共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 703 毫秒
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魏光辉 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(4):60-63
水面蒸发量敏感因素的判断,对于干旱区水资源规划利用具有重要的指导意义。本文以新疆尉犁县为例,对水面蒸发量影响因素进行分析。文章首先采用偏最小二乘回归法建立了水面蒸发量模型,在此基础上运用偏导数法分析了水面蒸发量对各影响因素的敏感性。结果表明:偏最小二乘回归模型具有较高的精度,不仅能够定量预测水面蒸发量,而且能够从机理上解释各影响因素对蒸发量的影响;风速、温度、水汽压这三因素对水面蒸发量最为敏感。上述模型为研究干旱区水资源利用提供了一种新方法和新思路。 相似文献
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彭曼公式应用中的两个问题的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对水面蒸发量的模拟比较,揭示了应用彭曼公式计算水面蒸发量中存在的两个问题:E_n项的权重偏小和E_a计算方式不当。提出了解决办法,建立了经改进后的修正彭曼公式,其精度有明显提高。 相似文献
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口径20cm的小型蒸发器是我国气象台站普遍采用的仪器。由于蒸发器内水的吸附作用,器壁四周水面附近一定高度内存在着一个浸润圈,加大了器内水体的蒸发面,增加水面蒸发量。因此小型蒸发器所测得的蒸发量不是蒸发器内自由水面的蒸发量,而是器壁耗水量与器内自由水面蒸发量的总和。 为了求得器内自由水面的蒸发量,应对器测蒸发量作扣除器壁耗水量的改正。现在我们假设小型蒸发器的器壁浸润高度为h,则 相似文献
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利用小型蒸发器观测水面蒸发量的几个问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用广州蒸发实验站的水面蒸发量和气象要素的观测资料,计算了小型蒸发器的折算系数及其变异系数等;得出小型蒸发器与标准蒸发器月蒸发量的回归方程,以及计算水面蒸发量的经验公式。对上述观测和计算方法的结果进行了比较。并就气象台站的水面蒸发观测工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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短时段水面蒸发量计算方法的选择 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分别采用折算数法，彭曼公式法，道尔顿公式法计算都昌蒸发站旬与日短时段水面蒸发量，比较表明，用道尔顿公式计算短时段水面蒸发量的误差最小，彭曼公式次之，折算系数法的误差最大，不宜作短时段水面蒸发量的计算。 相似文献
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在使用 E- 60 1 B大型蒸发器观测时 ,蒸发量经常出现不稳定 ,同样天气条件下蒸发量差异较大。为了减少人为误差 ,应注意以下事项。1 每日 2 0时观测时 ,应调整测针使针尖与水面恰好相接 ,即水面上既无小涡也无空隙。如果调整过度 ,使针尖伸入到水面之下 ,则读数偏小蒸发量偏大 相似文献
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一、引言 笔者曾对小型蒸发器与E-601型蒸发器的蒸发量折算系数作了简要分析,现再对φ80cm套盆式蒸发器与E-601型蒸发器的蒸发量折算系数作一分析。以便将原有的套盆式蒸发器所测得的水面蒸发量换算成E-601型蒸发器的水面蒸发量,以延长E-601型蒸发器的资料系列。 水文部门自60年代起逐步改用E-601型蒸发 相似文献
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小型蒸发器与Ｅ─６０１型蒸发器观测资料的对比分析苏梅（广西区气象台市宁５３００２２）我区气象台站普通使用２０厘米口径的小型蒸发器测量水面蒸发量．一般认为用小型蒸发器测得的蒸发量比实际水面的蒸发量要大。１９８６年，我站安装了Ｅ－６０１型蒸发器．并开始观... 相似文献
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小型蒸发器水面蒸发昼夜差异的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据都昌蒸发实验站1980—1991年日两段制水面蒸发资料,分析了小型蒸发器水面蒸发量及其折算系数的昼夜差异,并与E_(601)型蒸发器水面蒸发量及其折算系数的昼夜差异进行比较,从另一角度揭示了小型蒸发器水面蒸发特点及其存在的问题,提出了改进意见。 相似文献
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干旱及半干旱区土壤水热传输模式研究 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：24
本文发展了一个干旱地区土壤中水分及热量传输模式。首先从土壤孔隙内水汽运动研究入手,阐明了在土壤深层孔隙中水汽压与液面饱和值之间处在平衡态,而土壤表层则处在非平衡态,因而必要在计算表层蒸发的公式中引入必要的土壤表层阻力,才可使模式简单实用。在此基础上建立了考虑液态水及汽态水运动耦合的多层模式,并用HEIFE沙漠站的资料对模式进行了验证,结果表明此模式较好地再现土壤内及地气界面上的水热交换过程,并且也表明干旱地区土壤中水蒸汽输送对水分平衡及蒸发的计算是重要的。这种模式很易推广到气候研究的干旱土壤下垫面的模式中去。 相似文献
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魏光辉 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1)
水面蒸发敏感因素的判断,对于干旱区水资源的规划与利用具有重要指导意义。本文以新疆塔里木河下游铁干里克气象站资料为例,对研究区水面蒸发影响因素进行分析。文章首先采用熵值法对水面蒸发进行敏感性分析,在此基础上运用灰色关联分析法进行验证。结果表明:温度、风速、日照时数这三因素对水面蒸发最为敏感;基于熵值法的敏感因素研究结果与灰色关联分析的结果基本一致,尤其在主要影响因素的判别上。研究结果干旱区水资源规划与利用提供了一种新方法和新思路。 相似文献
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This paper examines several prominent thermodynamic and dynamic factors responsible for the meridional and vertical warming
asymmetries using a moist coupled atmosphere–surface radiative transportive four-box climate model. A coupled atmosphere–surface
feedback analysis is formulated to isolate the direct response to an anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing from individual
local feedbacks (water vapor, evaporation, surface sensible heat flux, and ice-albedo), and from the non-local dynamical feedback.
Both the direct response and response to water vapor feedback are stronger in low latitudes. The joint effect of the ice-albedo
and dynamical greenhouse-plus feedbacks acts to amplify the high latitude surface warming whereas both the evaporation and
dynamical greenhouse-minus feedbacks cause a reduction of the surface warming in low latitudes. The enhancement (reduction)
of local feedbacks in high (low) latitudes in response to the non-local dynamic feedback further strengthens the polar amplification
of the surface warming. Both the direct response and response to water vapor feedback lead to an increase of lapse rate in
both low and high latitudes. The stronger total dynamic heating in the mean state in high latitudes is responsible for a larger
increase of lapse rate in high latitudes in the direct response and response to water vapor feedback. The local evaporation
and surface sensible heat flux feedbacks reduce the lapse rate both in low and high latitudes through cooling the surface
and warming the atmosphere. The much stronger evaporation feedback leads to a final warming in low latitudes that is stronger
in the atmosphere than the surface. 相似文献
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EVALUATION OF CONVECTIVE-STRATIFORM RAINFALL SEPARATION SCHEMES BY PRECIPITATION AND CLOUD STATISTICS 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this study,two convective-stratiform rainfall partitioning schemes are evaluated using precipitation and cloud statistics for different rainfall types categorized by applying surface rainfall equation on grid-scale data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation.One scheme is based on surface rainfall intensity whereas the other is based on cloud content information.The model is largely forced by the large-scale vertical velocity derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment(TOGA COARE).The results reveal that over 40% of convective rainfall is associated with water vapor divergence,which primarily comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric drying and water hydrometeor loss/convergence,caused by precipitation and evaporation of rain.More than 40% of stratiform rainfall is related to water vapor convergence,which largely comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric moistening and hydrometeor loss/convergence attributable to water clouds through precipitation and the evaporation of rain and ice clouds through the conversion from ice hydrometeor to water hydrometeor.This implies that the separation methods based on surface rainfall and cloud content may not clearly separate convective and stratiform rainfall. 相似文献
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SENSITIVITY TESTS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LAND SURFACE PHYSICAL PROCESS AND ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper,an interactive model between land surface physical process and atmosphereboundary layer is established,and is used to simulate the features of soil environmental physics,surface heat fluxes,evaporation from soil and evapotranspiration from vegetation and structures ofatmosphere boundary layer over grassland underlying.The sensitivity experiments are engaged inprimary physics parameters.The results show that this model can obtain reasonable simulation fordiurnal variations of heat balance,soil volumetric water content,resistance of vegetationevaporation,flux of surface moisture,and profiles of turbulent exchange coefficient,turbulentmomentum,potential temperature,and specific humidity.The model developed can be used tostudy the interaction between land surface processes and atmospheric boundary layer in cityregions,and can also be used in the simulation of regional climate incorporating a mesoscalemodel. 相似文献
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SENSITIVITY TESTS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LAND SURFACE PHYSICAL PROCESS AND ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER* 
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下载免费PDF全文 LIU Shuhu WEN Pinghui ZHANG Yunyan HONG Zhongxiang HU Fei LIU Huizhi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(4):451-469
In this paper,an interactive model between land surface physical process and atmosphere boundary layer is established,and is used to simulate the features of soil environmental physics,surface heat fluxes,evaporation from soil and evapotranspiration from vegetation and structures of atmosphere boundary layer over grassland underlying.The sensitivity experiments are engaged in primary physics parameters.The results show that this model can obtain reasonable simulation for diurnal variations of heat balance,soil volumetric water content,resistance of vegetation evaporation,flux of surface moisture,and profiles of turbulent exchange coefficient,turbulent momentum,potential temperature,and specific humidity.The model developed can be used to study the interaction between land surface processes and atmospheric boundary layer in city regions,and can also be used in the simulation of regional climate incorporating a mesoscale model. 相似文献
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高速公路路面干湿状态判别及积水模型应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明公路路面积水(积雪)过程和干湿状况的变化及其气象因子的影响,以江苏省金坛试验基地试验路段的道路气象数据作为模型输入数据,利用改进的Sass道路积水物理模型对3次降雨(雪)过程中的道路积水量进行模拟,通过对模型模拟结果的分级和与仪器记录、人工观测结果的对比,验证模型模拟路面状况的准确性,并探讨了气象因子对路面积水量的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 改进的Sass模型可用于对道路干湿状况的模拟,且准确性较高,可推广到高速公路路面状况的实时监测和预报;(2) 排水过程中,径流和蒸发在不同时期对排水量的贡献率差异较大,从总量上讲,径流对排水起了主要作用;(3) 气象因子对道路积水的影响主要体现在降水量直接影响道路积水,而其他气象因子则通过对蒸发量的影响来间接影响积水量。 相似文献
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We apply a diagnostic based on moisture conservation in the atmosphere, integrated over planetary-scale ocean basins and drainage areas to evaluate freshwater fluxes over the ocean surface to three generations of the Hadley Centre climate model (HadCM3, HadGEM1 and HadGEM2-AO). The coherent inclusion of runoff by the diagnostic enables model surface freshwater fluxes to be compared directly with observational estimates of precipitation, evaporation and river discharge. We also introduce a normalised metric, based on model-observation RMS differences, to assess the representation of the fluxes by the model. This methodology could be a powerful tool for evaluating model performance during future model development and model intercomparison exercises. Using this diagnostic, and defining the drainage areas from the global river routing model TRIP, we obtain large-scale surface oceanic fluxes from ERA40 and NCAR-NCEP reanalysis data, which we compare with analogous budgets computed from a set of individual observational estimates of evaporation, precipitation and river discharge. The sum of errors in the Hadley Centre climate model in all ocean basins suggests a steady improvement over the three generations of the model. However, an analysis of sources and sinks of water vapour shows common errors in the models, like an excess of evaporation in the tropical-subtropical Atlantic, and a surplus of water vapour export from tropical-subtropical areas to the mid-latitude regions, making the oceanic surface fluxes too fresh at mid latitudes. Errors in the models are consistent with an excessively strong hydrological cycle. 相似文献