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1.
Basalt geochemistry can be used as a diagnostic indicator for determining the tectonic setting of origin, because specific plate tectonic settings often impart distinctive geochemical characteristics. For example: (1) mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and oceanic island basalts (OIB) have clearly distinguishable trace element and Sr-Nd isotope geochemical characteristics; (2) arc related basalts, including IOAB (intra-oceanic arc basalts), IAB (island arc basalts) and CAB (continental arc basalts), exhibit following distinguishing features: all are characterized by low Nb/La ratios (<0.85) and negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies; most exhibit low Nb concentrations (<8 ppm), high positive ɛNd values and low enrichment of incompatible elements except the continental arc shoshonitic basalts that possess high concentrations of incompatible trace elements and lower to negative ɛNd values; (3) although contamination by continental crust or lithosphere can impart subduction-like signature (e.g., low Nb, low Ta and low Ti) and lead to misidentification of contaminated continental intraplate basalts as arc related, there are still some essential differences between continental intraplate basalts and arc related ones; such as: uncontaminated continental intraplate basalts have high Nb concentrations, Nb/La > 1, “hump-shaped” OIB-like trace element patterns and moderate positive ɛNd values that distinguish them from the arc related ones; whereas, the contaminated continental intraplate basalts are characterized by pronounced negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies, but their concentrations of incompatible trace elements are conspicuously higher than those of subduction-zone basalts that also distinguishes them from the arc related ones; (4) an important difference between back-arc basin basalts (BABB) and the MORB is that the former exhibit both MORB-like and arc-like geochemical characteristics; (5) most oceanic plateau basalts (OPB) show diagnostic geochemical characteristics of enriched MORB (E-MORB) to transitional MORB (T-MORB); only the Kerguelen Plateau is an exception; the early (pre 90 Ma) volcanism of the Kerguelen Plateau is associated with the Early Cretaceous break-up of Gondwana and displays features of continental flood basaltic volcanism; with time, the tectonic setting of the Kerguelen plume-derived volcanism changed from a rifted continental margin setting (133–118 Ma) through a young, widening ocean (118–40 Ma), finally to an oceanic intraplate setting (~40 Ma to the present).Tectonic discrimination diagrams should not be used in isolation, but can still be useful as part of holistic geochemical characterization. For example: (1) MORB and OIB are distinguishable from each other in the 3Tb-Th-2Ta diagram; (2) the arc related basalts, including IOAB, IAB and CAB, constantly plot in the arc-related basalts fields in the Th/Yb-Ta/Yb diagram; (3) the 3Tb-Th-2Ta diagram can be utilized to fully illustrate both MORB-like and arc-like characteristics of BABB; (4) some discriminant diagrams (such as Zr/Y-Zr, Th/Yb-Ta/Yb, 3Tb-Th-2Ta and Hf/3-Th-Nb/16 diagrams) can be used to distinguish continental intra plate basalts from arc related ones; (5) although there are not any discrimination diagrams published that delineate an OPB field, some trace element diagrams can still reveal diagnostic characteristics of the OPB.  相似文献   

2.
Comparison with other arc systems suggests that in the fore-arc area of the northern Sunda Arc emplacement of chromite and jadeite-bearing serpentinite melange diapirs and deposition of olistostromes were caused by Campanian collision with a continental fragment since underthrust eastwards beneath the arc. The age and position of east-directed thrusts and associated tin granites in the continental back-arc area implies that thrusting and generation of granites were genetically related to the collision, and that the back-thrusts were coupled to the fore-arc thrusts by a decollement beneath the fore-arc basin and magmatic arc. Subsidence and sedimentation in the fore-arc basin succeeded collision, and rise of the back-arc Shan Plateau possibly resulted from late Cenozoic relaxation of collision-related compressive stress.  相似文献   

3.
One of the major processes in the formation and deformation of continental lithosphere is the process of arc volcanism. The plate-tectonic theory predicts that a continuous chain of arc volcanoes lies parallel to any continuous subduction zone. However, the map pattern of active volcanoes shows at least 24 areas where there are major spatial gaps in the volcanic chains (> 200 km). A significant proportion (~ 30%) of oceanic crust is subducted at these gaps. All but three of these gaps coincide with the collision or subduction of a large aseismic plateau or ridge.The idea that the collision of such features may have a major tectonic impact on the arc lithosphere, including cessation of volcanism, is not new. However, it is not clear how the collision or subduction of an oceanic plateau perturbs the system to the extent of inhibiting arc volcanism. Three main factors necessary for arc volcanism are (1) source materials for the volcanics—either volatiles or melt from the subducting slab and/or melt from the overlying asthenospheric wedge, (2) a heat source, either for the dehydration or the melting of the slab, or the melting within the asthenosphere and (3) a favorable state of stress in the overlying lithosphere. The absence of any one of these features may cause a volcanic gap to form.There are several ways in which the collision or subduction of an oceanic plateau may affect arc volcanism. The clearest and most common cases considered are those where the feature completely resists subduction, causing local plate boundaries to reorganize. This includes the formation of new plate-bounding transform faults or a flip in subduction polarity. In these cases, subduction has slowed down or stopped and the lack of source material has created a volcanic gap.There are a few cases, most notably in Peru, Chile, and the Nankai trough, where the dip of subduction is so shallow that effectively no asthenospheric wedge exists to produce source material for volcanism. The shallow dip of the slab may be a buoyant effect of the plateau imbedded in the oceanic lithosphere.The cases which are the most enigmatic are those where subduction is continuous, the oceanic plateau is subducted along with the slab, and the dip of the slab is clearly steep enough to allow arc volcanism; yet a volcanic gap exists. In these areas, the subducted plateau may have a fundamental effect on the physical process of arc volcanism itself. The presence of a large topographic feature on the subducting plate may affect the stress state in the are by increasing the amount of decoupling between the two plates. Alternatively, the subduction of the plateau may change the chemical processes at depth if either the water-rich top of the plateau with accompanying sediments are scraped off during subduction or if the ridge is compositionally different.  相似文献   

4.
Water concentrations of olivine-hosted melt inclusions show no consistent variation across the northern part of the Central American subduction zone in southeastern Guatemala. Magmatic water contents remain moderately high (~2 wt%) throughout the back-arc region. Melt inclusions from some of these back-arc basalts also have notably high CO2 contents (>900 ppm CO2). The B and B/Ce ratios of melt inclusions systematically decline across the arc, the first parameters to exhibit systematic changes across southeastern Guatemala. It appears, therefore, that dehydration-driven, flux-melting persists across the arc, although decompression melting is of approximately equal importance in the back-arc region. Dehydration of the slab/wedge region is regarded as semi-continuous down-dip, to depths of at least 175–200 km. Moderate water contents are maintained by stepwise dehydration reactions, while truly incompatible fluid mobile elements are progressively stripped from the Cocos plate. The notably high CO2 contents of some back-arc basalts may indicate increasing devolatilization of subducted carbonate sediments with slab depth. The moderate H2O contents of back-arc basaltic magmas has likely contributed to their early fractionation of clinopyroxene around the Moho.Editorial responsibility: T.L. Grove  相似文献   

5.
Volcanic evolution of the interarc and marginal basins is analysed using the available data on volcanics from the presently existent and ancient back-arc basins of the western Pacific and Mediterranean. It is shown that in early (pre-spreading) stages of back-arc rifting, the character of volcanism is determined by “maturity” of the adjacent island arc. It is predominantly alkaline or mildly alkaline for back-arc basins related to the island-arcs with high-potash calc-alkaline and shoshonitic volcanism. The back-arc alkaline and mildly alkaline basalts strongly differ from the continental and oceanic rift volcanoes by constantly lower Ti, Nb and Zr contents. Because of these features these basalts are akin to the basaltic members of the island-arc volcanic series. As the latter, they are generally strongly enriched in K2O and LIL elements, whereas Na2O reveals comparatively small variability. With initiation of spreading a sharp depression of K2O, LIL and light REE occurs in the axial basalts of back-arc basins, that progressively approach the MORB composition. But even tholeiites from the most evolved basins that underwent a considerable spreading reveal slight but detectable geochemical peculiarities, indicating their island-arc affinities. Origin of the low-Ti alkaline basaltic magmas of the active continental margins is discussed.  相似文献   

6.
祁连山造山带新元古代—早古生代是板块构造演化与成矿的最重要时段,铁、铜多金属矿产资源丰富,成矿作用与新元古代—早古生代火山作用密切相关。根据矿床产出构造位置,将祁连山铁、铜多金属矿床分为4类:大陆裂谷型铁(铜)矿床、岛弧-岛弧裂谷型铜多金属矿床、陆缘裂谷型铜多金属矿床、扩张脊型铜矿床。镜铁山铁(铜)型矿床是新元古代大陆裂谷火山作用过程中热水沉积作用的产物;东沟铜矿为晚寒武世大洋扩张脊火山作用的产物;白银矿田铜多属矿床是奥陶纪与岛弧-岛弧裂谷火山作用的产物;石居里铜矿是晚奥陶纪弧后扩张脊有关火山作用的产物;红沟铜矿则是晚奥陶世陆缘裂谷火山作用的产物。  相似文献   

7.
Subduction initiation and ophiolite crust: new insights from IODP drilling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 352 recovered a high-fidelity record of volcanism related to subduction initiation in the Bonin fore-arc. Two sites (U1440 and U1441) located in deep water nearer to the trench recovered basalts and related rocks; two sites (U1439 and U1442) located in shallower water further from the trench recovered boninites and related rocks. Drilling in both areas ended in dolerites inferred to be sheeted intrusive rocks. The basalts apparently erupted immediately after subduction initiation and have compositions similar to those of the most depleted basalts generated by rapid sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with little or no slab input. Subsequent melting to generate boninites involved more depleted mantle and hotter and deeper subducted components as subduction progressed and volcanism migrated away from the trench. This volcanic sequence is akin to that recorded by many ophiolites, supporting a direct link between subduction initiation, fore-arc spreading, and ophiolite genesis.  相似文献   

8.
东特提斯板块会聚边缘与岛弧造山作用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
本文重点简述了特提斯构造域内古，中，新三个演化阶段的蛇绿混杂岩与岛弧带的时空展布及其沟－弧－盆体系，所识别出的蛇绿混杂岩，洋中脊拉斑玄武岩，大洋沉积物的岛弧带等地质记录，提供了东特提斯早期大洋岩石圈板块运动的有力证据。同时，与岛弧有关的不同时期不同阶段的各种弧前盆地，弧间盆地和弧后贫地成为造山带板块会聚边缘特征的标志。  相似文献   

9.
It has been established that volcanic rocks of the Schmidt, Rymnik, and Terpeniya terranes are fragments of the compound Early to Late Cretaceous-Paleogene East Sakhalin island arc system of the Sea of Okhotsk region. This island arc paleosystem was composed of back-arc volcano-plutonic belt, frontal volcanic island arc, fore-arc, inter-arc, and back-arc basins, and the Sakhalin marginal paleobasin. The continental volcanic rocks dominate in the back-arc volcano-plutonic belt and frontal volcanic island arc. The petrochemical composition of basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and trachytes from the frontal island arc formed in submarine conditions are typical of oceanic island arc or marginal sea rocks (IAB). The petrochemical composition of volcanic rocks from the island arc structures indicates its formation on the heterogeneous basement including the continental and oceanic blocks.  相似文献   

10.
High temperature mass spectrometric analyses of glasses from quenched pillow rims of andesites dredged from 1170 m water depth in the northern portion of the Mariana Island arc indicate substantially less H2O (~ 1 wt.%) and more CO2 (~ 0.24 wt.%) than previously reported for volcanic arc rocks. Glass-vapor inclusions within plagioclase phenocrysts from quenched rims have CO2H2O ratios of 1:1. These results are similar to analyses of basaltic samples from the Mariana Trough (a back-arc basin). Generally, F and Cl contents are higher and S lower in the arc rocks compared to the samples from the back-arc basin. These results favor models for the production of island arc magmas which involve melting of the subducted slab, rather than just melting of the overlying mantle wedge because of the high volatile content needed to produce island arc magmas from peridotite (10–15 wt.%). The trough samples, although similar in non-volatile composition to mid-ocean ridge rocks, have much higher H2O. somewhat higher CO2 and lower S contents. Either near surface addition of voiatiles has enriched the magmas or H2O must be a more important component in the generation and evolution of back-arc basin lavas than in the genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalts.  相似文献   

11.
国坤  翟世奎  于增慧  蔡宗伟  张侠 《地球科学》2016,41(10):1655-1664
冲绳海槽是一个处于弧后扩张作用早期的年轻的弧后盆地,是研究弧后扩张作用早期盆地演化和壳幔过程的天然实验室.随着调查研究工作的逐步展开和深入,也发现了一些新的、重要的、亟待解决的科学问题,而火山岩岩石系列归属的厘定又是其他研究工作的基础.在系统收集和整理迄今已有冲绳海槽火山岩资料的基础上,结合近期分析测试数据, 对冲绳海槽火山岩的岩石系列归属进行了重新厘定,探讨了火山岩的构造环境指示意义和浮岩与玄武岩之间的成因联系.研究结果表明:冲绳海槽火山岩分布具有以基性玄武岩和酸性(流纹)英安岩为主的双峰式特征,中性火山岩稀少,基性的玄武岩属于亚碱性系列的橄榄拉斑玄武岩,酸性浮岩可归属为亚碱性岩系的流纹英安岩或流纹岩;在构造环境判别上,冲绳海槽玄武岩表现出大洋中脊和岛弧构造环境的特点,既有别于大洋中脊扩张中心,也有别于成熟型弧后盆地,呈现出弧后早期扩张阶段盆地独特的构造环境特征;广泛分布于冲绳海槽的酸性浮岩表现出一定的岛弧环境的特点;酸性浮岩与玄武岩具有同源性,酸性岩是基性的玄武质岩浆经不同程度结晶分异和同化混染作用的产物.   相似文献   

12.
Island arc elements and arc-related ophiolites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
All major structural elements in island arc systems, fore-arc, magmatic arc, back-arc basins and remnant arcs, are potential ophiolite sources, and those features that allegedly characterise ophiolites of ocean-ridge origin, sheeted dyke complexes, mantling pelagic rocks, hydrothermal metamorphism and associated mineralization, can also arise within arc settings. Age relations are critical in the interpretation of arc-related ophiolites. Remnants of oceanic lithosphere, identified by a pre-arc initiation age, are restricted to fore-arc, magmatic arc and remnant arc elements, as are ophiolite masses generated at the inception of underthrusting. The latter, apparently common in ancient fore-arc terrains, form in nascent arc systems in which the rate of role back of the subduction hinge exceeds the rate of convergence. Spreading occurs above a foundering slab resulting in some arc-like compositional features. In simple arc systems later ophiolitic rocks have formed either in the active back-arc basin or the magmatic arc. Only those ophiolites that have resided within or very close behind magmatic arcs should show calcalkaline or arc tholeiite magmatic affinities, or be intruded or overlain by these rocks. Volcanic-derived sediment or pelagic material may mantle ophiolites from all arc settings, but pelagic rocks will generally dominate in stratigraphic sequences above remnant arcs and on back-arc basin floors except adjacent to the magmatic arc. Ophiolites generated at major ocean ridges are unlikely to be immediately overlain by sediment with a significant volcanic component whereas such detritus may lie directly on arc-inception, arc and back-arc ophiolites. Some arc-derived ophiolites are preserved in their original tectonic position, others can be identified from their internal features, their relationship to other tectonic elements, and the nature of associated rocks.  相似文献   

13.
Petrogenesis of the Back-arc East Scotia Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  
The East Scotia Ridge is an active back-arc spreading centrelocated to the west of the South Sandwich island arc in theSouth Atlantic Ocean, consisting of nine main segments, E1 (north)to E9 (south). Major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pbisotope compositions are presented, together with water contents,for lavas sampled along the active ridge axis. Magmatism alongthe East Scotia Ridge is chemically heterogeneous, but thereis a common mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type source componentfor all the magmas. An almost unmodified MORB-source mantleappears to underlie the central part of the back-arc. Subductioncomponents are found at the northern and southern ends of theridge, and there is a marked sediment melt input of up to 2%in segment E4. Enriched (plume) mantle is present beneath segmentE2 at the northern end of the ridge, suggesting that plume mantleis flowing westward around the edges of the subducting slab.The southern part of segment E8 is unique in that its magmasource is similar to sub-arc depleted mantle. KEY WORDS: geochemistry; petrogenesis; volcanism; back-arc; subduction  相似文献   

14.
Kyushu Island, Japan, is located at the junction of the Southwest Japan arc and the Ryukyu arc. There are two major late Cenozoic epithermal gold-silver provinces in Kyushu, which are termed the Northern and Southern provinces. The provinces are characterized by: 1) Pliocene volcanism dominated by calc-alkaline andesite, followed by Quaternary volcanism including extrusion of both calc-alkaline and tholeiitic magmas; 2) formation of extensional grabens; 3) Pliocene to Pleistocene mineralization, which was dominated by abundant low sulfidation (LS) epithermal deposits with a few high sulfidation (HS) examples. The two epithermal gold-silver provinces have evolved differently since about 5 Ma; the Northern province has exhibited diminished hydrothermal activity from the Pliocene to Pleistocene, whereas the Southern province has witnessed increased hydrothermal activity mainly in easterly and northerly directions. Changes of tectonic setting from the Pliocene to Pleistocene account for the variable trends in epithermal gold deposit formation. Westward oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Southwest Japan arc caused development of the Hohi graben and arc-related volcanism at about 6 Ma. This was associated with widespread LS mineralization in and surrounding the Hohi graben, as is represented by the Bajo and Taio deposits. The subduction of the relatively buoyant Kyushu-Palau ridge during the early Pliocene strengthened the coupling between the slab and overriding Ryukyu arc, leading to polygenetic andesite volcanism with associated HS (Kasuga, Iwato, and Akeshi) and LS (Kushikino) mineral deposits forming in the Southern province. A change of the subduction direction of the Philippine Sea plate, from west to north-northwest in the early Pliocene, increased the orthogonal convergence rate between the Southwest Japan arc and the Philippine Sea plate, resulting in a decrease of volcanic and hydrothermal activity in the Hohi graben of the Northern province. The more northerly subduction of the Philippine Sea plate shifted the locus of the Kyushu-Palau ridge subduction northward, resulting in underplating of the older (85–60 Ma), negatively buoyant Amami basin oceanic slab in the Southern province, rather than continued subduction of the young (27–15 Ma), buoyant Shikoku basin slab. This replacement caused steepening of the slab angle and slab-rollback in the Southern province, which was associated with regional extension, an eastward shift of the Ryukyu volcanic front, and development of the Kagoshima and Shimabara grabens, as well as the Okinawa trough. Rhyolite and basalt volcanism, in addition to andesite volcanism, have occurred since 2 Ma in the area of the Ryukyu back arc; coincident LS mineralization at Hishikari and Ohkuchi was affiliated with the rhyolite volcanism. Another change of the subduction direction of the Philippine Sea plate to the northwest occurred at 2–1 Ma. The forearc sliver of the Southwest Japan arc shifted westward, in association with right-lateral strike-slip faulting along the Median tectonic line, due to the increase of the westward convergence rate. This shift resulted in shortening and cessation of graben development in the Hohi area, restricting the subsequent volcanism and related hydrothermal activity to the central part of the graben.  相似文献   

15.
Subduction of high bathymetric relief, such as aseismic ridges and magmatic plateaus, is considered to be responsible for dramatic changes in the dynamics and kinematics of the subduction zone. For example, the buoyancy of high bathymetric relief is thought to flatten the dip of the subducting slab, modifying the structural and magmatic evolution of the overriding plate and terminating arc volcanism. In addition, the effect of ridge subduction in retreating plate boundaries can inhibit subduction rollback, a process that could locally pin the subduction hinge and lead to the development of cusps and slab tearing. Here we discuss the tectonic response to subduction of high bathymetric relief using examples from the circum-Pacific subduction systems. We demonstrate that flattening of the subduction dip angle is only significant in the eastern Pacific, where the average slab dip angle is relatively shallow. In the western Pacific, in contrast, the average subduction dip angle is steeper and there is no significant flattening of the dip angle in areas of ridge subduction. Subduction of high bathymetric relief in the circum-Pacific is commonly associated with reduced arc volcanism, and in many cases, the area of ridge subduction coincides with a volcanic gap. In the overriding plate, ridge subduction is associated with pronounced changes in the style of deformation, involving uplift, reactivation of basement thrusts, development of orogen-perpendicular tear faults and block rotations leading to oroclinal bending. The discussed characteristic patterns associated with ridge subduction provide important guidelines for reconstructing past plate tectonic processes, and could help constraining the geodynamics of ancient subduction systems.  相似文献   

16.
The major and trace element and Pb–Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of Quaternary mafic lavas from the northern Ryukyu arc provide insights into the nature of the mantle wedge and its tectonic evolution. Beneath the volcanic front in the northern part of the arc, the subducted slab of the Philippine Sea Plate bends sharply and steepens at a depth of ∼80 km. Lavas from the volcanic front have high abundances of large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements relative to the high field strength elements, consistent with the result of fluid enrichment processes related to dehydration of the subducting slab. New Pb isotopic data identify two distinct asthenospheric domains in the mantle wedge beneath the south Kyushu and northern Ryukyu arc, which, in a parallel with data from the Lau Basin, appear to reflect mantle with affinities to Indian and Pacific-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). Indian Ocean MORB-type mantle, contaminated with subducted Ryukyu sediments can account for the variation of lavas erupted on south Kyushu, and probably in the middle Okinawa Trough. In contrast, magmas of the northern Ryukyu volcanic front appear to be derived from sources of Pacific MORB-type mantle contaminated with a sedimentary component. Along-arc variation in the northern Ryukyus reflects increasing involvement of a sedimentary component to the south. Compositions of alkalic basalts from the south Kyushu back-arc resemble intraplate-type basalts erupted in NW Kyushu since ∼12 Ma. We propose that the bending of the subducted slab was either caused by or resulted in lateral migration of asthenospheric mantle, yielding Indian Ocean-type characteristics from a mantle upwelling zone beneath NW Kyushu and the East China Sea. This model also accounts for (1) extensional counter-clockwise crustal rotation (∼4–2 Ma), (2) voluminous andesite volcanism (∼2 Ma), and (3) the recent distinctive felsic magmatism in the south Kyushu region. Received: 30 November 1999 / Accepted: 20 July 2000  相似文献   

17.
Tore Prestvik 《Lithos》1982,15(3):241-247
The Zr-Ti-Y diagram cannot discriminate between normal and anomalous oceanic ridge basalts: the latter tend to plot as within-plate basalts. This indicates that it is the mantle anomaly rather than the tectonic setting that characterizes the Zr-Ti-Y interelement ratios in such rocks. It is shown that rocks with SiO2<56 of a tholeiitic series indicate a differentiation trend from ocean-floor via within-plate to calc-alkaline basalts. This feature shows that great care should be taken when data for altered or metamorphic rocks are selected for classification by this method.  相似文献   

18.
The major and trace-element patterns in a set of 45 analyses of the Precambrian Chitradurga metabasalts have been interpreted by geochemical methods to classify the magma-types and to determine the tectonic environment of eruption.During amphibolitization of the tholeiites, the order of relative chemical stability is: SiO2 > MgO > Al2O3 > FeO > CaO > Na2O > K2O > P2O5. On the ACFN plot the Chitradurga amphibolites approximate the unaltered basalts in their N component, show considerable depletion in F and A, and enrichment in the C components. With respect to the Keweenawan metadomains (pumpellyite and epidote), the Chitradurga amphibolites show considerable enrichment in N and depletion in the C constituents. The calc-alkaline (mol.props.) index, SiO2 (wt.%) and “F”MA plots have shown the differentiation of the parent olivine normative tholeiite through the transitional calc-alkalic basalts to basaltic andesites; the ferrofemic index being 67.Discriminant functional analysis of the major-element patterns has classified the magma-types into ocean-floor basalts (9 analyses) and the volcanic arc series containing low-potassium tholeiites (24 analyses), calc-alkalic basalts (6 analyses) and basaltic andesites (6 analyses). The effective discrimination of the ocean-floor basalts from low-potassium tholeiites is accomplished due to the relatively low eigenvalues in functions F1 and F2 for SiO2, K2O and high values for MgO, TiO2 in the former as compared to the latter. The low-K tholeiites are discriminated from calc-alkalic and basaltic andesites by the gradational increase in eigenvalues for K2O, SiO2 and Al2O3 in functions F2 and F3. The discriminant analyses of the trace-element patterns have classified the ocean-floor basalts from low-K tholeiites on TiCr, TiZr and Ti(× 10?2)ZrY(× 3) plots. The TiO2K2OP2O5 plot has discriminated ocean-floor basalts, low-K tholeiites and the calc-alkalic group containing the basaltic andesite members. Thus the discriminant analysis of the major and trace-element patterns have shown noteworthy consistency, thereby attesting to the high success rate of classification.The Ca-Mg rich, low SiO2, K2O and alumina, olivine normative characteristics, and the normative pyroxene content of 36.15–45.88% of the ocean-floor basalts compare closely with those of the oceanic magma type of the Dalma volcanic suite of the north-eastern part of the Precambrian Indian shield of Bihar. These compositional features indicate their mantle origin, amphibolite and plagioclase—pyrolite assemblage of the upper mantle and relatively low-temperature, moderate pressure and hydrous environment of pyrolite.The presence of ocean-floor basalts at Chitradurga implies the existence of an oceanic rise and their eruption through its axial rift region. The mean Ti content (0.77%) of ocean-floor basalts compares closely with that of the Dalma suite (0.76%). The low-alumina content indicates faster spreading of the ocean floor.Identification of the magma-types of volcanic arc series containing a wide range of Zr and Y is attributed to quartz-normative fractionation of the magma and its differentiation to calc-alkalic and basaltic andesite members due to incorporation of sialic material by accretion in the marginal regions of the volcanic belt.Attention is focussed on the synonymous tectonic evolutionary trends of the two typical volcanic belts of the two geographically widely separated regions of the Indian Precambrian shield; the basis being: (1) low-alumina, enriched Ca-Mg and almost identical concentrations of Ti in the ocean-floor magma type, and (2) the presence of a pronounced volcanic arc magma type in the Chitradurga area and two analyses of a volcanic arc magma type in the Dalma area.  相似文献   

19.
内蒙古SSZ型迪彦庙蛇绿岩位于兴蒙造山带北部的二连浩特-贺根山蛇绿岩带。笔者最近在迪彦庙蛇绿岩带西侧达哈特一带新发现前弧枕状玄武岩。该玄武岩岩性为低钾拉斑玄武岩,发育球颗结构和枕状构造。通过LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得玄武岩中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为333.4±8.5Ma。岩石SiO_2 42.97%~50.9%,较低的TiO_2 0.59%~0.94%,富Na_2O(1.58%~4.26%)而贫K_2O(0.04%~0.44%),Na_2O/K_2O为9.59~47.3;岩石具有亏损型稀土配分模式,类似N-MORB,但高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta和Ti等比N-MORB稍低,相容元素Cr、Ni和大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Ba、U比N-MORB稍高,与弧拉斑玄武岩相似。地球化学特征指示达哈特枕状玄武岩兼有洋中脊与岛弧双重特性,而更像洋中脊,与马里亚纳前弧玄武岩(FAB)相一致。这一发现为明确二连-贺根山蛇绿岩带早石炭世存在前弧玄武岩提供了岩石学、年代学和地球化学佐证,表明二连-贺根山洋早石炭世发生了洋内初始俯冲和洋陆转化岩浆作用。  相似文献   

20.
《Tectonophysics》1999,301(1-2):35-60
The Solomon Islands are a complex collage of crustal units or terrains (herein termed the `Solomon block') which have formed and accreted within an intra-oceanic environment since Cretaceous times. Predominantly Cretaceous basaltic basement sequences are divided into: (1) a plume-related Ontong Java Plateau terrain (OJPT) which includes Malaita, Ulawa, and northern Santa Isabel; (2) a `normal' ocean ridge related South Solomon MORB terrain (SSMT) which includes Choiseul and Guadalcanal; and (3) a hybrid `Makira terrain' which has both MORB and plume/plateau affinities. The OJPT formed as an integral part of the massive Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), at c. 122 Ma and 90 Ma, respectively, was subsequently affected by Eocene–Oligocene alkaline and alnoitic magmatism, and was unaffected by subsequent arc development. The SSMT initially formed within a `normal' ocean ridge environment which produced a MORB-like basaltic basement through which two stages of arc crustal growth subsequently developed from the Eocene onwards. The Makira terrain records the intermingling of basalts with plume/plateau and MORB affinities from c. 90 Ma to c. 30 Ma, and a contribution from Late Miocene–present-day arc growth. Two distinct stages of arc growth occurred within the Solomon block from the Eocene to the Early Miocene (stage 1) and from the Late Miocene to the present day (stage 2). Stage 1 arc growth created the basement of the central part of the Solomon block (the Central Solomon terrain, CST), which includes the Shortland, Florida and south Isabel islands. Stage 2 arc growth led to crustal growth in the west and south (the New Georgia terrain or NGT) which includes Savo, and the New Georgia and Russell islands. Both stages of arc growth also added new material to pre-existing crustal units within other terrains. The Solomon block terrane collage records the collision between the Alaska sized OJP and the Solomon arc. Initial contact possibly first occurred some 25–20 Ma but it is only since around 4 Ma that the OJP has more forcefully collided with the Solomon arc, and has been actively accreting since that time, continuing to the present day. We present a number of tectonic models in an attempt to understand the mechanism of plateau accretion. One model depicts the OJP as splitting in two with the upper 4–10 km forming an imbricate stack verging to the northeast, over which the Solomon arc is overthrust, whilst deeper portions of the OJP (beneath a critical detachment surface) are subducted. The subduction of young (<5 Ma), hot, oceanic lithosphere belonging to the Woodlark basin at the SSTS has resulted in a sequence of tectonic phenomena including: the production of unusual magma compositions (e.g. Na–Ti-rich basalts, and an abundance of picrites); an anomalously small arc–trench gap between the SSTS and the Quaternary–Recent arc front; calc-alkaline arc growth within the downgoing Woodlark basin lithospheric plate as a consequence of calc-alkaline magma transfer along leaky NE–SW-trending faults; rapid fore-arc uplift; and rapid infilling of intra-arc basins. The present-day highly oblique collision between the Pacific and Australian plates has resulted in the formation of rhombohedral intra- and back-arc basins.  相似文献   

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