resulting from precipitation after trapping of the heavy fraction, which commonly occurs by decreasing pressure and temperature and\or by CO2 injection. Later CH4-rich brine influx probably modified part of the oil in the primary fluid inclusions because degraded oil is observed within such inclusions. Biomarkers obtained by GC-MS analysis indicate a terpane distribution quite similar to the nearest oil seepage in the Gokurt area. This result and the high CO2 content of organic fluid inclusions indicate a restricted/confined sedimentary environment for the source rock, which could correspond to the Eocene Carbonate formation with type-II organic matter. A possible additional input of gas from the Sambar formation is suggested as feasible. The link between the fluid inclusion data and the geodynamic evolution lead us to propose a circulation of basinal fluids driven mainly by the fault system during dewatering in the foredeep. In Pakistan, they are coeval to major compressional NW–SE Oligocene episode in the thrust belt. The origin of the fluorine may be found in the basin sediments as well as near the basement. The brines originated in salt structures recognized in eocambrian at the decollement level, the source rock was already mature.  相似文献   

19.
Hydrothermal precipitates and hydrothermal alteration products could record important information about temporal variations of seafloor hydrothermal systems. Geochemistry, mineralogy, and microscopic features of three pumice samples (T3-1, T3-2, and T3-3) near the Iheya North hydrothermal field were analyzed in this article. The results show that T3-3 sample has undergone at least two-stage influences by hydrothermal fluids. In the first stage, pure amorphous silica from hydrothermal fluid precipitated in the vesicles of all three T3 samples as a result of conductive cooling and fluid–seawater mixing. The precipitation temperatures according to oxygen isotope thermometer are approximately 13–21°C. In the second stage, T3-3 pumice underwent low-temperature hydrothermal alteration, during which the amorphous silica precipitates were redissolved, together resulting in losses of FeO and SiO2 and gains of MgO, Pb, Zn, and Cu. Furthermore, ferruginous filamentous silica, which might be related to activities of Fe-oxidizing bacteria, was formed in the altered pumice. The transformation from pure amorphous silica precipitation to redissolution of the silica in T3-3 pumice might indicate a rise of temperature and/or decrease in silica concentrations in hydrothermal fluids, implying a changing hydrothermal environment.  相似文献   

20.
A quadrupole-based mass spectrometric system for determining noble gas (He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe) abundances in a liquid sample has been developed and applied to seawater equilibrated with the atmosphere at several temperatures. After known amounts of isotopic spikes (22Ne, 36Ar, 86Kr and 124Xe) were introduced into the preparation vacuum line, dissolved gases were extracted from seawater and well mixed with the spikes by ultrasonic vibration. Noble gases were purified using three-stage hot Ti getters and separated by two activated charcoal traps held at low temperature (liquid nitrogen and dry ice—ethanol). Noble gas abundances were measured by a relatively inexpensive quadrupole mass spectrometer based on the isotope dilution technique. Precisions obtained by repeated measurements for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe are 1.5%, 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively. Noble gas abundances in air-saturated seawater at eight temperature steps (1.0°C, 5.5°C, 10.0°C, 14.4°C, 17.0°C, 21.3°C, 24.6°C, and 29.6°C) were measured using the analytical system. The overall variation of the abundances with temperature agrees well with those of NaCl brines reported in the literature. We propose here new constants to fit observed data to empirical equation of noble gas solubility in seawater with its temperature variation.  相似文献   

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