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为了解广东吴川近岸海域重金属含量现状及其潜在风险，以便有针对性地对重金属污染进行防控，于2020年10月采集了吴川海域41个站位的表层海水样，运用综合指数法、HAKANSON潜在生态风险指数法和相关性分析法评价了其重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明：Cu含量范围为0.48～14.1μg/L，平均含量为1.75μg/L;Pb含量范围为0.07～7.79μg/L，平均含量为0.44μg/L;Zn含量范围为3.98～65.8μg/L，平均含量为9.22μg/L;Cd含量范围为0.03～0.17μg/L，平均含量为0.05μg/L;Cr含量范围为0.62～2.69μg/L，平均含量为1.92μg/L;Hg含量范围为0～0.039μg/L，平均含量为0.021μg/L;As含量范围为0.39～1.42μg/L，平均含量为0.93μg/L。吴川海域各重金属元素平均含量均未超过中国海水水质一类标准。通过与国内外其他海域表层重金属含量的比较，吴川海域表层海水重金属含量整体处于中低水平。按其相关性可将吴川海域重金属元素分为3类：第1类为Cu-Pb-Zn-Cd组合，第2类为Cr-As组合，第3类为Hg... 相似文献
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胶州湾海水中无机氮的分布与富营养化研究 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23
根据2003年112月胶州湾海区12个航次海水无机氮等的调查资料,分析了该海域生态环境中无机氮的分布特征及时空变化,评价了水质的富营养化状况。结果表明,测区全年溶解无机氮的平均含量为17.70μmol／dm^3。在4个季节中,溶解无机氮以NO3-N的含量为最大,占58．2％,是氮主要存在形态,其中秋季含量最高,占溶解无机氮的64．74％。无机氮分布从东北部高含量区域向湾内及湾口方向呈逐步递减趋势。溶解无机磷的年平均含量为0．49μmol／dm^3,表层海水4个季节中N／P比平均为39．41,胶州湾海水中的磷相对于氮是匮乏的。据营养状态指数划分,胶州湾的东、北岸海域属富营养化区,夏、秋两季可能受到赤潮的严重威胁。 相似文献
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文章利用2003-2012年5月、8月和10月胶州湾19项海水监测要素归一化后数据,基于ArcGIS软件地学统计模块,通过Kriging插值模型对归一化数据进行检验分析及站位优化。结果表明,优化后的31个监测站位估计误差标准差梯度较优化前大幅降低,平均估计误差标准差由0.160降低到0.147,降低了8.3%。站位优化后不仅可对胶州湾沿岸重点污染源以及胶州湾海域总体海水质量实施有效监控,并且可以作为今后胶州湾海水监测的常规站位。优化后的监测网在满足监测精度需要的同时,能够较大程度节省监测网的运行费用,可以为其他海域海水监测站位优化及海洋主管部门提供技术支撑,具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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于１９８６年１月－１１月用高效液相色谱法分析胶州湾１０个站位表层和底层海水中溶解游离氨基酸（ＤＦＡＡ）的组成、含量的分布及其季节变化。结果表明，７个站位的表层海水中月平均总溶解游离氨基酸（ＴＤＦＡＡ）含量范围为１．２４－２．２８ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ。多数站位在２月份处于最低值（０．４ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１１月份达最高值（５．０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。所测氨基酸中，Ｇｌｕ，Ｇｌｙ、Ａｒｇ、Ｌｅｕ，Ｏｒｎ，Ｓｅｒ等占优势 相似文献
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根据1979年的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析了重金属铬在胶州湾水域的分布、迁移和季节变化。研究结果表明;春季,胶州湾水城铬污染较轻,大部分海域水质状况较好,而到夏季没有受到污染。在时空分布上,春季,铬污染形成了明显的梯度,由东北向西南方向递减,从112．3μg／L降低到0．2μg／L。夏季,铬的水平分布比较均匀,表层水体铬的含量较低,范围在0．10～1．40μg／L之间波动。因此认为,1979年整个胶州湾水域的重金属铬属于面污染源。而且,当铬进入胶州湾海域后,很快吸附在水体中的悬浮颗粒上,并被水流较快地带离胶州湾水城,几乎没有在胶州湾水域表、底层留下污染痕迹。 相似文献
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渤海湾北部海域表层海水的表观铜络合容量 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为给渤海湾北部海域重金属铜环境容量研究提供科学依据，采用阳极溶出伏安法对该海域12个站位表层海水样品的表观铜络合容量(ACuCC)和条件稳定常数(K)以及络合容量指数(CCI)进行了测定和计钟：。得到该海区表层海水的表观铜络合容量在228．0～673．4nmol／L之间，平均值为437．5nmol／L，条件稳定常数对数值(IgK)变化范围在7．41～8．84之间，平均值为7．89，络合容量指数在72．69％～92、92％之间，平均值为82．93％。表明该海域表层海水对重金属铜具有较强的络合能力。 相似文献
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重金属是主要的环境污染物之一。文章对惠州近岸海域19个站位的表层海水重金属含量进行分析,利用算术均值型多因子指数法和Hakanson指数法进行重金属污染和生态风险评价。结果显示:(1)2015年8月,惠州海水Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As等6种重金属元素平均值分别为4.85μg/L、4.85μg/L、0.595μg/L、0.263μg/L、0.045μg/L、2.85μg/L,符合海水水质第一类标准,Pb含量平均值为8.46μg/L,符合第三类海水水质标准。(2)算术均值型多因子指数(I=0.379)说明,惠州海水重金属污染级别为尚清洁。(3)相关分析显示,海水中Zn、Hg具有同样的来源,pH对海水Pb分布有重要影响。(4)潜在生态危害系数Eir值由大到小依次为Hg、Pb、Cu、Cd、As、Zn、Cr,综合潜在生态危害指数(RI=22.6)表明惠州海水重金属具有轻微生态危害。 相似文献
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南海中部海域铵浓度及其与浮游植物的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据１９８３年９月至１９８５年１月南海中部海域调查的资料，分析了该海区海水中铵浓度的频率分布，垂直分布特征和次表层铵最大值的形成及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明，铵浓度变化范围在０－２．７１μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３之间，铵含量小于０．５μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３的样品数约为样品总数的７８％，铵最大值出现在表层和次表层机率较大。文中还对该海域表层的铵含量与浮游植物的关系进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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为研究七连屿海洋环境质量状况,于2017年8月在七连屿海域布设20个采样站位,共采集到22个表层海水样品及6个表层沉积物样品,通过原子吸收分光光度计及原子荧光分光光度计测定海水及沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)的含量,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法及相关性分析对水质重金属污染程度进行研究,并采用单因子评价法及Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法分别对沉积物质量及沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明,2017年七连屿海域表层海水重金属含量CZn>CPb>CAs>CCr>CCu>CCd>CHg,部分站位海水铅含量超一类海水水质标准,但是综合污染指数小于1,该调查海域表层海水属于清洁型;海水中Zn-As、Cr-Cd含量之间存在显著负相关关系,此两组元素存在明显异源性;该调查海域表层沉积物重金属含量均符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,沉积物重金属对海洋生态系统仅存在轻微生态风险。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献