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1.
采用周期性边界条件的密度泛函理论研究Zn(OH)42-在针铁矿(010)晶面的吸附结构和稳定性,得到了Zn(OH)42-吸附前后键长的变化规律。计算结果表明:当Zn(OH)42-通过共用O原子在针铁矿表面发生吸附时,平均ZnbridgeO键长较自由Zn(OH)42-的平均Zn-O键长有增长趋势,而平均Zn-O键长则有缩短趋势;Zn(OH)42-在针铁矿(010)晶面进行化学吸附时,双角DC2吸附方式为优势吸附物种。各吸附构型的稳定性顺序为DC2>SE1>DC1>SC1>SC2。 相似文献
2.
缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)微卫星标记的分离及近缘物种通用性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用磁珠富集和PCR筛选相结合的方法,得到12对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)的多态性微卫星引物。每个位点的观测等位基因数为2—15个,有效等位基因数为1.0339—8.8063个;观测杂合度(Ho)为0.0333—1.0000,平均观测杂合度为0.7525;期望杂合度(He)为0.0333—0.9020,平均期望杂合度为0.6866;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.0320—0.8680。所有位点中,有8个位点属于高度多态位点(PIC0.5),SC1-5和SC4-6属于低度多态位点(PIC0.25);经Bonferroni校正后,无显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡的位点;连锁不平衡检验结果表明,位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象。此外,分析了这些引物在近缘种长竹蛏(Solen strictus)、大竹蛏(Solen grandis)和小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)的通用性情况,结果显示:长竹蛏中,位点SC1-4、SC2-8、SC3-1、SC3-14表现出了高度多态(PIC0.5);在大竹蛏中,位点SC3-4、SC3-7、SC4-6表现出了高度多态性(PIC0.5),SC2-9为低态位点(PIC0.25);在小刀蛏中,位点SC1-7、SC2-9、SC3-4、SC3-14表现出了高度多态性(PIC0.5),SC4-6为低态位点(PIC0.25)。 相似文献
3.
实验结果表明,氧化物表面物种决定了氧化物体系电泳淌度。由于δ-MnO_2表面交换位置以R-O~θ为主,针铁矿在低pH时以R—OH为主,故铜(Ⅱ)使δ-MnO_2电泳淌度增大,而使针铁矿电泳淌度变得更负。由于组氨酸-针铁矿之间的阳离子交换,组氨酸使针铁矿或铜(Ⅱ)-针铁矿电泳淌度变得更负。而在δ-MnO_2表面组氨酸可脱羧成为组胺,组胺-δ-MnO_2之间的阳离子交换使δ-MnO_2或铜(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2电泳淌度增大。但甘氨酸脱羧产物甲胺对铜(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2电泳淌度无影响。电泳实验进一步证明δ-MnO_2能将氨基酸氧化为胺,而针铁矿则不能。 相似文献
4.
用密度泛函(DFT)B3LYP方法研究了Cd(Ⅱ)水合与水解产物的几何结构、电子结构及稳定性.结果表明,水合产物的稳定性均优于水解产物,其稳定性顺序为:Cd(OH)2-4相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(10)
采用密度泛函理论,在分子水平上研究了负载金团簇对金红石型二氧化钛光催化性能的影响及机理。优化得到了6种金团簇(n=2-7)稳定结构,并分别吸附于金红石型二氧化钛(110)面形成稳定吸附体系。研究表明,Au_n团簇与TiO_2(110)面上的氧原子形成共价键,属于化学吸附,Au-O键长是影响体系稳定性的主要因素,奇数Au_n团簇吸附稳定性优于偶数的,出现奇偶振荡现象; Au_n团簇使TiO_2能带发生裂分,在禁带中增加多个能级,随着Au_n团簇的增大,TiO_2禁带宽度明显变窄,吸收光进入可见光区,增强了二氧化钛的光催化性能。 相似文献
6.
研究了ｐＨ 和总钼酸根浓度对海水中钼酸根在针铁矿上吸附的影响。钼酸根在针铁矿上的吸附等温线为Ｓ型。假设海水中钼酸根在针铁矿表面的吸附,是在双电层的内Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔ 层中的能量相等的不同位置上进行的,并考虑到吸附的钼酸根之间存在着横向相互作用,由此推导得到的吸附等温式可描述钼酸根在针铁矿上的Ｓ型吸附等温线,并计算得到钼酸根在针铁矿上的最大吸附量为４ ．７６ ×１０－ ５ｍｏｌ／ｇ。钼酸根在针铁矿上的吸附受溶液ｐＨ影响,吸附密度随ｐＨ 的增加而降低。加入到海水中的钼约有２０ ％ 可被水合氧化铁的清除作用所转移。 相似文献
7.
海水氧化镁(烧结后亦称海水镁砂)具有纯度高、成份稳定,既可制得高质量产品,生产中又易于配料等优点,因而是炼钢炉碱性耐火材料的优良原料。 当用石灰乳以海水沉淀镁时,因Mg(OH)_2胶体带正电荷,海水中硼呈B(OH)_4-负离子,由于静电吸引,将硼一起吸附下来;若海水中硼全部被Mg(OH)_2胶体吸附,可使MgO中的硼含量达到0.7％(以B_2O_3计)。Byrne和Kestor指出,海水中B(OH)_4-负离子有部分与Na~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)等形成络合物NaB(OH)_4,MgB(OH)_4~+,CaB(OH)~+,它们不带电荷或 相似文献
8.
用批量平衡实验法研究了腐殖酸(Humic acid,HA)在4种矿物蒙脱石、高岭石、针铁矿和水锰矿上的吸附。Freundlich和Langmuir模型都可以很好地描述吸附行为。矿物对腐殖酸的吸附能力顺序为:针铁矿水锰矿蒙脱石高岭石。增大盐度有利于促进吸附,但溶解有机质对吸附影响很小。腐殖酸在蒙脱石、高岭石和水锰矿3种矿物上的吸附随溶液pH值的升高而减少,而在针铁矿上的吸附只有当pH值高于7时才逐渐降低。腐殖酸在矿物表面上的作用机制最可能是疏水作用和氢键作用。 相似文献
9.
本文研究了海水中氨基酸对金属离子M(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换的影响。实验结果表明,在pH=1—8.5时,较高浓度(20.00ppm)谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸以及低浓度(0.20ppm)组氨酸对Cd(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换没有影响,而较高浓度(20.00ppm)组氨酸则有较大影响,其影响程度是Cu(Ⅱ)>Cd(Ⅱ)>Zn(Ⅱ),该序列与胺抑制影响因子F_A(ψ)序列相同。这进一步证明氨基酸在δ-MnO_2表面脱羧成胺,然后胺通过与M(Ⅱ)络合和表面吸附来抑制M(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换。加入氨基酸时的M(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换等温线仍为L-F-3型,且可用表面分级离子交换理论之等温式描述。 相似文献
10.
舟山渔场针乌贼(Sepia andreana)的生物学特性及其渔场分布变迁 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
采用海洋生物资源调查研究方法,进行了舟山渔场针乌贼生物学特征及其渔场分布变迁的研究。结果表明,针乌贼胴长范围为98—178mm、平均为143.1mm,体重范围为119.4—733.7g、平均为403.8g,卵巢成熟度以4、5期为主、分别占总雌体数的36.92%和24.62%、怀卵数为77—745egg/female,摄食强度范围为0—4级,以0—1级为主,雌性摄食强度高于雄性;胴长与体重的关系为Y=-41.0709-0.5718X 0.0255X2,内壳长与胴长的关系为Y=0.8709 1.0124X,卵巢重与胴长的关系为Y=124.3780 1.4004X;历史上主要分布在北方海区的针乌贼,近几年来逐步在舟山渔场出现,并且渔获数量有不断增加的趋势,渔场分布发生了变迁。 相似文献
11.
Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors. 相似文献
12.
About ScienceDirect 《Coastal Engineering》2005,52(12):1175-1187
13.
Abstract. Populations of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla were studied on tidal flats in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Biometric analysis showed a sexual dimorphism, especially in propodus size. Size frequency distributions revealed the presence of large animals during all seasons; recruitment by juveniles occurred in autumn. Moult intervals and moult increments were determined in the laboratory and used to generate growth curves which were compared with those calculated from size frequency distributions. The life span of U, pusilla is over 5 years. Ovigerous females occurred between March and September. Egg numbers were high in spring, lower in summer and increased with body size. The incubation time of embryos was 35 days; a female produces an estimated number of three egg batches during the breeding season. A total annual production of 994 kJ was estimated for a theoretical population of 100 animals; 13.5 % is spent for somatic growth, 31 % for egg production of females, and 55.2% is lost as exuviae. The population structures, growth and breeding patterns, as well as embryonic and larval development within the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Abstract. The distribution of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied at four sites in the North Adriatic Sea: 1) a tidal flat in the lagoon of Grado, 2) a tidal flat at Lido di Staranzano near the mouth of the Isonzo, 3) a mud flat seawards of a salt marsh in a protected bay north of Rovinj, and 4) a sublittoral station in 6m depth near Aurisina. Information on grain size distribution, organic content, amount of debris, redox profiles and pH of sediment as well as temperature and salinity is given. Density, as determined by hole counts and a hole: burrow relationship derived from resin casting, generally increased with increasing water depth in the intertidal. The upper limits ranged between +10cm (Rovinj) and -20cm (Grado); densities between mean water and low water level varied strongly due to microtopography and macrophyte cover. Maximum densities in the intertidal ranged from 189 (Grado) to 2420 (Rovinj, juveniles) animals m2 . Shrimp density at the sublittoral station ranged between 80 and 230 m"2 . The zonation of the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae with respect to environmental parameters is discussed. 相似文献
15.
J. A. Colman 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):693-697
The unique holotype of Arnoglossus boops Hector is compared with specimens of Arnoglossus scapha (Schneider). It is concluded that the two species are identical, and that A. boops is therefore a junior synonym of A. scapha. 相似文献
16.
J. A. Colman 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):575-579
A juvenile (26 mm) specimen of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) is figured and described. Differences between the juvenile and adult forms, and characters distinguishing juvenile C. nudipinnis from the young of other New Zealand species of flatfish, are noted. 相似文献
17.
北方春季时期印度次大陆和西藏高原的差异性增热吸引了印度洋的潮湿空气穿越印度大陆,产生了世界上最显著的西南印度夏季季风(ISM)体系(Webster,1987)。世界上大约25%的人口受到这种季节降雨的影响。20世纪60年代末期,印度约150万人死于连续3年的季风失常(重大灾害数据库,2005) 相似文献
18.
Laboratory experiments were conducted on the light-induced dissolution of three well defined Fe(III) (hydr)oxide phases (γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, and α-Fe2O3) with oxalate as reductant/ligand. Upon irradiation of an aerated γ-FeOOH suspension of pH 3, photooxidation of oxalate and photochemical formation of dissolved Fe(II) occurred according to a 1:1 stoichiometry. This was not observed with aerated α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 suspensions of pH 3, where photooxidation of oxalate was not accompanied by formation of appreciable concentrations of dissolved Fe(II). We hypothesize that in aerated α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 suspensions, oxidation of surface Fe(II) outcompetes its detachment from the crystal lattice. Also in deaerated suspensions, α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 behaved differently from γ-FeOOH with regard to light-induced dissolution. We interpret our results by assuming that light-induced dissolution of α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 in deaerated suspensions of pH 3 occurred mainly through Fe(II)-catalyzed thermal dissolution of the solid phases, where Fe(II) was initially formed by photoreductive dissolution and then predominantly via photolysis of dissolved Fe(III) oxalate complexes. With γ-FeOOH, on the other hand, dissolved Fe(II) formation occurred probably mainly through photochemical reductive dissolution under photooxidation of adsorbed oxalate. From our results we conclude that the efficiency of detachment of reduced surface iron is a key parameter of the overall kinetics of photoreductive dissolution of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides in aquatic systems, and that thermodynamically stable phases such as α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 are not readily dissolved in the presence of O2, even at low pH-values and in the presence of light and reductants like oxalate. We propose that redox cycling of iron at the surface of crystalline Fe(III) (hydr)oxide phases, i.e. reduction and oxidation of surface iron without transfer into solution, may be an important pathway of transformation of thermodynamically stable atmospheric Fe(III) (hydr)oxides into less stable and thus more soluble phases. 相似文献
19.
东山湾海水中Fe(II)和Fe(III)相互转化围隔实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2008 年8 月与11 月在东山湾海域获得的调查资料对表层水中溶解态Fe(II)和Fe(III)含量、浮游植物叶绿素a、营养元素及其浓度等环境参数进行分析。结果表明, 夏、秋季海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例均与浮游植物叶绿素a 呈正相关, 其相关系数分别为0.7959、0.9219。现场围隔实验表明, 海水中总溶解态Fe 含量在24 h 内有较大的变化, 最大减少量达到17.4%。DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例随光照强度增加而增加。最高值与初始值相比较, 叶绿素a 较高的DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度增加较叶绿素a 较低的DS5 号站点高0.053μg/L。Fe(II)和Fe(III)加富实验研究了溶解态的Fe(II)和Fe(III)在海水中相互转化。高浓度的Fe(II)在海水中被氧化成Fe(III),海水中浮游植物也会引发光还原作用使Fe(III)还原成Fe(II)。 相似文献
20.
通过实验室培养研究了旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve)和小普林藻(Prymnesium parvum Carter)生长周期内培养液中二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸(DMSP)的含量。结果表明,2种微藻均能释放DMS,但小普林藻单细胞释放的DMS浓度约是旋链角毛藻的500倍。在藻类生长的不同阶段,它们释放DMS和DMSP的能力存在较大差异,但2种藻类DMS大量释放均出现在衰亡期。同时研究了盐度对2种微藻DMS释放的影响,结果表明高盐度会促进小普林藻DMS和DMSP的释放,而对旋链角毛藻DMSP的释放未有显著影响。 相似文献