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1.
根据2010-06—09北太平洋海区柔鱼(Ommastrephe bartrami)的现场调查资料,对其群体组成、胴长与体重的关系、性腺成熟度、摄食等级和渔获产量变化作了初步研究。结果表明:2010-06东部海区(170°～178°W,38°～41°N)优势胴长组为280～300mm,优势体重组为800～1 000g,性成熟度以Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ期为主,摄食等级5级均有分布;2010-07—09西部传统渔场海区(150°～157°E,38°～44°N)优势胴长组为200～260mm,体重组为200～600g,柔鱼各项生长指标呈逐日上升趋势,性成熟度以Ⅰ和Ⅱ期为主,摄食等级都以2级以上为主。柔鱼性成熟度群体百分比与高摄食强度呈显著的负相关,即性成熟度越高,摄食等级越低;性成熟度越低,摄食等级越高。 相似文献
2.
东太平洋赤道附近海域茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas) 渔业生物学的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2011年东太平洋赤道附近海域探捕期间采集的1178尾茎柔鱼样本,进行了茎柔鱼的生物学特性研究。结果表明:茎柔鱼胴长范围为201—421mm,平均胴长为290mm,优势胴长为260—320mm;体重范围为200—2650g,平均体重为1000g,优势体重为600—1000g;胴长与体重关系呈幂指数关系;雌、雄性比为2.59:1;性腺成熟度以I、Ⅱ期为主;缠卵腺长和缠卵腺重随着性腺的成熟而逐步增大;雌性初次性成熟胴长为397.2mm;摄食等级以0—1级为主;与其它海域相比,该海域茎柔鱼个体差异明显,主要为小型群体。 相似文献
3.
南沙群岛北部海域鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)夏季渔业生物学研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用自动鱿钓(AJ)和灯光罩网(LAFN)定点采样,对南沙群岛北部海域(12—16°N,112—116°E)鸢乌贼生长、繁殖、摄食及资源分布等进行研究。结果表明:灯光罩网渔获中鸢乌贼的胴长范围为65—231mm,体质量范围为6—580g;自动鱿钓鸢乌贼胴长范围为108—215mm,体质量范围为38—400g。自动鱿钓和灯光罩网鸢乌贼雌雄性比分别为32.0和1.4。南沙鸢乌贼雌性个体出现两个性腺发育高峰期,即101—120mm与161mm以上胴长组,4—7月为繁殖高峰期。鸢乌贼以大眼标灯鱼、尖头燕鳐等中上层鱼类为主,还摄食同类以及钩腕乌贼属等其它头足类及少数蟹类,雌雄个体摄食强度随胴长增加而增加。自动鱿钓CPUE(单位捕捞努力量渔获量)为1—38pc/(line·h),平均值为12pc/(line·h);而灯光罩网CPUE为15—50kg/net,平均值为35.7kg/net。南沙群岛北部海域鸢乌贼具有重要的经济学和营养生态学研究价值,灯光罩网是开展南海鸢乌贼渔业资源研究的较佳采样方式。 相似文献
4.
体征表征动物个体的健康状况,影响个体的体型及其生殖价值。乌贼(Sepia officinalis)营终生一次繁殖产卵,但性腺发育成熟个体的体征变化过程尚未可知。为此,本研究利用残差指标分析方法,对毛里塔尼亚外海分布的乌贼成熟个体的体征及其与体型、摄食强度关系进行了分析研究。结果显示,乌贼雌性成熟个体胴长范围为138~323 mm,雄性成熟个体胴长范围为135~343 mm;两者胴长呈单峰值区间分布,体质量与胴长呈显著的幂函数关系,幂函数拟合b值小于3。雌性、雄性成熟个体的体征存在一定的波动变化但不显著,在功能性成熟产卵期仍保持较好状态。同时,体征与胴长没有显著的函数关系,但是与胃饱满度密切相关,胃饱满度越高、体征越好;并且雌性、雄性成熟个体的空胃率比较低,在14%~34%之间。结果表明,毛里塔尼亚外海乌贼成熟个体保持个体生长,通过正常的摄食活动保持较好的体征。 相似文献
5.
印度洋西北部公海鸢乌贼资源特征及其与海况的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2004年9月~2005年4月我国鱿钓船在印度洋西北部12°N~21°30′N,58°E~65°E获得的鸢乌贼资源调查资料,对其资源特征及其与海况关系进行了分析。研究认为,调查海域内鸢乌贼均有一定的分布,其中以14°30′N、60°E~63°E附近海域CPUE为最高。渔获物胴长范围为163~560 mm,优势胴长组为280~440 mm,占总数的70.51%,平均胴长为365.0 mm。渔获个体组成随纬度变化差异显著,而随经度变化差异不明显。16°N以南海域,雌性个体一般以Ⅰ、Ⅱ期为主;16°N以北海域,则以Ⅲ~Ⅴ期为主。分析还认为,鸢乌贼分布与表温、海面高度距平关系密切,9~11月适宜表温为27~28℃,12月~翌年3月为26~27℃,高产渔场大都分布在海面高度距平SSHA≤0的附近海域。 相似文献
6.
南海大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼生物学特性及其分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2010年3月—2013年2月南海金枪鱼延绳钓探捕与渔业生产监测取得的生物学数据和生产数据,对南海的大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)和黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacres)的生物学特性和渔场分布进行了研究。结果表明:(1)南海大眼金枪鱼叉长范围50—169cm,平均为111.8cm,体重范围2.45—87kg,平均为33.2kg,叉长(FL)体重(W)关系:W=1.74×10–5FL3.01,性腺成熟度Ⅱ期居多,占总尾数的45.27%。绝对怀卵量109.46—456.95万粒,摄食强度以0—2级为主。大眼金枪鱼延绳钓渔场春夏季分布于南沙西北部和南沙中西部海域;秋冬季分布于西、中沙和南沙西北部海域。渔获水深90%集中在150—400m。(2)南海黄鳍金枪鱼叉长范围41—180cm,平均为107.9cm,体重范围1.2—77.5kg,平均为27.9kg,叉长体重关系:W=2.19×10–5FL2.94,性腺成熟度以Ⅱ—Ⅳ期居多,占总尾数的89.01%,绝对怀卵量15—154万粒,摄食强度以1—2级为主。黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔场春夏季分布于南沙西北部和南沙中西部海域;秋冬季分布于西、中沙、南沙西北部、南沙中西部海域。渔获水深93.75%集中在50—350m。西沙西部和南沙西北部海域是灯光围网和灯光罩网捕捞金枪鱼的重要渔场。研究认为:(1)在南海可发展小型冷海水延绳钓船,在每年10月末—次年5月初在西沙东北海域开展浅水延绳钓作业;(2)在南海的岛礁附近设置PAYAO群,开展金枪鱼灯光罩网或围网捕捞。(3)目前取得的资料仍然有限,未来仍需进一步调查,以掌握南海金枪鱼种群动态,为渔业开发和养护提供建议。 相似文献
7.
东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)的体型月间变化及环境效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了掌握茎柔鱼体型生长变化及其与栖息环境因子的效应关系, 2017年2—4月和6—8月,在东太平洋赤道海域逐月随机采集了3 628尾茎柔鱼样本,进行体质量、胴长的月间变化分析和胴长与海表温、叶绿素a浓度的效应关系研究。结果显示,雌性个体胴长分布范围为163—468mm,体质量分布范围为123—3034g;雄性个体胴长分布范围为171—475mm,体质量分布范围为145—2 681 g。不同月份之间,雌性、雄性个体的胴长和体质量均存在显著性差异,雌雄性个体胴长、体质量均以2月份的最大, 6—8月份的较小。然而,每个月份雌性、雄性个体的胴长分布均为单峰值区间分布。体质量-胴长幂函数关系显示,2—4月份雌雄性个体多倾向于匀速生长、体征较差,6—8月份个体则以负异速生长为主、体征较为良好。雌性、雄性个体胴长与采样海域海表温、采样纬度呈显著的正效应关系,采样海域叶绿素a浓度对雌性胴长产生正效应影响。研究表明,东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼体型的月间差异性显著,体型变化与采样海域海表温、采样纬度关系密切,并且雌性体型与海域叶绿素a浓度呈正效应关系。 相似文献
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9.
两性个体的有效鉴别是曼氏无针乌贼高效繁育及养殖模式(如单性养殖)建立的基础。为研究曼氏无针乌贼主要形态指标及雌雄形态差异,测量了160只F1代曼氏无针乌贼的19项可测量性状及13项标准化性状。采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析方法研究了曼氏无针乌贼同生群两性间的形态差异。结果表明:两性间可测量性状和标准化性状各有10项有显著性差异(P0.05);对标准化性状经过主成分分析和R-聚类分析均显示曼氏无针乌贼的两性的差异主要集中在辅助交配器官特征,头部特征,捕食器官和肥瘦特征以及体型特征等4个方面。在此基础上,通过逐步判别法从标准化性状中筛选出3项,即左3腕长/胴长、左4腕长/胴长及左触腕长/胴长,建立了雌雄的判别方程:雄性:F1=223.42X3+165.85X4+7.951X5–108.06;雌性:F2=151.48X3+92.71X4+19.19X5–60.38。所建立的判别方程,对样本群体的综合判别率达到95.00%。利用F2代亲体测量数据对判别函数进行识别验证,综合判别率达到85.34%。在判别方程中的3个标准化性状中,左3腕长/胴长和左4腕长/胴长在两性亲体间均存在显著的差异(P0.05),表明曼氏无针乌贼的雄性在性选择的作用下,交配器官存在显著差异。 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(7)
根据2015年8—10月开展的4次金乌贼跟踪回捕调查,对灵山湾及胶南近海金乌贼的生长、分布、资源密度及增殖放流效果进行了初步评价。研究显示:在金乌贼群体资源生物量密度和尾数密度方面,8月28日平均生物量和尾数最低,10月4日平均尾数密度最高,10月26日平均生物量最高,且灵山岛西南海域的相对资源密度显著高于灵山湾海域,各航次幼乌贼出现频率均为100%;伴随幼乌贼的生长,资源高密度区由灵山湾向灵山岛西南海域的深水区逐步偏移。调查期间幼乌贼生长迅速,胴长(ML)总平均增长率为0.46mm/d,体重(TW)总平均增长率为0.46g/d,胴长-体重关系式为TW=8.0×10~(-4) ML~(2.6642),胴长、体重与日龄均呈S型曲线关系。分子检测结果表明,在随机抽测的4个航次共288只回捕个体中,有14只个体在6个微卫星位点上可找到与其对应的亲本,判定为放流苗种,占随机抽测的回捕个体的比例约4.86%,放流初期金乌贼增殖效果显著。本研究为金乌贼增殖放流提供了基础数据,为放流后金乌贼资源的科学养护、合理开发提供了科学依据,有助于金乌贼增殖放流管理策略的制定。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献