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1.
云南程海富营养化过程的碳氧稳定同位素示踪 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
近500年来程海生物成因碳酸盐δ18O和δ13C及其有机质δ13C同位素记录了程海湖泊环境由贫营养到中富营养的演化过程.碳酸盐δ18O记录显示,大约1690年程海成为封闭湖泊后,当时湖泊贫营养环境并没有发生变化,但造成了湖泊水体交换周期加长,碳酸盐δ13C、有机质δ13C及其色素含量、碳酸盐含量变化指示湖泊生产力开始增高.1911～1942年碳酸盐δ18O和δ13C及有机质δ13C突然显著偏负,表明湖泊生物种群结构发生转变,湖泊初级生产力迅速增加,湖泊由贫营养向中营养转化.湖泊沉积物色素含量及碳酸盐含量变化也记录了这一湖泊环境的转换过程.约1986年以来,随着藻类养殖业及其农业耕作方式的转变,程海水环境渐渐转变成目前的中富营养化状态. 相似文献
2.
Lacustrine sediments can provide potential information about environmental changes in the past. On the basis of high-resolution multi-proxy analysis including carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios, inorganic carbon contents, and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate, together with precise 137Cs dating, the environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai, Yunnan Province, during the past 100 years has been investigated. It is shown that the carbonate in Lake Chenghai is authigenic, and the organic matter is mainly derived from aquatic plants and algae, instead of terrestrial-source materials. The environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai can be diverged into three periods with the contrasting characteristics during the past 100 years. Before 1940, the stable carbon and oxygen isotope values, the poor correlation between them and the lower carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter suggested that Lake Chenghai was open, and the lake water was oligotrophic during that period. During 1940-1993, the negative δ13C values and the gradual increase of carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter and C/N ratios indicated that the eutrophication was aggravated. The closeness of Lake Chenghai and human activities may be responsible for this eutrophication. After 1993, notable increases in carbon and oxygen isotopic values of carbonate, carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios and inorganic carbon contents demonstrated that the increase of lacustrine productivity and the serious eutrophication were resulted from strong human activities. Therefore, the multi-proxy in Lake Chenghai sediments has reliably recorded the natural environmental evolution and the impacts from human activities. 相似文献
3.
云南程海现代沉积物环境记录研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文通过对程海沉积物Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｎ等元素含量及其比值的综合分析,辨识了程海沉积物有机质Ｈ／Ｃ及Ｃ／Ｎ值的环境指示意义,发现它们增可作为程海水位波动及区域气候干湿变迁的替代性指标。研究结果表明：程海的水位和区域气候干湿主为化明显以历了两个不同的阶段,但整体上程海水位一直呈下降趋势,反映区域气候整体上向干旱化方向发展。 相似文献
4.
赛里木湖沉积物有机质变化特征及其环境信息 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析赛里木湖湖泊沉积物中氮含量(TN)、有机碳含量(TOC)及其碳同位素(δ~(13)C_(org))以及色素等指标的变化特征的基础上,结合沉积物中有机指标的环境意义的探讨,揭示了新疆赛里木湖湖泊沉积物中有机质所蕴含的环境信息.赛里木湖沉积物中总有机碳含量、总氮含量的变化反映了流域初级生产力的变化,沉积物色素变化是有机质保存条件的指标,间接指示了湖泊-流域水热配置环境.有机碳同位素(δ~(13)C_(org))反映了湖泊内外源的混合信息.结合有序样品聚类分析方法,可以将赛里木湖近代环境划分为四大发展阶段:1、各有机指标相对稳定;2、各有机指标明显波动;3、各有机指标显著增加;4、各有机指标快速增加. 相似文献
5.
The carbon isotopic composition of organic matter from lake sediments has been extensively used to infer variations in productivity. In this paper, based on the study of the contents and δ13C values of organic matter in different types of lakes, it has been found that δ13C values of organic matter have different responses to lake productivity in different lakes. As to the lakes dominated by aqutic macrophytes such as Lake Caohai, organic matter becomes enriched in 13C with increasing productivity. As to the lakes dominated by aquatic algae such as Lake Chenghai, δ13C values of organic matter decrease with increasing productivity, and the degradation of aquatic algae is the main factor leading to the decrease of δ13C values of organic matter with increasing productivity. Therefore, we should be cautious to use the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter to deduce lake productivity. 相似文献
6.
仙桃地区湖群不断萎缩,水体富营养化水平和湿地沉积物重金属含量持续升高,江汉湖群生态系统日益脆弱,加强对该地区生态环境演化研究、分析人类活动和富营养化对湖泊生态系统的影响、探究该地区不同沉积环境的碳埋藏规律等显得尤为重要.在对江汉平原重点地区(仙桃彭场镇幅和脉旺咀幅)第四纪地质调查的基础上,选取研究区大型渔场、小型鱼塘、沟滩、湖泊、水稻田、泄洪道、旱地、汉水阶地8种不同沉积环境的16个关键带点位,分别测定了其表层及浅层钻孔沉积物的色素、TOC(total organic carbon,总有机碳)与TN(total nitrogen,总氮).表层沉积物TOC含量反映了研究区南部多湖泊区域有机碳埋藏量较高,而北部冲、洪积成因环境相对较低,与色素、TN所指示的人类活动强度和富营养化水平相吻合.湿地浅层钻孔沉积物碳埋藏速率变化整体表现为升高趋势,与色素所指示的湖泊富营养化的趋势相吻合;不同沉积环境碳埋藏速率差异较大,最高为大型渔场77.71 g·m-2·a-1、最低为汉水阶地3.61 g·m-2·a-1.研究结果表明,受到人类活动影响,湖相沉积物中碳埋藏量相对较高,湖泊碳汇功能不断增强,这对江汉平原关键带碳循环研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
7.
As one of the lakes on the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Lake Chenghai, which is a typical closed lake with the precipitation accounting
for one-third or more of the annual water input, has a high total salinity (almost like a saline lake). The inorganic C, O
isotopic composition of lake sediments bears much sensitive information about environmental change in the catchment, while
their correlations revealed the hydrological conditions under which the lake was closed. Their compositional variations are
controlled by temperature, precipitation, photosynthesis, dissolving equilibrium of the carbonate system and hydrological
condition. According to our research on inorganic C, O isotopic composition of Lake Chenghai sediments, we investigated the
environmental change of this catchment several decades ago. The results showed that Lake Chenghai has kept good hydrological
closing conditions in the past several decades, as indicated by the good correlation of inorganic C, O isotopic composition
of sediments; and that the environmental change in this catchment shows a tendency of periodical evolution on a 10−11-years scale, although the signal noise is relatively high at the bottom of the sediment core. And we also can extend C, O
isotopes, a sensitive environmental indicator, to nearly saline lake environments with a high degree of mineralization. 相似文献
8.
Izabela Zawiska Karina Apolinarska Micha&#x; Woszczyk 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(1):166-178
This paper presents a sedimentary record from Lake ?ukie located in the southeastern part of the Central European Plain, beyond the reach of the maximum extent of the last glaciation. The lake has thermokarstic origin and developed during the last glacial termination due to subsidence of the sub‐Quaternary carbonate basement triggered by permafrost thawing. A sediment core was investigated to reconstruct water trophic state and lake depth changes during the Holocene. We aimed at showing the relationship between ecological and geochemical changes in the lake and regional/supraregional climatic and hydrological trends throughout the Holocene. Results of subfossil Cladocera analysis were combined with data on the geochemistry and stable C and O isotopes in sedimentary carbonates. Isotopic and geochemical proxies helped to detect sources of sedimentary particles in the lake and thus to reconstruct changes in the intensity of atmospheric and catchment processes (e.g. precipitation and surface runoff). The Cladocera analysis results indicated endogenic processes in the lake such as trophic changes. Our data revealed that Lake ?ukie has always been a rather eutrophic water body and the periods of particularly high productivity were in the lower Preboreal and upper Subatlantic. Periods of increased water depth were recorded in the lower Preboreal, lower Boreal and upper Subboreal, whereas low water stands were obtained during the late Preboreal, late Boreal, late Atlantic and Atlantic/Subboreal transition as well as during the lower Subboreal. The sediment succession from Lake ?ukie provides the first full Holocene record of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in lacustrine carbonates from the eastern part of the Central European Lowland. The record is characterized by uncommonly high δ13C and δ18O values of the carbonates resulting from a combination of within‐lake processes and dissolution of the carbonate bedrock of Cretaceous age. The impact of the old carbonates on isotope values was helpful in the reconstruction of the catchment forcing on the lake. 相似文献
9.
Sediment cores from the Great Lakes of North America and the Bodensee (Lake Constance) were analysed for purine and pyrimidine contents and total organic carbon. Lakes subject to recent cultural eutrophication showed steep increases in both organic carbon and purine and pyrimidine concentrations in the recently deposited sediments. Analytical results for Lake Huron (oligotrophic) and for a highly eutrophic area of the Bodensee (Gnadensee) appeared remarkably similar, in that only gradual, linear increases were observed in the total organic carbon curves. The curves for total purines and pyrimidines were also less steep for these cores as compared to the others studied. A possible explanation is that both areas represent lakes with no serious, recent changes in productivity. Uracil was found to decrease in concentration faster than any other purine or pyrimidine in the first few centimeters of all cores, supporting previous suggestions of more rapid turnover of this pyrimidine in sediments. 相似文献
10.
太湖14000年以来古环境演变的湖泊记录 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文根据东西太湖短柱岩芯的沉积物的物理、化学、生物指标的综合分析,讨论了该区距今14ka来的古气候变化过程,结果表明14.3-13.3kaBP,太湖水位低,环境指标甚至表现为暴露特征,反映了气候干旱:13.3-12.4kaBP,为偏暖湿的过渡阶段;该孔柱270-280cm (11.5kaBP左右)各类指标均明显反映冷干特征,可能是YoungerDrays事件的记录,与我国东部其它地区有可比性;约10.9-10kaBP,这一时期是整个研究时段内一个较显著的温暖期。表现为还原沉积环境和水位相对较深;约10-7.2kaBP为冷暖交替的过渡带;7.2-5.737kaBP为暖湿气候;5.05kaBP多项分析指标发生突变,反映物源发生显著变化,可能存在沉积间断;表层沉积物则呈现现代环境的特征,西太湖藻类生长茂盛,偏氧化的沉积环境。目前湖泊生产力较高,富营养化程度高,表现为藻型湖泊特征;东太湖有机质来源以东太湖中生长较为茂盛的维管水生植物为主,目前湖泊生产力较低,富营养化程度低,表现为典型的草型湖泊特征。 相似文献
11.
生油古湖泊生产力的估算方法及应用实例 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
文中综述了生油古湖泊生产力估算的常用方法,并以山东东营凹陷早第三纪生油湖为例进行了应用尝试。结果表明,无论是定性分析还是定量计算,均以沙三中、下亚段、沙四上亚段和沙一段沉积时期的古湖泊生产力最高,其次是沙三上亚段沉积时期,沙二段沉积时期古生产力最低。把东营湖古生产力定量计算的结果与现代不同营养类型湖泊生产力的值相比较,可以发现沙三中、下亚段、沙四上亚段和沙一段沉积时期的东营湖是超养湖,沙三上亚段沉积时期是富养湖,沙二段沉积时期是中养湖。所以沙三中、下亚段、沙四上亚段和沙一段沉积时期古湖泊最有利于生成石油,这与油气勘探的实际结果极为吻合。 相似文献
12.
Takuya Manaka Hiroyuki Ushie Daisuke Araoka Akihiko Inamura Atsushi Suzuki Hodaka Kawahata 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2013,19(4):281-302
The global carbon cycle, one of the important biogeochemical cycles controlling the surface environment of the Earth, has been greatly affected by human activity. Anthropogenic nutrient loading from urban sewage and agricultural runoff has caused eutrophication of aquatic systems. The impact of this eutrophication and consequent photosynthetic activity on CO2 exchange between freshwater systems and the atmosphere is unclear. In this study, we focused on how nutrient loading to lakes affects their carbonate system. Here, we report results of surveys of lakes in Japan at different stages of eutrophication. Alkalization due to photosynthetic activity and decreases in PCO2 had occurred in eutrophic lakes (e.g., Lake Kasumigaura), whereas in an acidotrophic lake (Lake Inawashiro) that was impacted by volcanic hot springs, nutrient loading was changing the pH and carbon cycling. When the influence of volcanic activity was stronger in the past in Lake Inawashiro, precipitation of volcanic-derived iron and aluminum had removed nutrients by co-precipitation. During the last three decades, volcanic activity has weakened and the lake water has become alkalized. We inferred that this rapid alkalization did not result just from the reduction in acid inputs but was also strongly affected by increased photosynthetic activity during this period. Human activities affect many lakes in the world. These lakes may play an important part in the global carbon cycle through their influence on CO2 exchange between freshwater and the atmosphere. Biogeochemical changes and processes in these systems have important implications for future changes in aquatic carbonate systems on land. 相似文献
13.
南四湖是华北地区最大的淡水湖泊,其形成演化与黄河泛滥、开挖运河、蓄水济运和泄洪保运等自然和人为的因素密切相关。本文对南四湖沉积物环境指标,如岩性、沉积速率、沉积物磁化率、总有机碳、总氮及碳氮比（C/N）和色素等进行了分析。结果表明0.62 ka BP前,南四湖南部微山湖和北部独山湖沉积物各环境指标同步变化,0.62 ka BP后,南四湖南北环境分异。3000年来该地区古环境变化经历下列过程：2.45 ka BP前有河流沉积环境的特点：色素指标为零,C/N比值高达60～80等;2.45 ka～1.3 ka BP,2.45 ka BP前后色素指标迅速上升,表明为还原环境,叶绿素及其衍生物、总类胡萝卜素保存较好C/N比值下降,内源有机质增加,频率磁化率升高,沉积的细颗粒成分增加,为南四湖形成发展时期;1.3 ka～0.62 ka BP,CDTC大幅度下降,而颤藻黄素、蓝藻叶黄素变化不大,藻类繁盛,表明这一时期水体较稳定;0.62 ka BP后,独山湖更多地接受入湖河流带来的碎屑物质,沉积速率加快,环境指标更具有河流环境的特点,而微山湖仍受黄泛影响,更具有湖相特点。上述南四湖南北沉积差异,将为分析研究南四湖的演化历史,确定该地区黄泛的影响程度和范围,为判别3000年来该地区人类活动的强度和对湖泊发展的影响提供依据。 相似文献
14.
杨磊 《沉积与特提斯地质》2014,(4):80-85
本文通过研究位于东亚季风过渡带的布日敦湖湖泊沉积物粒度组成和碳、氧同位素特征,结合210Pb/137Cs年代数据,建立布日敦湖近50年的粒度变化序列。通过与中国北方100个气象站数据的年平均沙尘暴日数进行对比,建立研究区可靠的风沙活动指标。研究发现,布日敦湖湖泊沉积物粒度特征对研究区风沙活动具有指示意义。其中,细颗粒(4~16μm)含量变化与翁牛特旗沙尘暴日数变化趋势较吻合,可以指示区域风沙活动;而粗颗粒组分(64μm)含量变化趋势与沙尘暴日数变化差异较大,推测可能受到大规模人类活动导致的湖区附近土地沙化影响,所以不能指示风沙活动。研究区生态环境脆弱,大规模人类活动会导致生态环境恶化和土地沙化,为现代北方沙尘活动提供沙源,并为未来的沙尘活动恶化埋下隐患,因而研究区不适宜进行大规模人类活动。本文的研究成果对保护研究区生态环境和区域防风固沙具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
由于土地利用和人类活动加剧所导致的营养元素由河流输入的增加是引起河口港湾地区富营养化趋势增强的重要原因,由此引发的赤潮在中国沿海地区呈现越来越频繁的趋势。本文通过珠江口两个沉积柱状样(ZJ6和ZJ10)揭示了该水域近百年来的富营养化加剧趋势。由柱状样中的TOC/TN比值判断,TOC是陆源和水生两种来源的混合物。在假设陆源和水生有机质C/N比值分别为5和20后,计算了在沉积物中两种来源有机碳的含量得到:两钻孔柱状样中水生有机碳、总氮、生物硅、陆源有机碳沉积通量自20世纪20年代到90年代呈明显升高趋势,分别增加了2.0、3.6、2.9、12.0倍(ZJ6)和5.4、6.8、5.5、10.6倍(ZJ10)。这一趋势与中国珠江三角洲地区在此期间,特别是50年来生产力的迅速提高趋势相对应。两钻孔柱状样中生物硅沉积通量的增加幅度逐渐超出水生有机碳沉积通量的增加幅度,表明硅藻是富营养化的敏感藻类。目前,Si相对于N、P还不是珠江口水域的限制性营养元素,但若不对水域的营养物进行有效管理以平衡营养元素间的比例关系和减弱富营养化趋势,珠江口的浮游生物种群结构和底层水的溶解氧含量将受到严重影响。 相似文献
16.
CHEN Jing’an WANG Fushun WAN Guojiang TANG Degui David Dian ZHANG HUNAG Ronggui LI Jian XIAO Tangfu 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):975-981
The correlation between the δ^13C and δ^13C-δ^18O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity. The influence of these factors on the δ^13C-δ^18O correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different-type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the δ^13C-δ^18O correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the δ^13C-δ^18O covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the δ^13C and δ^18O in Lake Erhai （overflowing open lake） and in Lake Chenghai （closed lake）. This suggests that the δ^13C-δ^18O covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant δ^13C and δ^18O as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the δ^13C-δ^18O covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between δ^13C and δ^18O because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the δ^13C shift in hyper-alkaline lakes. We should be prudent when we use the covariance between δ^13C and δ^18O to judge the hydrological closure of lake. 相似文献
17.
James M. Russell S.J. McCoy D. Verschuren I. Bessems Y. Huang 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(3):315-324
Analyses of carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of terrestrial leaf waxes and the carbon and nitrogen abundance, ratio, and isotopic composition of bulk sediments from Lake Wandakara, a crater lake in western Uganda, East Africa, document human and climatic controls on the aquatic system and on the surrounding terrestrial vegetation during the past two millennia. Our data indicate that Wandakara was a relatively stable, productive lake surrounded by C3 vegetation from AD 70 to 1000. Abrupt changes in the δ13C of terrestrial leaf waxes indicate a series of abrupt shifts in the relative abundance of C3 and C4 vegetation caused by a combination of climate change and human activities around Wandakara beginning at AD 1000. Abrupt shifts in bulk sediment organic geochemistry, particularly C/N ratios and δ15N, indicate that human activities at this time caused permanent changes in the limnology of Lake Wandakara, including eutrophication. Our results suggest that the biogeochemistry of Lake Wandakara was more sensitive to shifting human impacts than to climate variations during the past millennium, highlighting the importance of understanding the intensity of pre-colonial human impacts on Africa's aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
中世纪暖期前后我国雷洲半岛地区的古气候变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对位于雷洲半岛湖光岩玛珥湖湖沉积物进行了年代学(137Cs、AMS 14C)及总碳(TC)、氮(TN)、无机碳(IC)的分析。对于湖光岩玛珥湖这一热带地区封闭湖泊而言,无机碳含量的变化可能受降水量-蒸发量控制。有机碳、氮的变化可能反映了湖泊生产率及营养状况的变化。在热带地区,湖水温度变化不大,温度可能不是藻类生长的主要控制因素,降水量的增加及湖泊营养物质的变化可能是有机碳、氮含量增加的主要原因。碳酸盐含量的高值期对应于有机碳、氮的低值阶段。1400a来碳酸盐含量有两个高值阶段,分别为AD 880~1260和AD 670~760.这两个高值阶段可能也是干旱期。湖光岩玛珥湖地球化学指标所揭示的干旱期与安徽龙感湖硅藻和孢粉的研究结果有较好的对应性,可能表明我国南部地区中世纪暖期可能存在一个干旱期。 相似文献
19.
太湖东部湖湾水生植物生长区底泥氮磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了解太湖东部湖湾(贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾)表层底泥中氮、磷的污染特征及其与水生植物生长的关系,采集了各湖湾滨岸带水生植物生长区的表层底泥,探讨了水生植物的生长与分布对表层底泥中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及总有机碳(TOC)等含量的影响,并对表层底泥进行营养评价.结果表明,水生植物生长密集区底泥中TN、TP、TOC的含量均显著低于水生植物零星生长区,说明水生植物的生长对太湖东部湖湾表层底泥中营养盐与有机碳含量具有较为明显的影响;相关性分析显示,表层底泥中TOC与TN含量呈显著相关性(R2=0.832 8),而与TP的相关性则较弱(R2=0.166 5),反映了TOC在湖泊底泥中的沉积可能成为湖泊氮的重要来源,而对磷的影响较小.利用有机指数与有机氮指数两种方法分别对东部各湖湾底泥进行污染评价,贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾底泥有机指数平均值分别为0.142 7、0.228 6与0.208 6,均属较清洁与尚清洁水平,而各湖湾有机氮指数平均值均为Ⅲ与Ⅳ级,说明底泥已遭受了一定程度的氮污染.因此,对水生植物零星生长区表层底泥中氮含量的控制与削减有利于湖泊富营养化的预防与治理. 相似文献
20.
湖北梁子湖近代沉积记录对人类活动的响应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究人类活动背景下的湖泊生态响应过程和机制, 分析人类活动对湖泊富营养化的贡献, 在210Pb计年和历史事件记载基础上, 通过梁子湖沉积物水生生物遗存和色素分析重建了梁子湖地区过去100多年来湖泊生态系统演化过程.沉积物色素和水生生物遗存组合带的变化表明梁子湖营养演化具有5个阶段: 过去100多年梁子湖地区经历了生态环境良好的贫营养化期(1885-1902A.D.)、轻度富营养化期(1902-1964A.D.)、中度富营养化期(1964-1988A.D.)、富营养化期(1988-1998A.D.)、中度富营养化期(1998-2003A.D.).水生生物遗存随着湖泊富营养化的发生而呈现一定的分布特征, 对富营养化敏感的奥古茨藻、荇菜、角果藻、纹沼螺、表壳虫等逐步减少.通过湖泊演化阶段与区域人类活动重大阶段的联合对比研究发现随着人类活动的增强及对湖泊生态的持续干扰, 湖泊生态演化呈现明显的阶段性, 湖泊富营养化的发生与流域强烈的人类活动如围垦与农业活动带来的营养物质输入有着直接联系, 湖泊生态环境演化对重大人类活动事件具有响应性.本研究对于认识湖泊生态环境演化与人类活动的关系、整治湖泊环境具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献