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1.
浅析城市人居环境的评价及优化措施--以苏州市为例 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
在探讨人居环境的概念、分类的基础上,采用以某一年为基准的相对比较法,构建城市人居环境评价指标体系。并以苏州市区为例,对1995～2000年苏州市区人居环境进行了较为详细的分析与评价。分析结果表明,尽管1995年以来苏州市区人居环境质量有较大的改善,但改善速度仍落后于经济增长速度,并且生态环境和居住条件改善更为缓慢。针对这些问题,从城市规划、城市化发展战略、城市生态环境建设等方面,提出了优化苏州市人居环境的具体措施。 相似文献
2.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(8)
Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following:(1) Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement.(2) No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China's urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention:(1) Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents' socio-economic attributes.(2) Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differen-tiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities.(3) Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns.(4) Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development.(5) Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values. 相似文献
3.
中心地模式的实验研究——江苏省赣榆县和灌云县城镇网的优化设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中心地理论提供了研究城镇体系的空间布局和等级结构的方法，对农村地区集镇体系研究更具有指导意义。本文以中心地理论为基础，对江苏省赣榆县和灌云县集镇体系的基本结构、形成机制及现伏集镇体系的不合理性进行了分析，并提出了二县集镇体系布局的优化设计。 相似文献
4.
Renfeng Ma Tengfei Wang Wenzhong Zhang Jianhui Yu Dai Wang Li Chen Yanpeng Jiang Gequn Feng 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(8):1159-1175
Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following: (1) Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement. (2) No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical & economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China’s urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention: (1) Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents’ socio-economic attributes. (2) Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differentiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities. (3) Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns. (4) Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development. (5) Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values. 相似文献
5.
熊鹰 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(6):1123-1137
The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quantitative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment. 相似文献
6.
城市人居环境与经济协调发展不确定性定量评价 ——-以长沙市为例 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27
城市人居环境是城市经济持续发展的重要基础和载体,城市经济是人居环境发展的坚实保障和前提。只有实现两者的协调,才是实现城市可持续发展的必由之路。城市人居环境与经济发展的协调性定量评价,是测度两者发展状态的工具,对城市健康发展具有重要的指 示功能。城市人居环境与经济系统存在于整个城市生态系统中,由于系统的复杂性,其中存 有多种不确定性的因素。因此,考虑不确定性因素影响下,如何建立评价体系,采用什么样 的方法进行评价是当前研究的难点之一,也是学术界面临的一项迫切需要解决的问题。本文尝试对城市人居环境与经济协调发展评价中所面临的不确定性问题进行了分析,提出评价体系构建的原则,引入模糊数学方法,提出了一套基于不确定性的综合评价方法与模型,并将该方法应用于长沙市的实证研究中。评价结果与实际情况大体吻合。该方法不仅能反映城市发展整体协调状况,而且能模糊辨别系统间相互作用的模式与演进方式,具有一定的理论价值和可操作性。 相似文献
7.
Rowland RH 《Post-Soviet geography》1992,33(1):34-48
"Based upon recently published data, this paper investigates urban settlement size trends in the former USSR and its republics during the intercensal periods of 1970-1979 and 1979-1989. Results indicate that although a trend toward largeness of the Soviet urban hierarchy continues, a slowing in this direction has occurred. Among republics, all had an increasing trend towards largeness on at least one and usually all three summary measures of urban settlement size structure. The RSFSR [Russia] and Armenia especially consistently evidenced a relatively high degree of largeness, while the former Baltic republics generally revealed a relative smallness." 相似文献
8.
快速城市化地区人居环境与经济协调发展评价——以深圳市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
邬彬 《云南地理环境研究》2010,22(2):54-58,75
以深圳为例,基于主成分分析法和协调发展度模型,利用其1996~2007年的统计数据对城市人居环境与经济协调发展进行了实证分析。结果表明:深圳城市人居环境不断改善,城市经济快速发展,城市人居环境与经济发展的协调度不断增强;城市人居环境与经济发展的协调程度由轻度失调经济滞后型向良好协调城市人居环境滞后型转变,经济发展与城市人居环境之间的差距呈现扩大的趋势;两系统之间的动态协调度呈持续稳步上升的态势,处于趋于协调发展的轨迹上;最后,提出了四大政策建议及不足之处。 相似文献
9.
"The authors attack what they call 'superurbanism' and 'agglocentrism,' an excessive preoccupation among some Soviet geographers with urbanization and the formation of urban agglomerations. The authors advocate what is known in Soviet geography as a 'unified system of settlement,' meaning a harmonious blend of both urban and rural forms. The 'agglocentrists' are said to derive their ideas from Western models, and the authors [note the growing] disenchantment with excessive urbanism in the West." 相似文献
10.
中国城市人居环境质量特征与时空差异分析 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12
城市人居环境已成为推动城市化发展进程,衡量城市化发展水平的重要因素。以社会经济环境、居住环境、基础设施和公共服务环境、生态环境4个一级指标,28个二级指标构建了城市人居环境质量综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法对中国286个地级以上城市在2000年、2003年、2006年和2009年4个时间断面的人居环境质量特征和时空差异变化进行了分析。结果表明:中国城市人居环境质量整体在逐步提高,城市之间人居环境质量得分差值缩小,各城市排名基本保持在一定范围;城市人居环境质量级别差异明显;城市人居环境质量时空差异显著,呈现出与经济发展水平相似的从东部到中、西部依次递减的地带性空间分布特征以及南高北低的分布状况,且各地区城市级别分布不均衡;人居环境质量水平较高的城市呈"团"状分布,与国家"十二五"规划纲要中城市化战略格局基本吻合;城市人居环境质量与城市规模无对应关系。 相似文献
11.
城市广场在现代城市开放空间体系中具有公共性、艺术性、活力性,是人们生活居住重要的休闲场所。文章使用CiteSpace信息可视化工具,梳理国内外研究内容,对Web of Science和CNKI数据库城市广场与城市人居环境重要文献进行关键词聚类分析,结合整理城市广场“人居环境”崭新视角。结果表明：① 城市广场的研究作为城市人居环境缩影,其发展结合城市地理学、心理学、建筑学和社会学不同角度,中美对其文章贡献量最大,但鲜有文章深入研究人居环境视角的城市广场;② 人居环境从景观环境、生态环境、艺术生活环境、社会发展环境不同要素对城市广场产生影响,其中高曝光度的关键词中以环境、居民满意度类别居多;③ 城市广场内外部“软”“硬”两种环境,对居民物质满足到精神汲取产生的作用不可忽视;④ 城市广场作为公共空间,其对人居环境影响研究热点的转变,均是对不同时期城市居民能够平等获取资源,享受健康、舒适、宜居生活的探索。 相似文献
12.
Hany Abo-El-Wafa Kumelachew Yeshitela Stephan Pauleit 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(2):68-81
AbstractThe built-up area of Addis Ababa and its surrounding towns is expanding into the peri-urban region leading to high losses of farmland, directly influencing the food production for the urban population. This paper investigates the patterns of settlement growth in the region surrounding Addis Ababa and their impact on peri-urban agriculture using an urban spatial scenario design model. The effects of two population density scenarios are explored within the framework of a proposed master plan. The model output was used to estimate areas of different suitability levels that would be lost to the modelled settlement expansion. The settlement area in 2038 would represent 29% of the case study’s total area in the low-density scenario but only 19% in the high-density scenario. Compared to the low-density scenario, the high-density scenario would only require a third of the agricultural land transformed into settlement areas. Settlement development would contribute to higher losses of land suitable for cultivating important export products, high nutritional value and import-substituting products. The scenario approach can support sustainable regional planning for settlement expansion that conserves valuable farmland in the peri-urban area and contributes to building capacity for strategic planning of the city regions of sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
13.
基于体现人自我实现需要的中国主要城市人居环境评价分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
已有的城市人居环境评价研究大多基于"生存、生活需要"层次,从人的自我实现需要角度研究城市人居环境评价未见报道。在已有研究的基础上,综合考虑信息时代下城市人居环境的人文因素内涵,构建一套体现人自我实现需要的城市人居环境指标体系。在国内首次将自组织特征映射神经网络模型应用在城市人居环境聚类分析中,根据聚类结果将中国主要城市人居环境分成四种类型,总结城市人居环境空间分布总体特征,归纳不同类别城市人居环境的特点并分析产生这种空间分异的原因。 相似文献
14.
伴随气候变化与快速城市化,超大城市与城市群高温、暴雨、雾霾极端灾害事件频繁,生态环境问题愈加突出。应对气候变化的城市规划是缓解与适应极端事件的重要手段,它通过优化土地利用、空间结构、道路交通和生态绿化,减缓气候变化与极端事件影响。论文总结了城市规划实施对气候与环境的影响机制,及其实施效应的评估方法,由此将应对气候变化的城市规划问题归结为极端事件指标、经济可行性、区域适用性等多被控变量、多目标、多约束最优化问题的求解。为此亟需基于气候环境与社会经济的协同作用,开展超大城市和城市群的气候变化影响和适应研究,改进应对气候变化城市规划实施效应的评估手段,构建包含城市规划实施效应的区域气候模式系统和多尺度综合评估体系,以实现气候环境最优及社会经济代价最小的绿色智慧韧性发展策略。 相似文献
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16.
Diwakar A Qureshi MH 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1992,14(1-2):27-36
"Metropolitanisation has been observed by experts as one of the main characteristics of Indian urbanisation. Rural to urban migration has been a major player in urban growth of metropolitan cities, particularly Delhi. Not only Delhi but its hinterland [are] urbanising fast as compared to the hinterlands of other major cities of India. There are several processes of urbanization viz. historical, physical, demographic and economic. In this paper the role of demographic processes in urban expansion of Delhi [is examined]." 相似文献
17.
Polyan PM 《Soviet geography》1987,28(10):718-728
"The author extends his earlier work on the concept of a support framework for settlement (i.e., interconnected linear and nodal elements supporting the activities and needs of population within the settlement system), developed initially for the Caucasus region, to the entire country. A five-level hierarchy of urban nodes, ranging from highly developed agglomerations to small and medium-sized cities, is proposed which is used to analyze the level of urban support provided in the major economic regions of the USSR." 相似文献
18.
Demko GJ 《Soviet geography》1987,28(10):707-717
"A survey of current urban issues and trends in the Soviet Union sets the stage for an analysis of the problems of the urban system of the USSR and discussion of recent efforts at planning and policy development for a national settlement system. The General Scheme of Settlement, issued in 1975 and revised in 1982 to guide the development of such a national system, is examined as is the ensuing debate between two opposing schools of thought as to the best approach for restructuring the urban system." 相似文献
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20.
城市规划和土地利用规划的矛盾与协调─—以三亚市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对现今城市规划与土地利用规划矛盾的分析，提出了协调两者关系的思路，认为两者间的矛盾和问题是客观存在的，两者的协调不能强求数量指标上的一致，而应在地区发展战略的界定下，达到两者间城镇空间布局形态和环境容量规模的相互一致，并据此对三亚市城市规划与土地利用规划的协调进行了分析。 相似文献