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以"沉积控相,相控储层"为研究思路,基于野外露头剖面实测与室内实验测试,以及前人的研究成果,探讨渝东北地区上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组沉积环境对页岩气储层的控制作用。研究表明,渝东北地区五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质泥页岩主要发育于滞留浅海陆棚相中,沉积中心页岩厚度可达70~80m,有机碳含量(TOC)最高可达7.56%,平均3.09%。静水缺氧还原沉积环境岩石类型主要以富含有机质的含碳质含粉砂泥(页)岩、含碳质含硅质泥(页)岩、含硅质泥(页)岩、含碳质泥(页)岩、含粉砂泥(页)岩及硅质泥(页)岩为主。页岩矿物成分以石英(平均达62.76%)和黏土矿物(平均达22.61%)为主。缺氧还原环境下沉积的大量黄铁矿形成的黄铁矿晶间孔、黏土矿物层间微孔隙、有机质生烃形成的微孔隙以及脆性矿物控制形成的微裂缝为页岩气提供了良好的储集空间。沉积环境控制的储层发育特征的研究可为页岩展布、有机质丰度、储集空间及其之后有利区评价等研究提供基础。 相似文献
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四川盆地东部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征 总被引：51，自引：1，他引：50
四川盆地是中国西南部重要的含油气盆地,在东部和南部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩广泛发育。在川东南、鄂西渝东地区的勘探井中志留系具有良好的气显示。研究区龙马溪组厚65~516m,底部为一套海侵沉积的富含笔石的黑色页岩,龙马溪组向上和向东砂质和钙质含量增加,演变为浅水陆棚沉积。龙马溪组主要由层状-非层状泥/页岩、白云质粉砂岩、层状钙质泥/页岩、泥质粉砂岩、层状-非层状粉砂质泥/页岩、粉-细粒砂岩、钙质结核、富含有机质非层状页岩8种岩相组成。总有机碳含量(TOC)为0.2%~6.7%。有机质以II型干酪根为主,Ro为2.4%~3.6%。页岩中石英矿物含量在2%~93%,主要呈纹层状或分散状分布,主要为陆源碎屑外源成因。龙马溪组页岩岩心孔隙度为0.58%~0.67%,渗透率为0.01×10-3μm2~0.93×10-3μm2。扫描电镜下龙马溪组页岩微孔隙度为2%左右,主要包括晶间孔和粒内孔,孔隙直径为100nm~50μm。页岩储层的形成机理主要为有利矿物组合、成岩作用和有机质热裂解作用。龙马溪组与美国Barnett页岩具有一定差异,主要表现在龙马溪组页岩埋藏较深、热演化程度较高、含气量较低、储层较致密、以陆源成因石英为主。对于评价下志留统龙马溪组页岩气勘探前景而言,今后须重点加强针对龙马溪组底部黑色硅质岩系石英成因、成熟度、埋藏史、含气量等方面的研究,以及进行详细的古地貌和古环境恢复。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地是中国西北地区重要的含油气盆地,盆地北缘中侏罗统大煤沟组七段页岩广泛发育。2013年在柴北缘实施第一口页岩气勘探井柴页1井,获得了良好的油气显示,页岩层段累计厚度达141 m,为半深湖深湖相沉积。页岩岩石主要类型为纹层状碳质页岩、纹层状含碳酸盐粉砂质页岩、纹层状页岩、纹层状含粉砂云质页岩、纹层状含砂页岩、纹层状粉砂质页岩、纹层状云质页岩。富有机质黑色页岩矿物特征表现高硅质矿物含量、高黏土矿物含量、低碳酸盐矿物含量。有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型次之,Ro均大于0.8%,处于成熟阶段,TOC含量为1.41%～9.35%,烃源岩品质较好。大煤沟组页岩岩心孔隙度为0.8%～3.4%,比表面为11.1～21.9 m2/g,扫描电镜下孔隙直径为0.27～21.38 μm。微孔隙发育,依据成因划分为晶间孔、溶蚀孔、有机质孔、生物碎屑体内微孔隙。此外,页岩中发育的裂缝和微裂缝,为页岩气的运移和储层提供了通道和储集空间,形成复杂孔缝交叉储集系统。页岩孔隙储层的形成机理主要为有利的沉积环境、有利的矿物组合和有机质热解作用。 相似文献
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黔南下石炭统打屋坝组页岩气储层孔隙主要包括残余原生粒间孔、晶间孔、有机质孔、粘土矿物间微孔、溶蚀孔和裂缝等类型。以细孔喉、分选差,细歪度的微孔微喉型孔隙结构为特征,具有比表面积大、孔容中等,孔隙度低而渗透率低的特点。打屋坝组泥（页）岩总有机碳含量为082%316%,有机质镜质体反射率为213% 327%,粘土矿物含量平均434%。有机质丰度、粘土矿物含量、成岩演化和构造作用是控制打屋坝组页岩气储层的主要因素。 相似文献
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湘西北常页1井下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气储层特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湘西北常页1井为目前国内钻遇海相页岩层段厚度最大的调查井,其下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩厚度约700m。该套页岩组合以粉砂质页岩、粉砂质页岩夹泥岩、炭质页岩、泥灰岩、钙质页岩、含炭钙质页岩、细晶灰岩、硅质页岩为主,见钙质结核及黄铁矿条带。其底部200m以富有机质炭质页岩为主,石英、长石和黄铁矿总量平均为41.9%,粘土矿物含量平均为27.9%,方解石和白云石含量平均为8.7%,与美国典型页岩储层相似。牛蹄塘组页岩有机碳含量底部为3.9%~17.6%,上部为0.3%~2.1%;平均孔隙度为1.57%,平均渗透率为0.004×10-3μm2。氩离子抛光扫描电镜下页岩微孔隙主要包括矿物晶间(溶)孔、晶间隙、晶内孔,有机质内微孔和微裂缝等。根据比表面-孔径分析,页岩孔喉中值半径最大为6.6nm,平均为5.5nm。综合研究认为牛蹄塘组海相页岩储气能力与孔隙体积、孔隙度、矿物成分、TOC等均有着一定的关系,其中有机碳含量是影响页岩含气量的最主要因素,其次是石英含量、粘土矿物含量、黄铁矿含量、比表面积和BJH总孔体积。利用多元线性回归法,建立了常页1井牛蹄塘组页岩含气量地质模型。 相似文献
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渝东南地区是我国页岩气勘探开发的重点地区.以彭水地区彭页1井龙马溪组泥页岩为研究对象,结合钻井资料、全岩分析、薄片观察、扫描电镜、核磁共振与氮气吸附等实验,对页岩岩矿特征、有机地球化学、储层特征与含气性进行系统分析.研究表明：彭页1井龙马溪组泥页岩厚度约80 m,脆性矿物含量高,以石英为主,约占48%,其次为长石与碳酸盐矿物;黏土矿物占29%,以伊利石为主,占黏土矿物总量的65%,与美国Barnett页岩矿物成分及含量相近,有利于后期压裂.该井区页岩有机质类型为II2型,TOC为1%～3%,平均1.84%,成熟度2.5%～4.4%.储集空间多为纳米级—微米级孔隙,有机质孔和粒间孔为主,可见粒内溶蚀孔、微裂隙、黏土矿物层间孔和少量晶间孔,平均孔隙度2.43%,孔径以微小孔为主,介于2～80 nm,渗透率主要集中在0.005～0.01 mD,含气性中等—偏低,解析气量平均1.15 m3/t,饱和吸附量（VL）平均2.56 m3/t,均低于Barnett页岩和焦页1井的含气量,有机质丰度、储层孔隙度是该区页岩含气量的主控因素,其次还受脆性矿物和黏土矿物含量影响. 相似文献
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为深化认识四川盆地西南缘五峰—龙马溪组页岩储层参数特征及其资源潜力,通过地球化学、矿物组分、物性、扫描电镜、比表面-孔径和等温吸附等研究,测试分析结果表明,富有机质泥页岩(TOC1%)厚度一般为54～162 m,优质段(TOC2%)厚度26～70 m,有机碳平均2.99%～3.78%,硅质含量27.96%～37.0%,长石2.87%～4.85%,碳酸盐岩44.2%～54.2%,黏土9.9%～27.80%,具有低硅质、高钙质及普遍含黄铁矿等特点。埋藏环境下页岩孔隙度明显与含气性呈正相关关系,含气性越好,孔隙度越高。主要孔隙类型为有机质孔、黏土矿物晶间孔和黄铁矿晶间孔。孔隙演化可以划分为埋藏阶段有机质孔的形成、气藏破坏阶段有机质孔隙的破坏和表生岩溶3个阶段。Ro为2.38%～3.37%,古地温梯度32.57～37.55℃/km,大地热流值为84.32～97.21 mW/m2,受晚海西期岩浆活动影响,热演化程度、古地温梯度和大地热流值较高相对较高,不同地区差异较大。四川盆地西南缘五峰—龙马溪组页岩沉积相有利、页岩厚度大,各项参数良好,该区五峰—龙马溪组页岩气影响因素为有利岩相组合、较好的保存条件和相对适中的热演化程度(Ro3.0%)。该区页岩气勘探应由"正向构造"向"稳定向斜"进行拓展,其中木杆、高桥、永盛、大谷堆等4个稳定向斜区是下一步页岩气勘探与突破的最有利区。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段泥页岩既是盆内优质烃源岩,又是有利的页岩气储层。页岩气储层孔隙特征和演化规律的研究,能够为分析页岩气储层储集性能、探讨页岩气赋存成藏过程和机理、预测页岩气"甜点区"提供指导。在总结国内外学者研究成果的基础上,采用氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜观察、高压压汞、气体吸附等分析测试方法,优化了前人对于页岩气储层孔隙的划分方案,将长7段泥页岩孔隙分为基质孔隙和裂缝孔隙两大类,进一步将基质孔隙分为粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔和有机质孔隙4个亚类;定性和定量地分析了研究区长7段泥页岩孔隙特征,孔隙形态复杂,以狭缝形和楔形为主,孔径分布范围宽泛(0.1~10 000nm),孔隙度为0.5%~6.6%,中孔(2~50nm)和宏孔(50nm)是孔隙度的主要贡献者;提出泥页岩岩相类型、成岩作用、生烃作用和构造作用是影响泥页岩孔隙发育及演化的4个主控因素,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地长7段泥页岩孔隙演化模式。 相似文献
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Police, politics, and the right to the city 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete. 相似文献
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I. M. Gorokhov M. A. Semikhatov M. M. Arakelyants E. A. Fallick N. N. Mel’nikov T. L. Turchenko T. A. Ivanovskaya T. S. Zaitseva E. P. Kutyavin 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(3):260-274
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
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扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns. 相似文献
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Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston
situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine
fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and
at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological
(i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates)
controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution
sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were
<20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf
of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is
lost to sediments. 相似文献