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1.
Onset of southwesterly wind over eastern China and associated atmospheric circulation and rainfall 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Using the 5-day averaged data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis, and precipitation from rain gauge stations in China for the period 1981–2000, we investigated seasonal
variations and associated atmospheric circulation and precipitation of the southwesterly wind over eastern China. The southwesterly
wind over eastern China begins earliest over southeastern China and strengthens gradually from spring to the early summer,
as it extends northward. The strengthening of the spring southwesterly wind, the tropospheric upward motion, and the convergence
of low-level water vapor over southeastern China results in the beginning of the local rainy season. The beginning of the
Mei-yu (Plum rainfall) is connected with the northward march of the southwesterly wind. The southwesterly wind reaches the
valley of the Yangtze River in the early summer and northern China in the middle summer. This signifies an onset of the large-scale
southwesterly wind over eastern China. Accordingly, the rain belt over southeastern China moves to the valley of the Yangtze
River in the early summer and to northern China in the middle summer. Moreover, the southerly wind extends southward to the
South China Sea from the spring to summer, though it does not stretch from the South China Sea to southeastern China at those
times. The strengthening of the southerly wind over southeastern China is associated with a weakening/strengthening of the
eastward/westward subtropical tropospheric temperature gradient between southwestern China and the western North Pacific.
The developments of a low-pressure system over southwestern China and the subtropical high-pressure system over the western
North Pacific may contribute to the strengthening of the southwesterly wind. A northward advance of the high-pressure system
favors the southwesterly wind stretching from southeastern China to northern China. The onset of the Indian summer monsoon
also strengthens the summer southwesterly wind over eastern China. 相似文献
2.
In this paper, temperature and rainfall data series were analysed from 34 meteorological stations distributed throughout Bangladesh over a 40-year period (1971 to 2010) in order to evaluate the magnitude of these changes statistically and spatially. Linear regression, coefficient of variation, inverse distance weighted interpolation techniques and geographical information systems were performed to analyse the trends, variability and spatial patterns of temperature and rainfall. Autoregressive integrated moving average time series model was used to simulate the temperature and rainfall data. The results confirm a particularly strong and recent climate change in Bangladesh with a 0.20 °C per decade upward trend of mean temperature. The highest upward trend in minimum temperature (range of 0.80–2.4 °C) was observed in the northern, northwestern, northeastern, central and central southern parts while greatest warming in the maximum temperature (range of 1.20–2.48 °C) was found in the southern, southeastern and northeastern parts during 1971–2010. An upward trend of annual rainfall (+7.13 mm per year) and downward pre-monsoon (?0.75 mm per year) and post-monsoon rainfall (?0.55 mm per year) trends were observed during this period. Rainfall was erratic in pre-monsoon season and even more so during the post-monsoon season (variability of 44.84 and 85.25 % per year, respectively). The mean forecasted temperature exhibited an increase of 0.018 °C per year in 2011–2020, and if this trend continues, this would lead to approximately 1.0 °C warmer temperatures in Bangladesh by 2020, compared to that of 1971. A greater rise is projected for the mean minimum (0.20 °C) than the mean maximum (0.16 °C) temperature. Annual rainfall is projected to decline 153 mm from 2011 to 2020, and a drying condition will persist in the northwestern, western and southwestern parts of the country during the pre- and post-monsoonal seasons. 相似文献
3.
Detailed spatiotemporal structures for the submonthly-scale (7–25 days) intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in summer monsoon rainfall and atmospheric circulation were investigated in South Asia using high-quality rainfall and reanalysis datasets. The Meghalaya–Bangladesh–coast of the western Myanmar (MBWM) region is the predominant area of submonthly-scale ISO in the Asian monsoon regions. The distinct rainfall ISO is caused by a remarkable alternation of low-level zonal wind between westerly and easterly flows around the Gangetic Plain on the same timescales. In the active ISO phase of the MBWM, a strong low-level westerly/southwesterly flows around the plain and a center of cyclonic vorticity appears over Bangladesh. Hence, a local southerly flows toward the Meghalaya Plateau and there is strong southwesterly flow towards the coast along southeastern Bangladesh and western Myanmar, resulting in an increase in orographic rainfall. Rainfall also increases over the lowland area of the MBWM due to the low-level convergence in the boundary layer under the strong cyclonic circulation. The submonthly-scale low-level wind fluctuation around the MBWM is caused by a westward moving n = 1 equatorial Rossby (ER) wave. When the anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomaly related to the ER wave approaches the Bay of Bengal from the western Pacific, humid westerly/southwesterly (easterly/southeasterly) flows enhance around the Gangetic Plain on the northern fringe of the anticyclone (cyclone) and in turn promote (reduce) rainfall in the MBWM. Simultaneously, robust circulation signals are observed over the mid-latitudes. In the active phase, cyclonic anomalies appear over and around the TP, having barotropic vertical structure and also contributing to the enhancement of low-level westerly flow around the Gangetic Plain. In the upper troposphere, an anticyclonic anomaly is also observed upstream of the cyclonic anomaly over the TP, having wavetrain structure. The mid-latitude circulation around the TP likely helps to induce the distinct ISO there in conjunction with the equatorial waves. Thus, the distinct ISO in the MBWM is strongly enhanced locally (~500 km) by the terrain features, although the atmospheric circulation causing the ISO has a horizontal scale of ~6,000 km or more, extending across the whole Asian monsoon system from the tropics to mid-latitudes. 相似文献
4.
Summary ?Mountains profoundly impact precipitation systems in Taiwan, particularly in areas occupying roughly two-thirds of the island’s
landmass. This study examines the terrain structures possibly affecting the formation of rainfall systems in northern Taiwan
by analyzing radar data, surface rainfall data, and simulation results from MM5 (Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale
Model) under a weak synoptic influence condition. More specifically, this study analyzes precipitation systems formed in three
different days with different ambient wind directions (i.e., southwesterly, southerly and south-southeasterly flows) in a
low Froude number regime in Mei-Yu (or Baiu) season.
The southwesterly (southerly) predominant wind was blocked by CMR (central mountain range) over southwestern (southern) Taiwan.
Consequently, the southwesterly (southerly) winds were diverted around southern Taiwan, traveled northward following the terrain
contour of CMR and then converged in northeastern (northern) Taiwan to produce a NE-SW (N-S) orientated convergence area.
As anabatic flow and onshore flow intensified in northern Taiwan and thus enhanced the existing convergence in the late morning
and early afternoon, the precipitation system appeared over slope first and then moved down the slope following the predominant
wind direction. Upwards motion persisted in this convergence region, and initiated a new precipitation system. Consequently,
rainfall accumulation was orientated in a NE-SW (N-S) direction in northern Taiwan. On the windward side of CMR in central
Taiwan, precipitation was first produced in the slope by anabatic flow and was generated in lower land because of the interaction
between down slope and onshore flow in the late afternoon. When the flow was predominantly from the south-southeast, the convergence
due to the splitting of the predominant over western Taiwan became weaken after onshore flow over west coast developed since
the direction of onshore flow was against the splitting predominant flow. Precipitation only appeared in the sloping areas
of northwestern and central Taiwan in the relatively dry environment resulting from the anabatic flow.
Several sensitivity tests indicated that the lee-side convergence in a low Froude number regime superimposed by anabatic flow
and onshore flow is important for producing rainfall in northern Taiwan. The prevailing wind direction determined the orientation
of the rainfall accumulation in northern Taiwan. The high relative humidity is important for precipitation to form in lower
elevations.
Received February 9, 2001; Revised November 23, 2001 相似文献
5.
The cyclone frequency distribution over the Bay of Bengal during 1990–2009 was distinctly bimodal, with a primary post-monsoon peak and a secondary pre-monsoon peak, despite the very high convective available potential energy (CAPE) during the pre-monsoon. The location of the monsoon trough over the bay is a primary factor in tropical cyclogenesis. Because the trough was in the northernmost bay during the pre-monsoon season, cyclogenesis was inactive in the southern bay, where a strong southwesterly wind shear was found. In this season, moreover, a hot, dry air mass extending vertically from 950 to 600 hPa was advected from northwestern India toward the bay. Moist, warm southwesterly winds penetrating below the deep, dry air mass caused a prominent dryline to form aloft on the northwestern side of the bay. The synoptic-scale hot, dry air forcing to the bay suppressed the active convection necessary for cyclogenesis. The strength of the stable environmental layer, represented by convective inhibition (CIN), was extremely large, and acted as a cap over the northern and northwestern bay. Conversely, during the post-monsoon, there were no horizontal temperature or moisture gradients, and CAPE and CIN were fairly modest. The entire bay was covered by a very deep, moist layer from the surface to 700 hPa transported from the east. The monsoon trough position and the environmental CIN in combination can explain the lower frequency of cyclogenesis during the pre-monsoon compared with the post-monsoon season. 相似文献
6.
本研究利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的Global Forecasting System（GFS）再分析资料、气象信息综合分析处理系统（MICAPS）观测资料、自动站与逐小时融合降水资料和中国新一代多普勒天气雷达网的基数据（Level-Ⅱ）,对2014年5月31日一次发生在合肥附近的暖区飑线过程进行了分析。天气分析显示,飑线发生在暖区,整个中高层以下呈现高湿状态,以及较弱的对流不稳定和弱风切变（0~3 km风切小于10 m·s-1）环境。雷达分析揭示,飑线呈弓状,具有明显的对流区、层云区和过渡带,线尾涡旋位于弓形回波北端。从后往前的气流自层云区后侧6 km以下进入系统,最大风速区在z=4 km处,强风速中心并未及地造成地面风灾。由于本次个案在暖区高湿环境下形成,地面冷池较弱,维持时间短;短时降水较强,最强超过40 mm·h-1。 相似文献
7.
M. Soltani M. Molanejad F. Khoshakhlagh A. Ranjbar SaadatAbadi F. Ranjbar 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2014,126(1-2):49-63
A heavy rainfall event during the period from 30th of March to 2nd of April 2009 has been studied using upper air and surface data as well as NOAA HYSPLIT model. This observational study attempts to determine factors responsible for the occurrence of heavy rainfall over Iran induced by Mediterranean cyclone, a western severe sub-tropical storm that made rainfall on most regions of the country. On the surface chart, cyclones, anticyclones and weather fronts were identified. The positions of the cold and warm fronts, which extended from a two-core low pressure center, were quite in good agreements with directions of winds i.e., westerly, southerly and easterly flows as well as the regions of precipitation. The heavy rain event occurred due to a Mediterranean cyclone’s activity over the study area, while other conditions were also responsible for this event such as an unstable atmosphere condition with abundant low-level moisture, which the warm and moist air parcels were brought by the southwesterly low-level jet into the country from Persian Gulf, Oman Sea, Indian Ocean and Caspian Sea at lower levels as well as Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea and Persian Gulf at upper levels over the examined period. A strong low-level convergence zone was observed along the wind-shift line between the southwesterly flow because of the low-level jet and the northeasterly flow due to the Russian high pressure. The amount of precipitable water varied between 20 and 24 kg m?2, surface moisture convergence exceeded 2.5 g kg?1 s?1 and the highest CAPE value in the sounding profiles was observed in Birjand site with 921 J kg?1 during the study period. The HYSPLIT model outputs confirmed the observed synoptic features for the examined system over the country. 相似文献
8.
2017年北京北部一次罕见强弓状飑线过程演变和机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2017年7月7日下午至午夜,河北西北部和北京中北部发生了一次罕见的最大瞬时风力将近12级并伴有大冰雹的强弓状飑线过程,其触发、演变和维持机制等具有较高研究价值。综合多种观测资料和NCEP分析资料,利用“配料法”分析了该次飑线过程的环境条件、触发、演变、风暴结构和弓形回波的形成与维持机制。飑线发生在500 hPa冷涡西南部的前倾槽和低空急流形势下;超过2000 J/kg的对流有效位能（CAPE）、强0—6 km和0—3 km风垂直切变为弓状飑线及其相关超级单体的生成和维持、大冰雹和地面强风的形成提供了有利条件;较低的湿球温度0℃层（~3.8 km）是有利于大冰雹形成的融化层高度;对流层中层高达30℃温度露点差与大的垂直减温率造成环境大气具有强的下沉对流有效位能（DCAPE）,利于弓形回波和地面大风的形成。初始对流形成于西北风和西南偏西风之间的地面辐合线附近。地面大风和冰雹主要分布于低黑体亮温（TBB）和以正闪为主的闪电活跃处。雷达回波显示飑线先由线状对流系统发展成为团状超级单体对流系统,最后演变成弓状飑线。超级单体阶段和飑线阶段都有明显的回波悬垂、弱回波区、中气旋（飑线成熟后期为中涡旋）、强后侧入流及其伴随的入流缺口等;对流层中层急流和大的温度露点差是形成强下沉气流并发展出弓状特征的主要原因;大的对流有效位能和下沉对流有效位能以及强风垂直切变是飑线维持的原因。 相似文献
9.
The record-breaking mei-yu in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) in 2020 was characterized by an early onset, a delayed retreat, a long duration, a wide meridional rainbelt, abundant precipitation, and frequent heavy rainstorm processes. It is noted that the East Asian monsoon circulation system presented a significant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during the mei-yu season of 2020 that was associated with the onset and retreat of mei-yu, a northward shift and stagnation of the rainbelt, and the occurrence and persistence of heavy rainstorm processes. Correspondingly, during the mei-yu season, the monsoon circulation subsystems, including the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the upper-level East Asian westerly jet, and the low-level southwesterly jet, experienced periodic oscillations linked with the QBWO. Most notably, the repeated establishment of a large southerly center, with relatively stable latitude, led to moisture convergence and ascent which was observed to develop repeatedly. This was accompanied by a long-term duration of the mei-yu rainfall in the YHRV and frequent occurrences of rainstorm processes. Moreover, two blocking highs were present in the middle to high latitudes over Eurasia, and a trough along the East Asian coast was also active, which allowed cold air intrusions to move southward through the northwestern and/or northeastern paths. The cold air frequently merged with the warm and moist air from the low latitudes resulting in low-level convergence over the YHRV. The persistent warming in the tropical Indian Ocean is found to be an important external contributor to an EAP/PJ-like teleconnection pattern over East Asia along with an intensified and southerly displaced WPSH, which was observed to be favorable for excessive rainfall over YHRV. 相似文献
10.
The Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW) is used to simulate the local heavy rainstorm process caused by Typhoon Matsa over the northeastern coast of Zhejiang Province in 2005. The results show that the rainstorm was caused mainly by the secondary spiral rainband of the Stationary Band Complex (SBC) structure. Within the secondary spiral rainband there was a strong meso-β-scale convergence line generated in the boundary layer, corresponding very well to the Doppler radar echo band. The convergence line comprised several smaller convergence centers, and all of these convergence columns inclined outward. Along the convergence line there was precipitation greater than 20 mm occurring during the following one hour. During the heavy rainstorm process, the Doppler radar echo band, convergence line, and the precipitation amount during the following one hour, moved and evolved synchronously. Further study reveals that the vertical shear of radial wind and the low-level jet of tangential wind contributed to the genesis and development of the convergence columns. The combined effect of the ascending leg of the clockwise secondary circulation of radial wind and the favorable environment of the entrance region of the low-level jet of tangential wind further strengthened the convergence. The warm, moist inflow in the lower levels was brought in by the inflows of the clockwise secondary circulation and uplifted intensely at the effect of convergence. In the convectively instable environment, strong convection was triggered to produce the heavy rainstorm. 相似文献
11.
北京“7.21”暴雨雨团的发生和传播机理 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
基于京津冀5部新一代天气雷达、区域5min自动站和中尺度数值模式模拟资料,通过雷达资料快速更新循环四维变分同化技术和三维数值云模式对低层三维动力和热动力特征的模拟分析,为北京"7.21"特大暴雨中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System,MCS)的结构特征和传播机理的分析提供了佐证。结果表明:(1)低层动力场和地形强迫对MCS的触发、增强和维持起到关键作用。在MCS形成阶段,地形强迫有利于低空偏南气流带来的暖湿空气在山前的辐合上升。随着MCS的加强,强降水区域呈现与地形走向接近的"西南—东北"向带状分布,单体移动具有明显的"列车效应",而MCS整体则向东偏南缓慢传播。在MCS传播前沿(山前)形成强的出流风场,低层2 km以下均为深厚的辐合上升区且进一步加强,表明地形强迫和低层风辐合对偏南暖湿空气抬升起到重要作用,有利于MCS长时间"列车效应"的维持和MCS的发展。MCS出流风场与平原地区近地面偏南风交汇,使得在距MCS传播前沿约50 km的、已经存在的一个接近"西西南—东东北"走向的出流边界明显增强。在MCS传播前沿存在较为明显的0-3 km风垂直切变,由MCS出流与低层偏南风形成的风向切变以及地形强迫造成的风速切变构成,切变区域与地形走向及MCS伸展方向密切相关,切变强度达到中纬度低层强切变阈值范围。低层风垂直切变与MCS存在明显的正反馈效应,亦有利于MCS的长时间发展和维持。(2)低层热动力场为MCS的发展、传播提供了重要条件。在MCS传播前方的环境低层是明显的暖湿区,而在传播后方的低层则是由于地面冷锋及MCS降水造成的冷区,冷暖空气交汇对MCS的高度组织化和强降水的持续起到重要作用。低层的热力层结不稳定区域主要分布在MCS的南部到西南部地区,为MCS尾部风暴单体的不断新生和移动传播创造了良好的热力条件。最后,通过观测和模拟结果综合分析,初步得出了与此次强降水MCS发展演变密切相关的低层热、动力配置的概念模型,为MCS"列车效应"和后向传播特征的机制分析提供了依据。 相似文献
12.
Carole J. Hahn 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1981,21(2):231-245
Diurnal wind variations are examined at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory which is located 25 km east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Data were obtained from a 300-m tower which was instrumented at eight levels and operated almost continuously for three weeks during September 1978. Observations on clear days, for which the diurnal heating and cooling of the local terrain slopes can be expected to affect the winds, show that daytime winds tend to be easterly (upslope) throughout the 300-m depth. At night, a temperature inversion typically develops to about 100 m. Below this level, the nocturnal flow tends to be downslope; above the inversion, a distinctly different regime of flow develops. A diurnal wind oscillation, characterized by strong southerly flow beginning near sunset and ending near midnight, occurred in the upper layer on 25% of the days during the study period. Rapid clockwise rotation of the wind vector occurred during the period of increased wind speed. This oscillation occurred only on days when the synoptic-scale geostrophic wind was southerly. It is suggested that this non-steady state behavior is an inertial oscillation affected by the diurnally varying temperature gradients and local topography. 相似文献
13.
Summary Heavy precipitation events to the south of the Alps are usually associated with a southerly pre-frontal low-level jet advecting
moisture toward the southern slopes of the Alps. Here we use idealised numerical simulations to assess the nature of the associated
flow regimes and the mechanisms leading to vertical lifting and precipitation. The idealisations comprise: a simplified arc-shaped
barrier-like orographic obstacle of Alpine scale; neglection of the tropopause; a stationary two-dimensional upstream flow
configuration that includes a frontal structure and a low-level jet; hydrostatic dynamics with free-slip lower boundary conditions;
and a simplified set of parameterizations to address dry, moist absolutely stable, and moist conditionally unstable upstream
flow configurations.
Within the dry dynamics, typical settings lead to Alpine-scale flow splitting with pronounced left/right asymmetries with
respect to the incident southerly flow. Strong vertical lifting occurs over the western portion of the upstream slopes, within
the stream of air that tries to circum go the elongated obstacle on the western flank. Thus, despite belonging to the “flow-around”
regime, these flow configurations can exhibit vertical lifting over the whole height of the obstacle. The responsible asymmetry
is primarily induced by the Coriolis effect in the presence of an elongated mountain, but it can further be intensified by
the impinging low-level jet and the arc-shape of the Alpine topography. With a conditionally unstable moist upstream profile,
the flow is able to surmount the obstacle without pronounced horizontal deflections. Maximum precipitation rates of are obtained. When moist convection is suppressed by using a moist absolutely stable upstream profile, the flow is again
substantially deflected and shows the typical characteristics of the dry flow regime discussed above, with somewhat reduced
precipitation rates as compared to the convective case. Overall there is evidence that the asymmetry introduced by the Coriolis
effect, a pronounced low-level jet, and a moist upstream profile, all facilitate vertical lifting and thereby provide a suitable
environment for heavy condensation and precipitation.
Received March 22, 1999/Revised August 18, 1999 相似文献
14.
一次孟加拉湾风暴Akash (0701) 对我国西南地区强降水过程的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
孟加拉湾地区是全球热带气旋频繁活动的海域之一,孟加拉湾风暴常对我国青藏高原和西南地区造成严重影响.孟加拉湾风暴Akash (0701) 于2007年5月15～17日引发了云南、广西等地一次持续性强降水过程.本文利用地面降水资料、NCEP(the National Centers for Atmospheric Prediction)/NCAR(the National Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料和JMA(Japan Meteorological agency)卫星TBB(Black Body Temperature)资料,研究Akash对我国西南地区这次强降水过程的影响.结果表明:这次强降水过程发生在Akash与青藏高原低槽密切配合的形势下.Akash登陆减弱期间其对流云团移上青藏高原,加强槽前云系引发强降水.受孟加拉湾风暴高层辐散影响,南亚高压加强并北上控制我国西南地区,这增强了降水区的高空辐散,有利于上升运动发展.同时孟加拉湾风暴为降水区提供了充足的水汽输送.降水区的水汽净流入、湿斜压性增长以及强烈条件性对称不稳定是这次强降水产生的有利条件.研究还发现,低纬高原地形对孟加拉湾风暴偏南风的强迫抬升加剧了降水区的上升运动,有助于强降水的产生. 相似文献
15.
Analysis of Mesoscale Convective Systems Associated With a Warm-Sector Rainstorm Event Over South China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
With multiple meteorological data, including precipitation from automatic weather stations, integrated satellite-based precipitation (CMORPH), brightness temperature (TBB), radar echoes and NCEP reanalysis, a rainstorm event, which occurred on May 26, 2007 over South China, is analyzed with the focus on the evolution characteristics of associated mesoscale-β convective systems (Mβcss). Results are shown as follows. (1) The rainstorm presents itself as a typical warm-sector event, for it occurs within a surface inverted trough and on the left side of a southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ), which shows no obvious features of baroclinicity. (2) The heavy rainfall event is directly related to at least three bodies of Mβcss with peak precipitation corresponding well to their mature stages. (3) The Mβcss manifest a backward propagation, which is marked with a new form of downstream convection different from the more usual type of forward propagation over South China, i.e., new convective systems mainly form at the rear part of older Mβcss. (4) Rainstorm-causing Mβcss form near the convergence region on the left side of an 850-hPa southwesterly LLJ, over which there are dominantly divergent air flows at 200 hPa. Different from the typical flow pattern of outward divergence off the east side of South Asia High, which is usually found to be over zones of heavy rains during the annually first rainy season of South China, this warm-sector heavy rain is below the divergence region formed between the easterly and southerly flows west of the South Asian High that is moving out to sea. (5) The LLJ transports abundant amount of warm and moist air to the heavy rainfall area, providing advantageous conditions for highly unstable energy to generate and store at middle and high levels, where corresponding low-level warm advection may be playing a more direct role in the development of Mβcss. As a triggering mechanism for organized convective systems, the effect of low-level warm advection deserves more of our attention. Based on the analysis of surface mesoscale airflow in the article, possible triggering mechanisms for Mβcss are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
Simulation of West African monsoon using the RegCM3. Part I: Model validation and interannual variability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. A. Afiesimama J. S. Pal B. J. Abiodun W. J. Gutowski Jr A. Adedoyin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2006,86(1-4):23-37
Summary The West African monsoon oscillates each year with remarkable regularity but the interannual variability associated with the
monsoon is not fully understood although much progress has been made in recent years. This study examines and evaluates the
mean state and the interannual variability of the West African climate as simulated by the International Centre for Theoretical
Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) over the period 1979 through 1990 using the National Center for Environmental
Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data as lateral boundary conditions.
Our analysis shows that the averaged rainfall over the region is well represented by the model and demonstrates considerable
skill in reproducing the extreme rainfall regimes.
There is however a tendency to overestimate rainfall amounts along the Guinean coast, particularly around mountainous areas,
and to underestimate it over the Soudano-Sahel. The increased rainfall along the coast is due to an enhanced low-level convergence
of the moist southwesterly winds along the coast leading to a reduction of the moisture content in the atmosphere. The decrease
over the Soudano-Sahel could be associated with the weakening of the land–sea temperature gradient and hence the decrease
in the low level southerly flows. The spatial and temporal variations in temperature are well captured by the model except
for slightly cold bias over the coastal region due to an overestimation of precipitation. 相似文献
17.
应用南疆西部（35°～42°N,73°～80°E）15个气象站及200个区域自动气象站2013年逐日降水量资料和NCEP/NCAR每日4次1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年南疆西部4次典型暴雨天气过程的水汽源地、水汽输送及水汽收支特征。结果表明,2013年4场暴雨天气水汽主源地主要分布在阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾,其次是波斯湾,低层东风急流（LLEJ）在南疆西部暴雨过程中作用显著。过程Ⅰ水汽输送路径主要为偏东和西南气流,在南疆西部沿山及偏东平原强烈辐合引发暴雨,偏东路径水汽输送明显大于西南路径,水汽输送的大值区域持续时间为24 h。过程Ⅱ水汽输送有西方、西南和偏东路径,3支水汽输送在南疆西部东—西、南—北产生剧烈的辐合造成大范围、强度强的暴雨天气,东边界水汽输入量接近南边界,水汽输送的大值区域持续时间为60 h。 过程Ⅲ水汽输送为西方、偏南和偏东路径,LLEJ引导的水汽在西风、东风气流的交汇下沿山堆积产生强的辐合,造成暴雨天气。水汽输送的大值区域持续时间为24 h。过程水汽输送主要有西方、偏南和偏东路径,西方路径的输送量远远大于偏东和偏南水汽,水汽输送出现2次高低空大值区域叠置现象,暴雨过程中大值区域持续时间48 h。 相似文献
18.
Synoptic Features of the Second Meiyu Period in 1998 over China 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
1. IntroductionThe Meiyu, translated as plum rain, is a majorannual rainfall event over the Yangtze River Basin inChina and southern Japan in June and July. Theheavy rainfall is mainly caused by a quasi-stationaryfront, known as the Meiyu front, extended from east-ern China to southern Japan (Tao, 1958; Matsumotoet al., 1971; Akiyama, 1990; Gao et al, 1990). Studiesof Zhang and Zhang (1990) and Chen et al. (1998)pointed that the Meiyu front is one of the most signif-icant circulation s… 相似文献
19.
20.
Kirsten Warrach-Sagi Thomas Schwitalla Volker Wulfmeyer Hans-Stefan Bauer 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(3-4):755-774
The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model with its land surface model NOAH was set up and applied as regional climate model over Europe. It was forced with the latest ERA-interim reanalysis data from 1989 to 2008 and operated with 0.33° and 0.11° resolution. This study focuses on the verification of monthly and seasonal mean precipitation over Germany, where a high quality precipitation dataset of the German Weather Service is available. In particular, the precipitation is studied in the orographic terrain of southwestern Germany and the dry lowlands of northeastern Germany. In both regions precipitation data is very important for end users such as hydrologists and farmers. Both WRF simulations show a systematic positive precipitation bias not apparent in ERA-interim and an overestimation of wet day frequency. The downscaling experiment improved the annual cycle of the precipitation intensity, which is underestimated by ERA-interim. Normalized Taylor diagrams, i.e., those discarding the systematic bias by normalizing the quantities, demonstrate that downscaling with WRF provides a better spatial distribution than the ERA interim precipitation analyses in southwestern Germany and most of the whole of Germany but degrades the results for northeastern Germany. At the applied model resolution of 0.11°, WRF shows typical systematic errors of RCMs in orographic terrain such as the windward–lee effect. A convection permitting case study set up for summer 2007 improved the precipitation simulations with respect to the location of precipitation maxima in the mountainous regions and the spatial correlation of precipitation. This result indicates the high value of regional climate simulations on the convection-permitting scale. 相似文献