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1.
Meiyan Zhao Hongyan Cai Zhi Qiao 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(12):2421-2441
The urban heat island (UHI) effect resulting from rapid urbanization is attracting increasing attention among the global scientific community. This research analyzed the relationship between urban expansion and the UHI effect utilizing an integrated approach, including urban land interpretation and retrieving land surface temperature based on remote sensing, and spatial overlay analysis for revealing the relationship for different time periods between 1984 and 2014 in Shanghai, China. The results show that (1) the spatiotemporal changes in UHI are consistent with the expansion of urban land, and rapid urban expansion leads to an expansion of the UHI, in particular along roadways. (2) The mode of urban expansion is an important factor influencing the UHI effect. Urban sprawl (urban expansion in the edge-expansion way) is a form of typical expansion that leads to the rapid increase in the UHI. When the urban compactness ratio is less than 0.15, a compact design can effectively control the expansion rate of the UHI and mitigate its range of influence and intensity. However, when the urban compactness ratio is greater than 0.15, the urban design has a marked influence on the UHI ratio index: a more compact form produces a stronger UHI effect. So, finding an equilibrium between urban compactness ratio and urban expansion rate is good for effective urban management and planning. 相似文献
2.
This paper analyzes the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Lhasa City of Tibet using meteorological observations, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) data obtained from Earth Observing System/Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (EOS/MODIS) information, and correlation and composite analyses. The results show: (1) Areas with high temperature are primarily located in the center of the city or nearby counties, while low temperature areas are in the suburbs of counties. The area with high temperature has expanded in recent years and some high-temperature centers have even migrated to certain other regions. (2) The UHI intensity tends to be stronger both in annual and seasonal variations, especially in winter. Also, LST is somewhat positively related to mean air temperature. (3) A negative correlation exists between the changes of LST and NDVI with the increase of vegetation from urban to rural areas in different seasons. (4) The UHI intensity is negatively correlated with precipitation while positively correlated with wind speed, and the relation between the UHI intensity and evaporation varies with the seasons, namely, the intensity is positively correlated with summer evaporation but negatively correlated with winter evaporation. (5) UHI intensity might be enhanced by intensified urbanization, wherein built-up areas expand, there is increased heat from human activity, and there is more artificial heat input to the atmosphere. 相似文献
3.
Rapid change in land use and land cover (LULC) and unplanned urban expansion in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, receives continuous attention from local policymakers and the international community. This study employed a supervised classification procedure and postclassification change detection technique to estimate major changes between different LULC classes. The study revealed that built-up area increased significantly from 1989 to 2014. The total urban growth of 81.54 percent resulted in a substantial decrease in natural vegetation cover and agricultural land. In addition, water bodies have declined consistently over the last twenty-five years. The overall accuracy of LULC change maps produced from Landsat data ranged from 89.72 percent to 92.97 percent. The results should contribute to ongoing LULC information updates while forecasting possible future LULC change and sustainable development under greater population density. 相似文献
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5.
Leandro Ismael de Azevedo LACERDA José Augusto Ribeiro da SILVEIRA Celso Augusto Guimar 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(10):1529-1552
Urban forests play an important role in the thermal comfort and overall life of local populations in large-and medium-sized cities.This study analyzes urban forest loss and maps land use and land cover (LULC) changes between 1991 and 2018 by evaluating the use of urban planning instruments for the mitigation of urban forest loss in Jo～o Pessoa,Brazil.For this purpose,satellite-derived LULC images from 1991,2006,2010 and 2018 and data on urban forest loss areas obtained using the Google Earth Engine were used.In addi-tion,this paper also discusses the instruments used for integrated urban planning,which are(a) the legal sector,responsibility and nature;(b) the urban expansion process;and (c) the elements of urban infrastructure.The results show a clear shift in land use in the study area.The major changes in LULC classes occurred in urban areas and herbaceous vegetation,while the greatest loss was in arboreal/shrub vegetation.Thus,an increase in the pressure to occupy zones intended for environmental preservation could be estimated.Our results showed similar accuracies with other studies and more spatial details.The characteristics of the patterns,traces,and hotspots of urban expansion and forest cover loss were explored.We highlighted the potential use of this proposed framework to be applied and validated in other parts of the world to help better understand and quantify various aspects of ur-ban-related problems such as urban forest loss mapping using instruments for integrated urban planning and low-cost approaches. 相似文献
6.
基于长期不透水面和MODIS地表温度数据,分析2000—2015年中国城市群扩张及热岛效应时空演变,进而综合采用冗余分析(RDA)、线性回归分析和变异分配分析(VPA)等方法,揭示城市群城市热岛效应的驱动机制。结果表明：城市群内建成区面积快速扩张,不透水面比例从2000年2.08%增长到2015年5.33%,且主要集中于珠江三角洲等沿海城市群;2000—2015年,夏季热岛分布较广,且白天强度高于夜晚。东部以及大部分北部城市群如哈长城市群等,降温强度较大,但其夜晚热岛效应在不同程度增强。冬季夜晚比白天热岛分布广、强度高,北方、西北、东部等地区夜晚热岛效应也在增强;自然环境因素显著影响城市群热岛强度,降水对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(22%),纬度越高,冬季夜晚热岛强度也越高。人为因素显著影响夜晚热岛分布和城市群内热岛强度的平衡,城市植被覆盖显著减少夜晚城市群内热岛分布,灯光强度对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(24%),对热岛比例起显著正贡献(27%),人口密度对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(31%);自然环境因素对热岛强度的贡献占主导,而人为干扰因素对热岛比例的贡献占主导。 相似文献
7.
Linda Peake 《Urban geography》2016,37(6):830-838
In this response to Ananya Roy’s paper, I ask: who are the allies of feminist knowledge production about the urban? To explore this question, I specifically ask what feminist scholars may find of use in two books, namely Arrival Cities by Doug Saunders and Implosions/Explosions edited by Neil Brenner, that are representative of two major discourses on the urban, respectively, the “Urban Age” and planetary urbanization, currently favored by policy bodies and (some) academics. Their limited engagement with politics leads me to conclude with a call for a feminist mode of situated knowledge production to engage with (the limits of) urban theory and the urban as a site of praxis. 相似文献
8.
武汉城市扩张对热场时空演变的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
深入分析城市扩张对城市热场时空分布及演变的影响机制,对探求城市热岛效应缓解对策、改善城市生态环境质量意义重大。基于1987年、1996年、2007年和2013年的Landsat影像反演武汉主城区地表温度、提取不透水面值,定量研究两者的关系,探讨城市建设对城市热场空间分布的影响;采用不透水面和正规化地表温度差值影像动态定量1987-2013年武汉城市扩张对热场时空演变的影响机制。结果表明：① 1987-2013年,武汉不透水面不断增加,城市建设强度加强,城市扩张明显,但是不同时期表现出不同的扩张方向、范围和模式。② 城市热岛效应主要发生在相应时期的建成区和武钢工业区,而城市大型水体则表现出明显的“冷廊效应”和“冷岛效应”;1987-1996年、1996-2007年和2007-2013年热状况恶化面积分别为382.0 km2、305.1 km2和105.7 km2,热状况总体呈现恶化趋势。③ 不透水面指数能较好地解释热场空间的异质性,两者回归方程的系数为0.751~0.923,不透水面值每增加0.1,正规化地表温度值会增加0.01~0.02。④ 城市热状况变化从改良极显著、改良较显著、无变化、恶化较显著到恶化极显著,对应的不透水面差值由小到大,城市扩张和城市建设强度加大对恶化城市热环境和加剧城市热岛扩展作用明显。 相似文献
9.
选择北京地区为研究区,基于1967~2016年城市站（北京站）和城郊农村站（密云站）的长期气象观测数据,研究平均气温、最高气温、最低气温对应的城市热岛强度长期变化特征及其气候学影响机制。研究发现,过去50 a平均气温和最低气温对应的城市热岛强度显著增加,增温率分别为0.29℃/10a和0.45℃/10a,而最高气温对应的城市热岛强度则没有明显变化趋势;统计分析显示过去50 a北京地区相对湿度、风速和日照时数显著降低以及气温显著上升有利于城市热岛的形成,强化城市热岛强度;未来全球变暖和快速城市化背景下北京地区城市热岛效应将进一步加剧,形成更频繁和持续时间更长的夏季城市高温热浪,严重危及城市居民生产生活和生命健康。 相似文献
10.
山地高密度城市热岛效应的多约束因子格局分析与定量探测——重庆都市区案例研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市热岛受城市地表多因素影响,山地城市的情况则更为复杂。本文以典型山地城市重庆为例,基于Landsat8 OLI/TIRS影像、高精度矢量建筑等多源空间数据,采用城市地温反演、归一化植被指数、天空开阔度建模等方法,重点针对城市建成区,通过地理探测器分析各因子对城市热岛效应的约束力。研究表明：① 在都市区全域,城市热场空间异质性显著,植被覆盖、城市表面高程和天空开阔度因子具有全局性约束力表现,建筑密度、容积率和路网距离具有局部约束力表现。② 在城市建成区内部,对城市热岛效应约束性排前三位因子分别为：植被覆盖（q=0.782）、城市表面高程（q=0.499）、建筑密度（q=0.496）;局部约束因子建筑密度、容积率和道路距离的约束力均较强,但三者差异小;天空开阔度对城市热岛的全局性影响相对较小（q<0.1）。③ 在城市建成区内部,各约束因子对城市热岛具有叠加约束效应,叠加解释度q（Xi∩Xj）均强于独立解释度,叠加q值介于0.50~0.82之间。 相似文献
11.
利用四期TM数据和GIS技术,分析了近20年南京城市边缘区城镇用地格局动态变化:城镇用地格局变化拐点在1994年和2000年,空间上表现出增长“热极”与“热带”;城镇用地格局变化阶段性是经济社会驱动过程演化阶段的反映,其空间特征是区域社会经济物质载体演化的体现,开发区是城镇用地增长首要来源,新市区与大学城是其增长核心和新形式,交通路网对其产生空间导向;但城镇用地增长相对处于规模扩张阶段,引致自然景观破碎化、社区“空壳”现象、大学城“圈地运动”耕地浪费严重。 相似文献
12.
城市空间形态对城市热岛效应的多尺度影响研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着全球城市化的快速发展和气候变暖及极端高温事件的加剧,城市热岛效应已成为了21世纪影响人类生存发展的重要环境问题。因此,阐明城市热岛强度时空变化特征,揭示多空间尺度下的形成机制是人文地理学和气候学研究的热点和前沿交叉科学问题。从街道峡谷微观尺度、城市街区局部尺度和城市宏观尺度全面总结和系统梳理了城市空间形态对城市热岛效应的多尺度影响和耦合机制,提出了未来通过定量表征城市热岛强度、城市空间形态的空间格局、时间演化特征及规律,构建空间关系分析模型,进而揭示城市空间形态在不同时空尺度对城市热岛强度的作用机制,为城市规划、宜居城市建设以及气候变化的响应与适应研究提供理论指导。 相似文献
13.
In this article we explore the relationships between urban form and air pollution among 86 U.S. metropolitan areas. Urban form was quantified using preexisting sprawl indexes and spatial metrics applied to remotely sensed land cover data. Air pollution data included the nonpoint source emission of the ozone (O3) precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the concentration of O3, the concentration and nonpoint source emission of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from on-road sources. Metropolitan areas that exhibited higher levels of urban sprawl, or sprawl-like urban morphologies, generally exhibited higher concentrations and emissions of air pollution and CO2 when controlling for population, land area, and climate. 相似文献
14.
Land use and land cover (LULC) change in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta (GBD) poses significant challenges towards future environmental sustainability of the region and requires regional scale monitoring of key bio-physical variables and changes in their inter-relationship over space and time. Focusing on the southern part of the lower GBD region along the international border of India and Bangladesh, this study examined the spatio-temporal variability of LULC change and its relationship with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Furthermore, LULC-LST relationships were compared between Indian and Bangladesh part and its trend in and around big cities (with more than 1 million population) and towns (with more than 100,000 population) was investigated. Results showed that LST changes were predominantly driven by LULC changes on both sides of the border. Urban growth is the dominant form of LULC change, and the rate of land change was faster in 2005–2010 time period than 1989–2005. Over the period of 21 years, mean January LST decreased by approximately 1.83 °C in Indian part and 1.85 °C in the Bangladesh part. Areas that changed from to rural from agricultural experienced decrease in mean LST, whereas those areas that changed to urban from either agriculture or rural, experienced increase in mean LST. The relationship between LULC and LST are same on both sides of the Indo-Bangladesh border. In bigger cities like Kolkata (in India) and Khulna (in Bangladesh), there is a high spatial variability in relationship between LULC and LST compared to large towns. The LULC-LST relationship in large towns in India was influenced by proximity to Kolkata and coastal areas, whereas in Bangladesh no such influence was evident. The results and the data produced in this study are crucial for monitoring LULC changes, for developing spatial decision support system, and thus will be helpful to address the current challenges of land management in the GBD region. Changes in the LULC and LST are important indicators of GBD's environmental health and access its vulnerability and thus the present findings serve as baseline information for future studies seeking to examine the impact of differential policies on the LULC change in the region. 相似文献
15.
由于MODIS 8 d地表温度产品和Landsat热红外波段很难准确反映地表温度的日变化,这导致由此得到的热岛效应结果不够准确,因此利用MODIS日地表温度产品1天4次的数据来分析长时间段上的热岛效应变化和已有将日地表温度转换成月和年地表温度的算法得到月和年地表温度值,以兰州市为实验区分析了2002-2015年兰州市的热岛变化特征,结果表明：兰州市热岛效应总体上处于增长趋势,2002-2009年波动变化,2010-2015年平稳增加。空间上由中部逐年向北部永登县和皋兰县方向扩展;兰州市热岛的月变化特征分为两个部分,1～5月呈“人”字形变化;6～12月整体下降,空间上表现为东北和西南向条带中心紧缩;兰州市热岛季节变化表现为：夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,空间上在兰州的中心位置以及延伸至榆中县的东南角高温区面积增减。研究表明MODIS日地表温度产品能更加准确地评价区域尺度热岛效应的演变特征。 相似文献
16.
长江三角洲城市带扩展对区域温度变化的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Based on non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2003, urban land area statistical data, meteorological data and land surface temperature data retrieved by MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data, the influence of urbanization on regional cli- matic trend of temperature in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a significant urbanization process from 1992 to 2003 in the YRD. Four city clusters of Nanjing–Zhenjiang–Yangzhou, Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay form a zigzag city belt. The increase rate of annual mean air temperature in city-belt is 0.28–0.44℃/10a from 1991 to 2005, which is far larger than that of non-city-belt. 2) The urban heat island (UHI) effect on regional mean air temperature in different seasons is summer>autumn>spring>winter. 3) The UHI intensity and the urban total population logarithm are creditably correlated. 4) The UHI effect made the regional annual mean air temperature increased 0.072℃ from 1961 to 2005, of which 0.047℃ from 1991 to 2005, and the annual maximum air temperature increased 0.162℃, of which 0.083℃ from 1991 to 2005. All these indicating that the urban expansion in the YRD from 1991 to 2005 may be regarded as a serious climate signal. 相似文献
17.
明晰城市热岛（UHI）效应相关概念内涵、厘清其定量刻画方法是有效开展UHI效应研究的重要基础。全球城市化进程使UHI效应越发普遍,相关研究数量迅速增长并出现了UHI效应的多样认知,尤其对具有空间异质性表征优势的地表城市热岛（SUHI）效应开发了多样的定量刻画方法,但目前尚缺乏对其定量刻画方法的系统梳理。因此,本文对城市热岛、城市热岛效应、地表温度和城市热环境等易混淆概念进行了辨析,总结了各类UHI典型空间位置和尺度范围。在SUHI效应定量刻画中,将SUHI范围识别方法归结为城乡温度阈值、温度等级阈值、高斯拟合参数、温度衰减突变四大类,指出当前SUHI范围识别研究侧重于对SUHI影响规模的认知。研究同时对各类范围识别方法所对应的SUHI强度表征指标进行了梳理,认为理解指标本质内涵是掌握指标间潜在差异的前提。未来研究应整合多维度数据以突破单一SUHI监测途径,发展大尺度SUHI定量刻画方法以拓展定量研究的广度,认知连通化SUHI空间形态以挖掘范围识别研究的深度。 相似文献
18.
基于2000 年、2008 年和2015 年landsat5 TM影像和Landsat8 OLI影像,以单窗算法反演地表温度,研究包头市区近15 a 的城市热岛时空分布及演变特征,并对下垫面土地利用/覆盖类型、 NDVI 与城市热岛的关系进行了定量分析。研究结论表明：包头城市热岛15 a 来呈逐步扩展趋势,且主要集中于裸地区、工矿区、商业和人口密集区三类区域,空间演变趋势与城市扩张格局呈现出高度的一致性;城市热岛效应强度增强,但2008-2015 年以来,市中心区高温区面积比重大大降低;下垫面土地利用/覆盖类型是影响城市热岛空间分布的重要因子,地表温度呈现出裸地>工矿用地>建设用地>城市绿地>农用地>水体的规律;地表温度与 NDVI 呈现显著的负相关关系,即植被指数越高,城市的地表温度越低。 相似文献
19.
城市化进程中城市用地结构演变及其驱动机制分析 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
袁丽丽 《地理与地理信息科学》2005,21(3):51-55
该文简介国内外学术界对城市用地空间结构的相关研究,分析城市用地空间结构演变在空间上的两种表现形式,并对城市化进程中促进城市用地空间结构演变的动力主体、驱动力以及城市用地结构演变的驱动机制进行研究。 相似文献
20.
北京城市空间形态对热岛分布影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在城市尺度上探究城市空间形态布局对城市热岛（UHI）影响研究,对于城市规划中通风环境改善、生态宜居城市建设具有重要意义。以北京为例,利用2009—2018年高密度自动气象站逐小时气温资料和2018年NPP/VIIRS夜光卫星资料,分析了UHI时空分布特征;利用2017年1∶2000基础地理信息和Landsat8卫星资料,开展了北京主城区建筑高度（BH）、建筑密度（BD）、建筑高度标准差（BSD）、容积率（FAR）、迎风截面积指数（FAI）、粗糙度长度（RL）、天空开阔度（SVF）、城市分数维（FD）等8个空间形态参数和植被覆盖度（VC）、不透水盖度（IC）、反照率（AB）等3个陆表参数的提取,并在城市尺度上开展了这些参数与UHI之间空间相关性及对UHI变化影响研究。结果显示：2009—2018年北京主城区年均、四季以及夜晚02时UHI均存在一个较为固定的形态,年均、春、夏、秋、冬、白天14时和夜晚02时UHI分别为1.81 ℃、1.50 ℃、1.43 ℃、2.16 ℃、2.17 ℃、0.48 ℃和2.77 ℃;8个空间形态参数在一年中大部分时段与UHI存在明显空间相关性,这种相关性在冬季强于其他季节,在夜晚02时强于白天14时,排名前三的分别为SVF、FAR和BD。空间形态参数已超越陆表参数成为UHI变化的重要驱动因子,11种参数对UHI变化的单独贡献为13.7%~63.7%,其中夏季、冬季和全年时段贡献最大的空间形态参数分别是BD（43.7%）、SVF（63.7%）和SVF（45.4%）,贡献最大的陆表参数分别是VC（42.6%）、AB（57.1%）和VC（45.3%）;夏季、冬季和全年时段多个参数对UHI变化的综合贡献分别为51.4%、69.1%和55.3%,主导要素分别为BD、SVF和BD。 相似文献