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1.
为了解胶州湾水体和表层沉积物营养环境状况及其主要影响因素,于2019年8月在胶州湾30个站位点采集了海水和表层沉积物样品,并于2021年5月在胶州湾沿岸采集了18个站位点的水样,对水体溶解无机态营养盐浓度和组成以及表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷及生物硅含量和碳、氮稳定同位素(δ13C、δ15N)进行了分析。结果表明,胶州湾内水体和沿岸水体中溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和溶解硅酸盐浓度空间分布相近,高值均位于湾东北部,主要受到河流输入和沿岸污水排放的影响,低值主要出现在湾中部和湾口处。结合近30年来的历史数据分析发现,胶州湾夏季营养盐浓度在1990?2008年期间呈持续上升的趋势,政府实施的污染物总量控制措施以及河流径流量下降使得2006年以来营养盐浓度呈现下降的趋势,该变化在空间上主要体现为大沽河氮、磷输入量的减少及其对应的湾西部营养盐高值的消失。胶州湾氮、磷营养盐输入的不平衡使得“磷限制”在2000年后逐渐加剧。胶州湾表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量高值均集中于东北部和东部沿岸,结合生物硅和水体营养盐含量分析显示,这主要是河流与排污输入及其带来的高初级生产力造成的,沉积物生源要素与水体营养盐在空间分布上存在较好的耦合关系。沉积物粒度较粗对有机质保存的不利影响以及湾口较强的水动力作用共同导致了湾西部、中部以及湾口的生源要素含量较低。δ13C以及二端元混合模型显示,胶州湾表层沉积物有机质来源总体以海源为主,平均占比为64%,东部沿岸受陆源输入影响较明显。δ15N的空间分布显示,胶州湾表层沉积物中氮元素受到了海水养殖与污水排放的共同影响。水体和沉积物营养环境现状共同表明,对东北部河流和沿岸污水排放的控制是后期胶州湾污染治理的关键。  相似文献   

2.
利用2008年秋季胶州湾两个航次的调查结果,对该海域营养盐等生源要素的分布特征进行了分析,并通过相关性分析及陆海同步调查数据对其来源做了初步探讨.结果表明,胶州湾秋季两个航次的叶绿素、营养盐、化学需氧量、温度、光照、盐度、溶解氧等各调查要素相应的平面分布趋势基本相同,除盐度和温度外均表现出由河口向离岸逐渐降低的趋势.秋季可能成为胶州湾浮游植物生长限制因子的要素与叶绿素 a 相关性强弱顺序如下(“**”和“*”分别代表置信水平 P=0.01和 P=0.05):活性磷酸盐:0.889(**)、溶解无机氮:0.724(**)、溶解有机氮:0.549(**)、溶解有机磷:0.523(**)、颗粒态氮:0.474(**)、温度:–0.696(**)、活性硅酸盐:0.410(*)、颗粒态磷:–0.191、浊度:–0.096.由相关性分析结果及陆海同步调查结果可初步得出与叶绿素 a 相关性较强的各要素来源如下:化学需氧量、盐度、溶解无机氮、活性磷酸盐、溶解有机氮、溶解有机磷具有明显的陆源输入特征,颗粒态氮以浮游植物新陈代谢产生为主.  相似文献   

3.
胶州湾沉积物中氮与磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征   总被引:34,自引:9,他引:25  
通过对比分析和相关分析对沉积物中氮、磷含量、OC∶TN、TN∶TP进行了研究,探讨了胶州湾沉积物中氮、磷的来源及其生物地球化学特征.研究表明,胶州湾表层沉积物中总氮、总磷的变化趋势一致,即从湾内到湾外含量依次降低,其中总氮依次为0.41、0.25、0.20mg/g,总磷的含量依次为0.29、0.24、0.22mg/g.在整个柱状样中总氮、总磷平均含量的变化也和表层基本一致,有机氮在大部分层次占总氮的50%-70%,无机磷所占总磷的比例一般大于60%.根据沉积物OC∶TN比、氮、磷的垂直分布可以判断湾内和湾口沉积物中的氮主要是陆源的,海洋自生的氮分别占28.9%和13.1%,湾外的氮主要是自生的,海洋自生的氮占62.1%.与氮相比,磷主要是陆源的,但在湾外海洋自生磷的比例明显高于湾内.悬浮颗粒物的组成也证明了湾内沉积物中氮、磷主要是陆源的.沉积物中OC∶TN值的垂直变化也反映了近年来胶州湾物质来源的变化特征,即河流来沙急剧减少,沿岸倾倒垃圾不断增多,后者已经取代前者成为胶州湾主要的沉积物来源.另外,沉积物中TN和TN∶TP的垂直变化也和近年来胶州湾水体中营养盐含量的变化相一致.胶州湾不同地区氮、磷的沉积通量相差很大,湾口的沉积通量最大,而湾外的沉积通量最小;在表层沉积物中,氮的矿化速率高于磷,有机磷的矿化速率大于无机磷,但有机氮的矿化速率并不一定大于无机氮.OC、pH、Eh、Es等环境因素影响氮、磷的矿化,但在不同海区影响程度并不相同.  相似文献   

4.
依据改革开放40 a来胶州湾营养盐状况历史资料以及2018—2019年的现场调查,对胶州湾营养盐历史变化过程及其生态效应进行了系统分析。结果表明:营养盐的浓度变化大致以2008年为分界节点,在2008年前胶州湾溶解无机氮(DIN)浓度呈现持续上升趋势,而溶解无机磷(DIP)、活性硅酸盐(DSi)浓度则先略有减少后快速增加;2008年后胶州湾3种营养盐浓度均快速减少。营养盐限制状况由20世纪80年代初期的氮限制、20世纪90年代的硅限制转变为目前的磷限制。胶州湾Chl a年均质量浓度一直在3μg·L^-1上下波动但近年来则呈下降趋势,浮游动物生物量1994年后大幅度增加。分析发现,入湾营养盐通量的增加和海域面积缩小是2008年前胶州湾营养盐浓度增加的主要原因,而近十几年来胶州湾环境综合整治措施的大力实施则是氮、磷营养盐浓度减少的主要原因。2010年以前贝类养殖是控制胶州湾浮游植物生物量的主要因素,但近年来溶解无机磷浓度的减少和浮游动物生物量的增加是Chl a质量浓度呈下降趋势的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
胶州湾海水中无机氮的分布与富营养化研究   总被引:27,自引:4,他引:23  
根据2003年112月胶州湾海区12个航次海水无机氮等的调查资料,分析了该海域生态环境中无机氮的分布特征及时空变化,评价了水质的富营养化状况。结果表明,测区全年溶解无机氮的平均含量为17.70μmol/dm^3。在4个季节中,溶解无机氮以NO3-N的含量为最大,占58.2%,是氮主要存在形态,其中秋季含量最高,占溶解无机氮的64.74%。无机氮分布从东北部高含量区域向湾内及湾口方向呈逐步递减趋势。溶解无机磷的年平均含量为0.49μmol/dm^3,表层海水4个季节中N/P比平均为39.41,胶州湾海水中的磷相对于氮是匮乏的。据营养状态指数划分,胶州湾的东、北岸海域属富营养化区,夏、秋两季可能受到赤潮的严重威胁。  相似文献   

6.
应用实验室培养法测定了溶解无机氮(DIN)在胶州湾16个站位沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率。结果表明, NH4 -N,NO2 -N和NO3 -N的交换速率一般分别在-0.5~1.6,0.005~0.67, + - --2.0~2.8 mmol/(m2·d)范围内。由于间隙水中DIN主要以NH4 -N形态存在,DIN在胶州湾沉 +积物-海水界面上的交换以NH4 -N的扩散为主,在大部分站位表现为由沉积物向水体的释放, +NO3 -N主要来自NH4 -N的硝化反应,而NO2 -N是NH4 -N和NO3 -N之间化学转化过程的中 - + - + -间产物。考虑胶州湾沉积物类型, 在胶州湾沉积物-海水界面上的交换通量为9.68×108 DINmmol/d,是河流输入DIN的50%左右,可提供维持胶州湾初级生产力所需DIN的52%。  相似文献   

7.
胶州湾在促进青岛市经济发展的同时,人为活动对胶州湾的污染也愈发严重。本文对胶州湾冬季稀土元素(Rare earth elements, REEs)的地球化学特征和人为镧(La)、钆(Gd)污染进行了研究。胶州湾溶解态和酸溶态REEs含量的变化范围分别为:3.5 pmol/L(铕Eu)~359.1 pmol/L(铈Ce)和6.9 pmol/L(铥Tm)~4 861.8 pmol/L(Ce)。由于颗粒物对REEs的吸附,导致溶解态的浓度明显低于酸溶态,溶解态REEs的PAAS(Post-Archean Average Australian Shale,后太古代澳大利亚页岩)标准化配分曲线表现为重稀土富集;(Yb)PAAS/(Nd)PAAS比值平均为4.7±0.7(Yb和Nd为镱和钕,分别代表重稀土元素和轻稀土元素),说明胶州湾溶解态轻稀土和重稀土之间分馏程度较大。酸溶态REEs配分曲线表现为中稀土富集;酸溶态轻中重稀土元素之间分馏程度较低。胶州湾溶解态和酸溶态钇(Y)和钬(Ho)之间也发生了明显分馏。溶解态Ce/Ce*表现为...  相似文献   

8.
胶州湾海洋黄色物质的生化成分分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
在实验室对胶州湾现场水样进行了处理、分析,获得了黄色物质溶液中六种生化成分在胶州湾的水平分布和测定数据,其中测得胶州湾黄色物质溶液中总脂质含量的平均值为21.03mg/dm3,游离氨基酸为1.75mg/dm3,总糖为1.41mg/dm3,氨基多糖为14.23μg/dm3,而胡萝卜素和酚分别为1.13和0.004μg/dm3.黄色物质在胶州湾海水中约为24.20mg/dm3.计算给出了胶州湾黄色物质中总脂质占86.90%,总糖占5.82%,游离氨基酸占7.22%,氨基多糖占0.06%,而胡萝卜素和酚所占比例甚小,与总脂质、氨基酸和总糖相比,约相差几个数量级.分析认为,胶州湾黄色物质以陆源输入为主,其生化成分分布受河流淡水入海流路和湾内环流等影响而被进一步扩散、输送.  相似文献   

9.
于2009年至2011年在黄河下游采集溶解及颗粒态营养盐样品,分析了黄河下游各形态营养盐的浓度变化及营养盐入海通量,结果表明各形态氮的浓度多呈丰水期低、枯水期高,溶解无机氮是溶解态氮的主要存在形式;受黄河高悬浮颗粒物含量的影响,磷以颗粒态占绝对优势,而溶解态磷以溶解无机磷为主要存在形态;生物硅的含量平均约占硅酸盐与生物硅之和的20%,硅的浓度丰水期高于枯水期.颗粒态磷与生物硅的含量与悬浮颗粒物含量呈正相关.营养盐的组成具有高氮磷比、高硅磷比、低硅氮比的特点.近年来黄河下游溶解无机氮浓度显著升高而溶解无机磷变化不大,硅酸盐的浓度有所下降.黄河下游水沙通量、营养盐入海通量有明显的季节变化,丰水期占全年总入海通量的42%~84%.调水调沙期间,各营养盐的浓度和组成均有明显变化,氮的浓度、DIN/PO4-P下降,磷与硅的浓度、SiO3-Si/DIN、SiO3-Si/PO4-P升高,颗粒态营养盐的比例明显增加.短期内大量水沙及营养盐入海通量对黄河口及渤海生态系统产生重要影响.  相似文献   

10.
在前人研究的基础上提出了基于非线性规划的排海通量最优化法(简称非线性规划法),以进行海域内非保守物质环境容量计算,并选取莱州湾这个水动力较强、面积较大的半封闭海域进行模拟、计算。为更好地保护生态环境,对于氮(N)、磷(P)等非保守物质(以无机氮(DIN)、无机磷(DIP)为例进行分析),选取其月最高浓度场数据,依次计算出莱州湾海域每个月的营养盐响应系数场,并进一步使用非线性规划法求解出营养盐的月环境容量。最终计算结果显示,21世纪初莱州湾的营养盐环境容量为:在保持莱州湾DIP排放现状不变的前提下,其DIN年环境容量为21 843t/a,剩余年环境容量为-8 264t/a,需要减少点源DIN的排放量;而在保持莱州湾DIN排放现状不变的前提下,其DIP年环境容量为1 794t/a,剩余年环境容量达1 485t/a,可继续容纳部分DIP的排放。  相似文献   

11.
The Jiaozhou Bay is characterized by heavy eutrophication that is associated with intensive anthropogenic activities. Four core sediments from the Jiaozhou Bay are analyzed using bulk technologies, including sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), the stable carbon(δ~(13)C) and nitrogen(δ~(15) N) isotopic composition to obtain the comprehensive understanding of the source and composition of sedimentary organic matter and further shed light on the environmental changes of the Jiaozhou Bay on a centennial time scale.Results suggest that the TOC and TN concentrations increase in the upper core, having indicated a probable eutrophication process since the 1920 s in the inner bay and the 2000 s in the bay mouth. The TOC and TN concentrations outside the bay have also changed since 1916 owing to the variation of terrigenous input.Considering TOC/TN ratio, δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N, it can be concluded there is a mixture of terrigenous and marine organic matter sources in the study area. A simple two end-member(terrigenous and marine) mixing model usingδ~(13) C indicats that 45%–79% of TOC in the Jiaozhou Bay is from the marine source. The environmental changes of the Jiaozhou Bay are recorded by geochemical proxies, which are influenced by the intensive anthropogenic activities(e.g., extensive use of fertilizers, and discharge of sewage) and climate changes(e.g., rainfall).  相似文献   

12.
Cycling of phosphorus in the Jiaozhou Bay   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP ),dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP ),particulate inorganic phosphorus (P IP ) and particulate organic phosphorus (P OP ) in the Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) and its adjacent major rivers were analyzed during 2001–2003.DIP was the major form of dissolved phosphorus in JZB,representing 62%–83% of the total dissolved phosphorus (T DP ),and the P IP concentration generally exceeded the P OP concentration.The concentrations of phosphorus were higher in the north than in the south of th...  相似文献   

13.
Phosphorus is a key element and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. The evolution of sedimentary environment is also influenced by phosphorus concentrations and fractions as well as phosphate sorption characteristics of the marine sediments. The geochemical characteristics of phosphorus and their environmental records were presented in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Profiles of different forms of phosphorus were measured as well as the roles and vertical distributions of phosphorus forms in response to sedimentary environment changes were investigated. The results showed that inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the major fraction of total phosphorus (TP); phosphorus which is bound to calcium, iron and occluded phosphorus, as well as the exchangeable phosphorus were the main forms of IP, especially calcium-phosphorus, including detrital carbonate-bound phosphorus (Det-P) and authigenic apatite-bound phosphorus (ACa-P), are the uppermost constituent of IP in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Moreover, the lead-210 chronology technology was employed to estimate how much phosphorus was buried ultimately in sediments. And the research showed that the impacts of human activities have increased remarkably in recent years especially between the 1980s and 2000. According to research, the development of Jiaozhou Bay environment in the past hundred years can be divided into three stages: (1) before the 1980s characterized by the relatively low sedimentation rate, weak land-derived phosphorus inputs and low anthropogenic impacts; (2) from the 1980s to around 2000, accelerating in the 1990s, during which high sedimentation rates, high phosphorus abundance and burial fluxes due to the severe human activities impacted on the whole environmental system; (3) after 2000, the period of the improvement of environment, the whole system has been improved including the decreasing sedimentation rates, concentration and the burial fluxes of phosphorus.  相似文献   

14.
A nitrogen and phosphorus dynamic model of mesocosm pelagic ecosystem was established according to the summary and synthesis of the models available, in which seven state variables (DIN, PO4-P, DON, DOP, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus) were included. Logically it had five modules--phytoplankton, zooplankton, dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved organic nutrients and detritus. The results showed that this model could simulate the variations of DIN, PO4-P, DON, DOP, POC and phytoplankton biomass in pelagic ecosystem in mesocosm properly, based on the site experiment data in the Jiaozhou Bay in the autumn of 1999 and the summer of 2000. Not only the logical structure but also the model parameters were feasible, and about 20 parameters were made to fit for the Jiaozhou Bay during the simulation. All of these are necessary to study the control mechanism of nutrients biogeochemical cycling in the Jiaozhou Bay and other China' s coastal waters.  相似文献   

15.
16.
胶州湾营养盐结构变化的研究   总被引:40,自引:5,他引:40  
于1985年8月-1986年12月和1991年5月-1993年11地胶州湾表层海水营养盐的调查,根据Justic等建立的浮游植物生长的化学计量及可能营养盐限制因素标准,并结合海洋硅藻正常所需的Si,N,P之间的原子比,用数学统计的方法研究了胶放湾表层海不营养盐结构,结果表明,含有丰富溶我机氮和磷的胶州湾,Si:P的值有显著的下降,同时Si:DIN和DIN:P的值也表现出下降的趋势,使胶州湾水域营养  相似文献   

17.
An eco-hydrodynamic model was used to estimate the carrying capacity of pollutant loads and response of water quality to environmental change in Yeoja Bay, Korea. An energy-system model also was used to simulate the fluctuation in nutrients and organic matter in the bordering wetland. Most water quality factors showed a pulsed pattern, and the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter of seawater increased when input loads of nutrients increased due to freshwater discharge. The well-developed tidal zones and wetlands in the northern area of the bay were highly sensitive to input loads. Residence times of water, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) within the bay were estimated to be about 16 days, 43.2 days, and 50.2 days, respectively. Water quality reacted more sensitively to the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus input than to COD. A plan to reduce the present levels of COD and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) by 20–30% and DIN by at least 50% in pollutant loads is needed for satisfying the target water quality criteria. The natural removal rate of nutrients in wetlands by reeds was assessed to be approximately 10%.  相似文献   

18.
根据2009年8月在乳山湾及其毗邻海域的综合调查,分析了该海域表层沉积物中有机碳、氮、磷含量及其组成形态的变化,初步探讨了影响底质理化参数变化的原因及对乳山湾外近岸底层低氧形成的影响.结果表明,乳山湾外近海为粉砂质岸滩,以细颗粒为主;底质中有机碳含量介于0.49% ~0.93%,平均值为0.69%;总氮含量介于382~1020 mg/kg,平均值为671 mg/kg;可溶性总氮含量介于23.0 ~ 60.0 mg/kg,平均值为44.0mg/kg,其中可溶性有机氮和氨氮分别占可溶性总氮的58.8%和38.8%;总磷含量介于138~769 mg/kg,平均值为356 mg/kg,有机磷是占有绝对优势的磷形态(62.5%).研究区域沉积物中总氮和湾内相当,有机碳、总磷含量普遍低于乳山湾内,但均明显高于南黄海区域,且呈还原性状态.调查区域内沉积物中相对较高的有机碳、氮、磷可能是在潮流作用下乳山湾与外海的物质交换所致,其耗氧过程是导致底层溶解氧亏损的重要原因,值得进一步关注.  相似文献   

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