共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
V. V. Maslennikov N. R. Ayupova S. P. Maslennikova A. Yu. Lein A. S. Tseluiko L. V. Danyushevsky R. R. Large V. A. Simonov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2017,52(4):334-334
The ore-formational, ore-facies, lithological, and mineralogical-geochemical criteria are defined for the detection of hydrothermal ecosystem fauna in ores of the volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the Urals. Abundant mineralized microfauna is found mainly in massive sulfide mounds formed in the jasperous basalt (Buribai, Priorsk, Yubileinoe, Sultanov), rhyolite—basalt (Yaman-Kasy, Blyava, Komosomol’sk, Sibai, Molodezhnoe, Valentorsk), and the less common serpentinite (Dergamysh) formations of the Urals (O—D2). In the ore-formational series of the massive sulfide deposits, probability of the detection of mineralized fauna correlates inversely with the relative abundance of felsic volcanic rocks underlying the ores. This series is also marked by a gradual disappearance of colloform pyrite, marcasite, isocubanite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite pseudomorphoses after pyrrhotite; increase of the amount of bornite, fahlores, and barite; decrease of contents of Se, Te, Co, and Sn in chalcopyrite and sphalerite; and inсrease of Tl, As, Sb, and Pb in the colloform pyrite. Probability of the detection of mineralized fauna in the morphogenetic series of massive sulfide deposits decreases from the weakly degraded sulfide mounds to the clastic stratiform deposits. The degradation degree of sulfide mounds and fauna preservation correlates with the attenuation of volcanic intensity, which is reflected in the abundance of sedimentary and volcanosedimentary rocks and the depletion of effusive rocks in the geological sections. 相似文献
2.
V. V. Maslennikov S. P. Maslennikova R. R. Large L. V. Danyushevsky R. J. Herrington C. J. Stanley 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,107(1):67-99
Tellurium-bearing minerals are generally rare in chimney material from mafic and bimodal felsic volcanic hosted massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, but are abundant in chimneys of the Urals VMS deposits located within Silurian and Devonian bimodal mafic sequences. High physicochemical gradients during chimney growth result in a wide range of telluride and sulfoarsenide assemblages including a variety of Cu-Ag-Te-S and Ag-Pb-Bi-Te solid solution series and tellurium sulfosalts. A change in chimney types from Fe-Cu to Cu-Zn-Fe to Zn-Cu is accompanied by gradual replacement of abundant Fe-, Co, Bi-, and Pb- tellurides by Hg, Ag, Au-Ag telluride and galena-fahlore with native gold assemblages. Decreasing amounts of pyrite, both colloform and pseudomorphic after pyrrhotite, isocubanite ISS and chalcopyrite in the chimneys is coupled with increasing amounts of sphalerite, quatz, barite or talc contents. This trend represents a transition from low- to high sulphidation conditions, and it is observed across a range of the Urals deposits from bimodal mafic- to bimodal felsic-hosted types: Yaman-Kasy → Molodezhnoye → Uzelga → Valentorskoye → Oktyabrskoye → Alexandrinskoye → Tash-Tau → Jusa. 相似文献
3.
海相火山-沉积建造铁铜矿床类型及地质特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
铁-铜型矿床产出的时代从元古宙到新生代均有，与其有关的火山岩大多数为中基性与中酸性或偏碱性岩石。作者以镜的山桦树沟、陇山陈家庙和陕西铜厂不同时代的铁-铜矿床为例，概述了该类型矿床的地质特征、成矿环境并着重探了铁-铜矿床的成因机制，认为该类型矿床是与火山作用有关的喷气-沉积型矿床，同时指出柳沟峡地区及其以西（东缰地区）铁-铜型铜矿化带的发现，是进一步寻找铁-铜-金矿床的有利地段。 相似文献
4.
Geoffrey P. Glasby Irina A. Prozherova Valery V. Maslennikov Sergey I. Petukhov 《Resource Geology》2007,57(1):24-36
The Jusa and Barsuchi Log volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits formed along a paleo island arc in the east Magnitogrosk zone of the Southern Urals between ca 398 and 390 Ma. By analogy with the VMS deposits of the west Magnitogrosk zone, they are considered to be Baimak type deposits, which are Zn‐Cu‐Ba deposits containing Au, Ag and minor Pb. Detailed mapping and textural analysis of the two deposits shows that they formed as submarine hydrothermal mounds which were subsequently destroyed on the sea floor under the influence of ocean bottom currents and slumping. Both deposits display a ratio of the length to the maximum width of the deposit >15 and are characterized by ribbon‐like layers composed mainly of bedded ore and consisting principally of altered fine clastic ore facies. The Jusa deposit appears to have formed in two stages: deposition of colloform pyrite followed by deposition of copper–zinc–lead sulfides characterized by the close association of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, tennantite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, bornite, native gold and electrum and high concentrations of gold and silver. The low metamorphic grade of the east Magnitogorsk zone accounts for the exceptional degree of preservation of these deposits. 相似文献
5.
安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床中磁黄铁矿矿石结构特征及其成因意义 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床是长江中下游地区具有代表性的大型层状硫化物矿床,磁黄铁矿为矿床中的主要硫化物矿物.该矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.在层状矿体上部,磁黄铁矿主要为块状构造,而层状矿体下部,磁黄铁矿多为层纹状、条带状构造,具有显著的沉积结构构造特征.野外地质观察及室内矿相学研究表明,层状矿体中磁黄铁矿矿石遭受了强烈的变质作用及热液交代作用.进变质过程中形成的结构主要为胶黄铁矿转变为黄铁矿以及进一步变质转变为磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿时形成的交代残留结构.退变质过程则以磁黄铁矿的退火、黄铁矿变斑晶的生长和单纯六方磁黄铁矿的形成为特征.岩浆热液对单纯六方磁黄铁矿的交代作用形成了单斜和六方磁黄铁矿的交生结构.这些结构特征表明层状矿体中的磁黄铁矿并不是岩浆热液成因,而主要为石炭纪同生沉积胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿在燕山期岩浆侵入所引起的热变质作用下脱硫所形成,并在热变质作用之后又受到岩浆热液的叠加交代.磁黄铁矿的结构特征显示冬瓜山矿床的形成经历了同生沉积、热变质、热液交代等多个阶段,支持其为同生沉积-叠加改造型矿床. 相似文献
6.
江西武山铜矿床海底喷流与岩浆热液叠加成矿作用: 控矿地质条件、矿石结构构造与矿床地球化学制约 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
长江中下游成矿带存在一套产于泥盆系五通组砂岩和石炭系黄龙组白云质灰岩层间的层状含铜硫化物矿体,对其成因存在很大争议。本文以产出典型层状矿体的武山铜矿为解剖重点,结合区域控矿地质要素、矿石结构构造特征及矿石中黄铁矿的稀土元素地球化学,提出层状矿体是海底喷流同生沉积与岩浆热液叠加成矿作用的产物。对武山铜矿层状矿体中的胶黄铁矿和黄铁矿、矽卡岩矿体中黄铁矿和脉状矿体中黄铁矿进行的稀土元素含量分析发现,从层状矿体胶黄铁矿、层状矿体黄铁矿、到矽卡岩和脉状矿体黄铁矿,稀土总量和稀土配分曲线显示递变规律,即层状矿体胶黄铁矿具有较低的稀土总量和轻重稀土分异不明显的较平坦型配分曲线;而矽卡岩和脉状矿体黄铁矿具有较高的稀土总量和轻重稀土分异较明显的右倾型配分曲线。层状矿体黄铁矿的稀土特征则介于两者之间,反映了岩浆热液的叠加作用。根据矿物组合共生关系及矿石结构构造的研究,可将武山铜矿黄铁矿分为3个期次:I期为微球粒、草莓状、条带状、纹层状沉积型黄铁矿; II期为半自形、自形粒状和港湾状黄铁矿,可见与长英质斑晶、岩屑或晶屑凝灰岩伴生或共生, 说明黄铁矿形成与同沉积期火山凝灰岩的密切关系。III期为块状、粗晶状、碎裂状黄铁矿。黄铜矿的形成晚于I、II期黄铁矿,成微粒状、脉状交错穿插或包裹早期球粒状、粒状黄铁矿及长英质矿物。对新发现的灰泥丘构造的详细研究表明,武山铜矿中含矿的灰泥丘与武山外围乌石街出露的不含矿的灰泥丘具有不同的特征,其中前者具有封闭的孔洞系统,而后者为开放的孔洞系统。总之,武山铜矿控矿地质条件、矿石结构构造及不同类型矿石黄铁矿的稀土元素证据表明矿床存在两期成矿事件,即海西期海底喷流同生沉积成矿期和燕山期岩浆热液叠加成矿期。 相似文献
7.
Melt inclusions and aqueous fluid inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from host felsic volcanics, as well as fluid inclusions in minerals of ores and wall rocks were studied at the Cu-Zn massive sulfide deposits in the Verkhneural’sk ore district, the South Urals. The high-temperature (850–1210°C) magmatic melts of volcanic rocks are normal in alkalinity and correspond to rhyolites of the tholeiitic series. The groups of predominant K-Na-type (K2O/Na2O = 0.3–1.0), less abundant Na-type (K2O/Na2O = 0.15–0.3), and K-type (K2O/Na2O = 1.9–9.3) rhyolites are distinguished. The average concentrations (wt %) of volatile components in the melts are as follows: 2.9 H2O (up to 6.5), 0.13 Cl (up to 0.28), and 0.09 F (up to 0.42). When quartz was crystallizing, the melt was heterogeneous, contained magnetite crystals and sulfide globules (pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, bornite). High-density aqueous fluid inclusions, which were identified for the first time in quartz phenocrysts from felsic volcanics of the South Urals, provide evidence for real participation of magmatic water in hydrothermal ore formation. The fluids were homogenized at 124–245°C in the liquid phase; the salinity of the aqueous solution is 1.2–6.2 wt % NaCl equiv. The calculated fluid pressure is very high: 7.0–8.7 kbar at 850°C and 5.1–6.8 kbar at 700°C. The LA-ICP-MS analysis of melt and aqueous fluid inclusions in quartz phenocrysts shows a high saturation of primary magmatic fluid and melt with metals. This indicates ore potential of island-arc volcanic complexes spatially associated with massive sulfide deposits. The systematic study of fluid inclusions in minerals of ores and wall rocks at five massive sulfide deposits of the Verkhneural’sk district furnished evidence that ore-forming fluids had temperature of 375–115°C, pressure up to 1.0–0.5 kbar, chloride composition, and salinity of 0.8–11.2 (occasionally up to 22.8) wt % NaCl equiv. The H and O isotopic compositions of sericite from host metasomatic rocks suggest a substantial contribution of seawater to the composition of mineral-forming fluids. The role of magmatic water increases in the central zones of the feeding conduit and with depth. The dual nature of fluids with the prevalence of their magmatic source is supported by S, C, O, and Sr isotopic compositions. The TC parameters of the formation of massive sulfide deposits are consistent with the data on fluid inclusions from contemporary sulfide mounds on the oceanic bottom. 相似文献
8.
粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床一直存在燕山期岩浆热液成因和海西期火山喷流成因之争,争议的焦点在于块状、似层状硫化物矿体的成因。本文在全面开展矿区地质调查和钻探查证的基础上,对块状、似层状和脉状硫化物矿石中的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿开展EPMA和LA-ICP-MS原位分析。测试结果表明,不同产状黄铁矿的平均分子式相似,分别为FeS_(1.98)、FeS_(1.99)和FeS_(1.98),似层状和脉状硫化物中磁黄铁矿的平均化学式为Fe_(0.886)S和Fe_(0.874)S,属形成温度相对较低单斜磁黄铁矿。与花岗岩岩浆热液标型黄铁矿相比,不同产状的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中Co、Ni、Mn、Se和Ge等元素以类质同象形式赋存,它们含量较低但稳定,Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Bi和Tl及Ga主要以微细矿物子晶形式存在,其含量丰富,但变化明显。从块状、似层状到脉状硫化物矿体,黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中Co、Zn和Se的含量及Co/Ni值降低,而Cu、Pb、Ag、Bi等元素的含量明显升高。结合矿区次英安斑岩的产状和含矿性特征表明,大宝山矿床块状、似层状和脉状硫化物矿体都是次英安斑岩深部岩浆房产出的含矿流体在不同赋矿环境中的产物。 相似文献
9.
Supergene sulphides and related minerals in the supergene profiles of VHMS deposits from the South Urals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The mineralogy and structure of the supergene profile in recently-exploited volcaniс hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposits of Cyprus, Uralian and Kuroko type in the South Urals, Russia, have been studied. Specific subzones enriched in secondary sulphides and associated minerals have been distinguished in residual pyrite and quartz–pyrite sands at the Gayskoye, Zapadno-Ozernoye, Dzhusinskoye and Alexandrinskoye deposits. Besides minerals which are common to the cementation subzones (covellite, chalcocite and acanthite), non-stoichiometric colloform and framboidal pyrite, pyrite–dzharkenite, pyrrhotite-like and jordanite-like minerals, metacinnabar, sphalerite, selenium-enriched tetrahedrite and unidentified As-, Sb sulphosalts of Pb or Hg and Ag, sulphur-bearing clausthalite, naumannite and tiemannite were also found. Secondary sulphide minerals in VHMS deposits of the South Urals region are characterized by light sulphur isotope compositions (− 8.1 to − 17.2‰). Superposition of the advanced oxidation of colloform pyrite, an enrichment in impurities (sphalerite, galena, and tennantite) from the primary ores, stagnant water conditions, an elevation of the water table during oxidation, and bacterial activity led to supergene concentrations of the base metals as sulphide, selenides or sulphosalts. 相似文献
10.
The Karchiga copper massive sulfide deposit is located in the Kurchum block of high-grade metamorphosed rocks. This block is part of the Irtysh shear zone, which belongs to the largest transregional fault in Central Asia. The deposit is associated with the gneiss–amphibolite middle unit of the metamorphic complex, which is distinct in the geochemical fields. The mineralization is spatially and paragenetically related to the amphibolite beds, which are ore-bearing together with terrigenous rocks.The deposit contains two spatially isolated lodes, in which all the discovered commercial reserves concentrate. They conformably overlie the host rocks and are tabular or ribbonlike. The mineralization has a close spatial relationship with Mg-rich anthophyllite-containing rocks. The sulfide ores are disseminated or massive and comprise pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and magnetite. The ore is of Zn–Cu composition, in which Cu dominates considerably over Zn (average contents 2 and 0.4%, respectively; Cu/(Cu + Zn) = 0.83). The ores are rich in Co (up to 0.16%, averaging 0.02%), poor in Au and Ag (0.3 and 7.2 ppm, respectively), and almost free of Pb and Ba.All the rocks and ores experienced epidote–amphibolitic metamorphism. Meanwhile, the ores experienced a recrystallization and partial regeneration, but the initial shape of the lodes remained unchanged.The essentially chalcopyritic ores, the volcaniclastic ore-bearing rocks, and the spatial and genetic relationship of the mineralization with undifferentiated mafic and siliciclastic rocks suggest that this deposit belongs to the Besshi type, formed in a back-arc environment, near large rises.The studies show that Besshi-type Cu–Zn massive sulfide deposits differ from most of the polymetallic (Kuroko-type) deposits in Rudny Altai in the composition of volcanics and geodynamic settings, but belong to the same evolutionary series in this VMS province. Both types of deposits might have formed in the Paleozoic, during the main peak of VMS generation in the Earth's history. 相似文献
11.
The Ordovician Zn–Pb–Cu massive sulphide ore deposits of the Bathurst mining camp share many features with those of the Devonian/Carboniferous Iberian pyrite belt, particularly the tendency to large size (tonnage and metal content); shape, as far as can be determined after allowing for deformation; metal content, particularly Fe/Cu, Pb/Zn and Sn; mineral assemblages (pyrite + arsenopyrite ± pyrrhotite and lack or rarity of sulphates); sulphide textures (particularly framboidal pyrite); lack of chimney structures and rubble mounds; irregular metal or mineral zoning; and the low degree of zone refining compared to Hokuroku ores. The major differences between the provinces are the lack of vent complexes and the presence of Sn–Cu ores in the Iberian pyrite belt. There are also similarities in the geological setting of the two camps: both lie within continental terranes undergoing arc-continent and continent–continent collision, and in each case massive sulphide mineralisation followed ophiolite obduction; the ore deposits are associated with bimodal volcanic rocks derived from MORB and continental crust and marine shales; and mineralisation was locally accompanied or followed by deposition of iron formations.Fluid inclusion data from veins in stockworks from at least six of the Iberian massive sulphide deposits point to sulphide deposition having taken place in basins containing mostly spent saline, ore-forming fluids (brine pools), and it is suggested that most of the major features of the Bathurst deposits can be explained by similar processes. The proposed model is largely independent of ocean sulphate and O2 content, whereas low values of each are requisites for the current, spreading-plume model of sulphide deposition in the Bathurst camp. 相似文献
12.
Sarah A. S. Dare Sarah-Jane Barnes Hazel M. Prichard Peter C. Fisher 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(4):381-407
Magmatic sulfide deposits consist of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite (± pyrite), and platinum-group minerals (PGM).
Understanding the distribution of the chalcophile and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations among the base metal sulfide
phases and PGM is important both for the petrogenetic models of the ores and for the efficient extraction of the PGE. Typically,
pyrrhotite and pentlandite host much of the PGE, except Pt which forms Pt minerals. Chalcopyrite does not host PGE and the
role of pyrite has not been closely investigated. The Ni–Cu–PGE ores from the South Range of Sudbury are unusual in that sulfarsenide
PGM, rather than pyrrhotite and pentlandite, are the main carrier of PGE, probably as the result of arsenic contribution to
the sulfide liquid by the As-bearing metasedimentary footwall rocks. In comparison, the North Range deposits of Sudbury, such
as the McCreedy East deposit, have As-poor granites in the footwall, and the ores commonly contain pyrite. Our results show
that in the pyrrhotite-rich ores of the McCreedy East deposit Os, Ir, Ru, Rh (IPGE), and Re are concentrated in pyrrhotite,
pentlandite, and surprisingly in pyrite. This indicates that sulfarsenides, which are not present in the ores, were not important
in concentrating PGE in the North Range of Sudbury. Palladium is present in pentlandite and, together with Pt, form PGM such
as (PtPd)(TeBi)2. Platinum is also found in pyrite. Two generations of pyrite are present. One pyrite is primary and locally exsolved from
monosulfide solid solution (MSS) in small amounts (<2 wt.%) together with pyrrhotite and pentlandite. This pyrite is unexpectedly
enriched in IPGE, As (± Pt) and the concentrations of these elements are oscillatory zoned. The other pyrite is secondary
and formed by alteration of the MSS cumulates by late magmatic/hydrothermal fluids. This pyrite is unzoned and has inherited
the low concentrations of IPGE and Re from the pyrrhotite and pentlandite that it has replaced. 相似文献
13.
新疆昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床及成矿地质环境 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
新疆西昆仑奥依塔克-恰尔隆拗陷带内阿克塔什-萨落依成矿带发现多处火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。这些矿床产在石炭系双峰式火山岩系之内，沿着下石炭统基性火山岩和上石炭统酸性火山岩两个层位产出，分别以玄武岩和流纹岩为容矿主岩，可以明显地分成基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型两种类型。矿石主成矿元素均以铜为主，含少量的锌，几乎不含铅，矿床类型属于铜型。这些基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型矿床被统称为昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。根据矿床产出地质环境、双峰式火山岩系、沉积建造以及火山岩地球化学特征，推断昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床最可能形成于泥盆纪-石炭纪弧后拉张构造环境。 相似文献
14.
Two types of massive sulfide ores have been identified in the Kamennoozero segment of the green-stone belt: (1) hydrothermal volcanic-sedimentary strata-bound ores with massive, banded, and disseminated structures and (2) massive, brecciated, and stringer-disseminated Au-bearing base-metal ores, crosscutting the rocks of the Vozhmozero Group. The strata-bound, slightly metamorphosed orebodies are located at several levels along the contact between the Kamennoozero and Kumbuksa groups in the deep fault zones of the same names. These ores are composed of pyrite and pyrrhotite, small amounts of chalcopyrite and sphalerite, and distinguished by low grades of base metals and not higher than 0.06 g/t Au. In the Lebyazhino and Svetloozero areas, close to the sulfide Cu-Ni ore hosted in ultramafic rocks, the strata-bound bodies contain pentlandite and are enriched in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and up to 2.0–9.2 g/t Au. Brecciated and recrystallized pyrite ores contain up to 0.08–0.4% Sb and As, and up to 0.6–1 g/t Au in the Kumbuksa Fault Zone near Zolotye Porogi. The North Vozhma and Upper Vozhma base-metal massive sulfide occurrences, composed of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, bornite, and chalcocite, are considered to be promising Au-bearing prospects. Some samples from the North Vozhma occurrence contain up to 1.2–2.8 g/t Au and up to 167 g/t Ag. A gold grade of up to 20 g/t has been detected in the Upper Vozhma occurrence. The potential gold resources of the North Vozhma occurrence are estimated at about 600 kg. 相似文献
15.
16.
古代与现代海底黑矿型块状硫化物矿床矿石地球化学比较研究 总被引：33，自引：1，他引：33
选择西南太平洋冲绳海槽现代海底烟囱硫化物矿床、日本小坂矿山上向黑矿（第三纪）和中国西南呷村黑矿型矿床（三叠纪）进行了矿石地球化学比较研究。黑矿型矿床矿石吨位－品位模式与其他火山成因块状硫化物（ＶＭＳ）矿床类似，矿田（２０－５０ｋｍ＾２）矿石吨位与单个喷气－沉积型（Ｓｅｄｅｘ）矿床相当，金属总量４－６Ｍｔ，为矿田范围内热液流体搬运的最大金属量。与洋脊环境ＶＭＳ矿床相比，岛弧裂谷环境产出的黑矿型矿床相 相似文献
17.
Peng Runmin Zhai Yusheng Deng Jun Xiao Rongge Wang Jianping Faculty of Earth Sciences Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(3)
INTRODUCTIONThe L angshan- Zhaertai metallogenic belt is a typicalSEDEX belt of the Mesoproterozoic passive continental m ar-gins in the west section of the northern margin of the NorthChina platform(Zhai et al.,1997) (Fig.1) .The ore- form inggeological setting,the division and correlation of the host suc-cession,the geological features of typical ore deposits andtheir genesis of the belt have been described in references(Zhai et al.,1997;Wang and Zhao,1994;Wang et al.,1992 ;L i et… 相似文献
18.
19.
Tseluyko A. S. Maslennikov V. V. Ayupova N. R. Maslennikova S. P. Danyushevsky L. V. 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2019,61(2):133-161
At the well-preserved Yubileynoe VMS deposit (Southern Urals), sulfide breccias and turbidites host abundant tellurides represented by hessite, coloradoite, altaite, volynskite, stützite, petzite, and calaverite, as well as phases of the intermediate tellurobismuthite → rucklidgeite solid solution. Three telluride generations were highlighted: (1) primary hydrothermal tellurides in fragments of chalcopyrite and sphalerite of chalcopyrite-rich black smoker chimneys; (2) authigenic tellurides in pseudomorphic chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite veins after fragments of colloform and granular pyrite; and (3) authigenic tellurides in pyrite nodules. Authigenic tellurides are widespread in pyrite-chalcopyrite turbidites. Primary hydrothermal and authigenic tellurides are less common in sulfide turbidites and gritstones with fragments of sphalerite-pyrite, pyrite-sphalerite paleosmoker chimneys and clasts of colloform and fine-grained seafloor hydrothermal crusts. Siliceous siltstones intercalated with sulfide turbidites contain pyrite nodules, whose peripheral parts contain inclusions of epigenetic tellurides. It is assumed that Te for authigenic tellurides originated from fragments of colloform pyrite and hydrothermal chalcopyrite of pyrite-chalcopyrite chimneys, which dissolved during the postsedimentation processes. The main Te concentrators in clastic ores include pseudomorphic chalcopyrite, which inherits high Te, Bi, Au, Ag, Co, Ni, and As contents from the substituted colloform pyrite, and varieties of granular pyrite containing microinclusions of tellurobismuthite (Bi, Te), petzite (Au, Ag, Te), altaite (Pb, Te), coloradoite, and hessite (Ag, Te).
相似文献20.
I. V. Vikentyev 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,87(3-4):305-326
Summary The study focuses on the mode of occurrence of Au, Ag and Te in ores of the Gaisk, Safyanovsk, Uzelginsk and other volcanic-hosted
massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits in the Russian Urals. Minerals containing these elements routinely form fine inclusions within
common sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite). Gold is mostly concentrated as ‘invisible’ gold within pyrite and chalcopyrite
at concentrations of 1–20 ppm. Silver mainly occurs substituted in tennantite (0.1–6 wt.% Ag). In the early stages of mineralization,
gold is concentrated into solid solution within the sulfides and does not form discrete minerals. Mineral parageneses identified
in the VHMS deposits that contain discrete gold- and gold-bearing minerals, including native gold, other native elements,
various tellurides and tennantite, were formed only in the latest stages of mineralization. Secondary hydrothermal stages
and local metamorphism of sulfide ores resulted in redistribution of base and precious metals, refining of the common sulfides,
the appearance of submicroscopic and microscopic inclusions of Au–Ag alloys (fineness 0.440–0.975) and segregation of trace
elements into new, discrete minerals. The latter include Au and Ag compounds combined with Te, Se, Bi and S. Numerous tellurides
(altaite, hessite, stützite, petzite, krennerite etc.) are found in the massive sulfide ores of the Urals and appear to be
major carriers of gold and PGE in VHMS ores. 相似文献