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核磁共振通过测定体系中氢质子弛豫的T2谱来确定液态水的含量。采用低场核磁共振技术定量测定松散沉积物体系中的含水量，探讨了沉积物粒径、黏土矿物种类与含量、孔隙水盐度、温度及气体压力等因素对测试结果的影响。由于不同介质体系中孔隙水表面弛豫机制不同，导致低场核磁测定松散沉积物中的含水量偏小。引入校正系数Cm对水量测试值进行了修正，结果表明：沉积物及孔隙水介质本身特性对水量测试结果几乎无影响，相对误差<0.5%，测试精密度<0.20%；温度变化对测试结果影响较大且呈负相关，温度从25℃降至1.7℃，水量测试值增加了10.71%；压力变化对测试结果的影响与充注气体是否含氢密切相关，不含氢气体的压力变化对测试结果没有影响，而对于含氢气体如甲烷，水量测试结果随压力变化线性增加，甲烷增加到5.05 MPa时，测试结果增加了12.15%。因此，在采用该法测量甲烷水合物生成分解过程中沉积物孔隙水的变化时，必须考虑体系的温度、压力对测试结果的影响，恒温恒压条件下监测的含水量变化能够准确指示甲烷水合物生成分解的微观过程，可望在海洋天然气水合物生成分解微观... 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(9)
利用低温高压反应舱模拟海底水合物生成环境,采用原位拉曼光谱技术在线测定含水合物CH_4—H_2O体系中溶解甲烷的拉曼光谱,基于相关理论模型建立了溶解甲烷的拉曼光谱工作曲线(相关系数为0.999 77),定量分析了水合物形成后体系温度、压力对溶解甲烷浓度的影响。结果表明,拉曼光谱技术可准确测定溶解甲烷的浓度,实测溶解甲烷浓度值与理论计算值相吻合,相对误差小于5%。当体系中水合物形成后,温度对溶解甲烷的影响占主导作用,压力影响相对较弱,溶解甲烷浓度随温度升高显著增大,随压力升高而减小;而在气-液两相的情况下,温度与压力对体系内溶解甲烷浓度的影响正好相反。这很好地阐明了在天然气水合物稳定域内、外溶解甲烷浓度的变化特征。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(4)
南海北部陆坡区的台西南盆地是天然气水合物潜在分布区之一,水合物稳定带的研究对天然气水合物成矿与分布规律以及资源评价都具有重要意义,根据SO-177中德合作航次南海北部陆坡天然气水合物地质的调查资料,结合天然气水合物的相平衡条件和相应的压力-温度方程,计算了台西南盆地A区和B区的水合物稳定带厚度,并讨论了水合物稳定带厚度的分布特征。另外,对A区和B区天然气水合物中甲烷资源量进行了初步估算,估算结果为:A区甲烷资源含量为8.5739×1011～5.1443×1012m3,B区甲烷资源含量为1.4518×1012～8.7111×1012m3,A区和B区甲烷资源总量约2.3029×1012～13.8544×1012m3。初步估算结果显示,台西南盆地天然气水合物甲烷资源量潜力巨大。 相似文献
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天然气水合物是由水和天然气组成的类冰状非化学计量的笼形结晶化合物。早期的水合物研究大多集中在对热力学相态的研究,随着水合物研究的进一步深入,其生成与分解动力学问题引起了越来越多研究人员的关注。这是因为海洋天然气水合物具有极强的储气能力,并且在世界各海域广泛出现,是一种潜在能源;此外,气体以水合物形态运输有着巨大的工业应用前景;生成与分解动力学在石油天然气工业中抑制剂研制方面也有广泛应用。目前,对水合物动力学的研究主要集中在水合物-自由气体-水溶液三相体系中。对于多孔介质的体系中水合物生成和分解动力学特性的… 相似文献
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日本气体水合物勘探研究概况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１ 引言天然气水合物是笼型化合物的一种类型,其中含有水分子格架中甲烷等天然气。在标准条件下,每一立方米甲烷水合物中理论上含有１７２ｍ３容积的甲烷。但是,在天然气水合物中,甲烷容量可达４０到１６５倍多。因此,天然气水合物被认为是未来的非常规潜在资源。它们分布在北极和南极的永久冻土带和包括日本列岛周缘地区在内的大陆边缘深海区。相平衡图表明气体水合物产出的最高温度是高于高压下的冰点温度。甲烷水合物形成的压力在０℃时高于２６个大气压,而１０℃时则高于７６个大气压（图１）。假设１０ｍ水深的压力为１个大气压… 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2017,(5)
在获得含甲烷水合物多孔介质体系阻抗谱参数的基础上,通过计算得到了复电阻率数据,分析了复电阻率参数的频散规律;讨论了3种常用的复电阻率模型(Dias模型、Warburg模型、Cole-Cole模型),并采用实验数据对3种复电阻率模型的参数进行了拟合,进而对各模型的适用性进行了对比和评价。结果表明:Warburg模型对含甲烷水合物多孔介质的复电阻率数据拟合效果最好,该模型可应用于含水合物多孔介质电学特性的进一步研究;Warburg模型的参数与水合物饱和度之间存在明显的对应关系,随着水合物饱和度的增大,模型参数中的零频电阻率和时间常数均单调减小,这为下一步建立基于复电阻率模型参数的水合物饱和度计算模型提供了基础。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献