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1.
Coastal salt-marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. The total area of coastal wetlands exceeds 5000 km2 in Jiangsu Province, China, but it is decreasing rapidly in response to the intense reclamation activities and coastal erosion along a part of the coastline. Hence, two types of plants, Spartina angelica and Spartina alterniflora, were introduced successively into the Jiangsu coastal areas, in order to protect the coastline from erosion and to increase the accumulation rate. Pb-210 and Cs-137 analyses were carried out for sediment samples from the salt-marshes of Wanggang to determine the sedimentation rate, on the basis of an evaluation of the background activity values and the factors affecting the enrichment of Pb-210. Analysis of a typical sediment column of the tidal flat shows that there is weak absorption of Pb-210 in the silt-dominated sediment. Because of the influences of factors such as storm events, bioturbation, material sources and analytical error, some abnormal data points appear in the Pb-210 record. After ignoring these data the calculated sedimentation rate was 3.3 cm yr-1 on average. Based upon analysis of the Cs-137 dating, the rate since 1963 was 3.1 cm yr-1 on average, similar to the data by Pb-210 dating and the previous studies. The dating results show that there were three stages of sedimentation, with the most rapid accretion being taking place after Spartina angelica was introduced into the area. The study also shows that at the stage of Spartina alterniflora growth, the accretion rate was higher than on the flat surface with the same elevation without the cover of this plant.  相似文献   

2.
Sedimentation rates in the Wanggang salt marshes, Jiangsu   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1 IntroductionLand-ocean interaction in coastalzone is one of the key m atters of the International G eosphereand Biosphere Program (IG BP). The key problem s of the second phase in the next decadeinclude the m aterial cycle, the system evolution process …  相似文献   

3.
江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率   总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35  
江苏海岸湿地总面积超过5000km^2,但围垦活动的加剧使盐沼湿地面积迅速减少;为了达到海岸防护、保滩促淤的目的,先后引种了大米草和互花米草。通过采集江苏王港潮滩盐沼湿地9处柱状样和挖取探槽剖面,以及对沉积剖面样品进行^210Pb和^137Cs测年分析,探讨了^210Pb的本底及影响^210Pb富集的因素,估算了王港盐沼湿地的现代沉积速率。王港潮滩盐沼沉积物对^210Pb的吸附作用较弱;受风暴潮、生物扰动、物源变化及实验误差等因素的影响,在^210Pbex剖面上出现了数据异常点,将这些数据点剔除后计算得到的沉积速率为33cm yr^-1,^137Cs测年显示,该地区1963年以来的平均沉积速率3.1cm yr^-1,与^210Pb法及前人研究结果相一致。根据一个典型剖面的^137Cs测年数据分析,王港潮滩盐沼的沉积过程根据地貌特征的不同可分3个阶段,大米草覆盖阶段滩面高程迅速增加,互花米草的生长提高了滩面淤积速率。  相似文献   

4.
江苏沿海互花米草盐沼动态变化及影响因素研究   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
收集1988~2001年12个时相的江苏盐城幅卫星影像,提取双洋河口至梁垛河闸之间的互花米草盐沼,统计不同时期的分布信息。分析表明:互花米草盐沼在江苏扩张非常迅速,到2001年7月互花米草盐沼分布面积达129.28km^2,从射阳河口至梁垛河闸之间的潮间中上带泥滩大部分已被互花米草盐沼所覆盖;由于生态位的影响,互花米草盐沼沿平行于海岸线方向扩张速度快于垂直于海岸线方向的扩张速度;依据野外调查和卫星影像分析,互花米草盐沼扩张可分为立地、快速扩张及成熟3个阶段。此外,还对互花米草盐沼的影响因素进行了探讨。  相似文献   

5.
人类活动对苏北潮滩发育的影响   总被引:14,自引:5,他引:9  
吴小根  王爱军 《地理科学》2005,25(5):614-620
江苏北部潮滩宽阔而平坦,历史上就是人类活动比较频繁的地区。随着对潮滩开发利用强度和深度的增加,人类对潮滩发育的影响越来越显著。潮滩剖面自然发育的均衡形态为上凸型;潮滩被围垦并建堤后,改变了原有的水沙动态平衡关系,潮滩剖面形态发生了调整,海堤附近的潮水沟则不断被淤积。大米草和互花米草等植被的引种改变了潮滩生态结构,由于植被能降低水流流速和波浪能量,起到捕捉沉积物的作用,因此能增加潮间带滩面的淤积速率,改变潮滩分带结构;此外,植被的存在还影响到滩面潮水沟的形态。港口工程的建设改变了沉积物的输运方向。  相似文献   

6.
近期长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
圆陀角位于长江北支岸线与江苏海岸线的交会处,独特的互花米草潮滩、淤泥质光滩环境和复杂的河海沉积动力,决定了潮滩地貌对海洋环境变化的响应具有敏感性。由于大规模的围垦,圆陀角附近过去40年来海岸线向东推进了6km。根据2006年以来多次的野外调查和室内粒度与钻孔岩芯的137Cs分析, 2006年以来圆陀角附近潮滩淤积明显加强,由137Cs时标估算的互花米草滩多年平均沉积速率为2.3cm/a, 2006~2008年观测到的互花米草滩淤积速率>4cm/a,粉砂淤泥质光滩的淤积速率更高;圆陀角风景区内互花米草滩前缘陡坎在风暴潮影响下侵蚀后退,并因粉砂淤泥质光滩的快速淤长而消亡,圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态是对人类围垦活动、风暴潮与潮汐海洋动力的综合响应,互花米草与光滩快速淤积是近期圆陀角附近潮滩地貌演化的主要特点。  相似文献   

7.
互花米草引种对苏北潮滩湿地 TOC 、TN和TP分布的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
分析了TOC、TN和TP在苏北潮滩湿地不同生态带沉积物和植被中的分布状况,结果表明:TOC和TN的水平和垂向平均含量以互花米草滩为最高,其次分别为盐蒿滩、芦苇滩和光滩。TP的平均含量以光滩为最高,依次由海向陆逐渐减小。在生物量最大期间(秋季),单位面积上互花米草体内TOC、TN和TP的累积量远大于盐蒿和芦苇。互花米草主要通过以下4个方面对研究区潮滩湿地TOC、TN和TP的分布产生影响:(1)互花米草滩面较高的沉积速率;(2)互花米草对整个潮滩湿地不同植被分布格局的改变;(3)互花米草有着高生产力以及巨大的地下生物量;(4)互花米草的生长特性使其在生长过程中对磷的需求量很大。  相似文献   

8.
针对潮滩环境中潮汐和坡度变化对海岸线变化监测的影响,提出一种通过两景影像计算潮滩坡降进而准确获得海岸线的方法,并利用坡降值估算潮滩体积。以岸线变化较剧烈的黄河三角洲南部的甜水沟口至小清河口的粉砂淤泥质潮滩为例进行应用研究。结合遥感影像、实测固定断面数据和水深测量数据分析表明,影像间的潮差对坡降估算值虽有较大影响,但选择合适潮位估算潮滩坡降是可行的,估算坡降的最小相对误差可达0.2%,均方根误差小于实测坡降一个数量级。1973-2009 年甜水沟口至小清河口14 个年份的岸线变化分析显示,黄河改道对本区的直接淤积影响在甜水沟向南3 km范围内,最大淤积区位于甜水沟口附近,年均淤积率31 m/a,而后在1989-2002 年海区南部出现较大幅度淤积,主要为黄河入海水沙直接或间接淤积造成的;研究时段内岸滩总体演化趋势为蚀退,最大年均蚀退速率51 m/a,黄河改道造成的海洋动力变化是影响本区海岸冲刷的主要因素。验证表明,本文方法计算的潮滩体积用于指示海滩冲淤变迁是合理可行的。  相似文献   

9.
互花米草盐沼潮沟地貌特征   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
互花米草是我国从国外引进的能在淤泥质潮滩的高潮带下部和中潮带上部生长的禾木科植物,由于其植株高大、群落盖度高、根系发达等生物学特性,其对潮流动力特征有显著的影响。本文通过对江苏省东台市笆斗垦区外互花米草盐沼地的潮沟形态调查,发现互花米草盐沼潮沟具有以下一些特征:潮沟密度大,可达50km/km2以上;潮沟的宽深比小,大多在8以下;沿岸堤发育,且多呈不对称状;一级主潮沟与主潮沟接头处普遍呈逆弧形;盐沼外侧边缘发育有明显的陡坎冲沟。分析认为这些特征主要与互花米草发达的根系和致密的植株等生物学特性有关,发达的根系增加了盐沼滩面的稳定性,而互花米草高大的植株增加了对潮水运动的阻力,提高了滩面落潮水的归槽水位,改变了潮流的泥沙沉积地点和涨、落潮流的流向,从而形成比较特别的互花米草盐沼潮沟特征。  相似文献   

10.
Low‐energy gamma ray spectroscopy has been employed to estimate floodplain sedimentation rates using measurements of 210Pb in floodplain alluvium. The utility of the technique is assessed through the analysis of excess (unsupported) 210Pb profiles in three sediment cores taken from the floodplain of the Labasa River on Vanua Levu in northern Fiji. A low‐energy germanium spectrometer (LEGe) was used for the nondestructive determination of excess 210Pb in a region cultivated intensively with sugarcane. Measured average historical (c. 25 years) vertical accretion rates are between 2.2 and 4.4 cm yr?1. The findings are broadly comparable with published sedimentation rates from analyses of radionuclide profiles elsewhere in the tropical South Pacific Islands, but the rates are higher than those measured previously at the same Labasa River sites using 137Cs profiles. Accelerated soil erosion owing to cane burning and land tillage seems to be largely responsible for sediment production, although flood‐related effects such as channel accretion by coarse bedload and the emplacement of large organic debris also influence floodplain sedimentation. However, application of the 210Pb technique in Fiji (and perhaps neighbouring island countries) is found to have serious drawbacks compared to the more robust 137Cs method, owing principally to the low 210Pb concentrations in the sandy alluvial sediment tested.  相似文献   

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