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地下水位地震短临预报前兆标志体系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立地下水位地震短临预报前兆标志体系的主要依据是：从以往的震例中总结、统计出的多种异常特征参量与地震三要素之间的定量关系。判定震级的异常标志有：异常分布范围、异常时空转换、异常数量、异常形态异常时间和异常幅度；判定发震时间的异常标志有：异常开始和转折时间、异常数量、异常形态异常时空转换和异常速率；判定发震地点的异常标志有：异常空间分布图象、异常数量 相似文献
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对2003年7月21日大姚6.2级地震前云南地区水氡观测资料进行了系统的处理,在此基础上对大姚地震前云南地区水氡中短临异常分布范围、数量及其与发震时间关系等特征进行了分析,这对未来强震水氡异常的识别和分析有一定的实用价值,特别是对长时间平静后的强震中短期预报有一定的实际意义。 相似文献
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实现地震预测的可能性和地震预测技术的探索方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建议采用地震预测和地震预报两种含义不同的术语。严格的地震预测必须包括地点、时间、震级3个参数。用实例分析了在现代科学技术条件下预测这3个参数的可能性，认为总体上以一定准确度预测发震地点相对容易些，实现对发震时间和震级的准确预测的可能性较小，除有前震外，多数情况下对大地震作出完整的、精确的短、临预测还较困难。应对准震源和地壳内部过程，以发展观测技术和积累数据为重心，继续坚持地震预测技术的探索。 相似文献
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应广大读者要求 ,我们定期公布全球 7级以上大地震和中国 4级以上中强地震目录。地震参数取自中国地震局分析预报中心的《中国地震速报台网观测报告》和《中国地震月报目录》。其中 :发震时间为北京时 ( BJT) ;震中位置除给出经纬度外还给出了参考地区名 ,以供查阅时参考 ;震源深度 33N表示该地震为通常意义上的浅源地震 ;震级 MS为面波震级 ,ML 为近震震级 ,MW为矩震级 (取自美国 PDE报告 )。表 1 世界地震目录 (2 0 0 0年 1 0～ 1 2月 ,M≥ 7.0 )编号 发震时间 月 -日 -时 :分 :秒 震中位置 φ/ (°) λ/ (°) 深度/ km… 相似文献
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本文应用国家地震局攻关研究成果之一——积分综合预报法,对四川省1989年9月22日10时25分小金6.6级地震(31.5°N,102.6°E)进行检验,检验中将小金地震前兆异常按震前认识及震后总结两种情况处理,结果表明该方法对小金地震震后总结资料检验效果颇佳,地震三要素均报准,尤其在对发震时间判定方面具有独到之处;检验震前认识的资料,仅震级一项报准。通过上述工作,使我们找出了该方法的长处及其应用中存在的问题,就目前地震预报水平而言,积分综合预报法不失为短临预报的有效方法之一,具有应用推广意义。 相似文献
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对国内外45 例地震预测预报震例的相关资料与文献进行查证与整理,总结、分析了震例中采用的中长期预测方法、短临前兆异常以及预报结果。研究表明,对地震发生的时间、地点和震级三要素均明确预测的概率较低,且仅为三要素的粗略预测,准确预测地震目前尚难做到。中国在地震预测过程中更注重对短临前兆异常的观测,在震前小震活动异常、地下水化学组分、地下水状态、地磁、地电、地倾斜、地应力应变、电磁波异常、前震平静等前兆预测方法中,根据震前小震活动异常作出临震预测的成功率较高,可作为预测某些类型大震的重要参考指标之一;国外震例大多是对地震进行中长期预测,在中长期预测结果的基础上采取以“防”为主的防震减灾策略,长期预测的理论和方法比中国丰富。 相似文献
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地下水位短临异常演化特征及其与地震关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文对1976年唐山地震以来华北地区Ms≥5．0地震前的地下水位异常资料进行了系统整理，分析研究了水位短临前兆异常的时空演化特征及其与地震的关系。结果表明：震前水位短临异常的空间分布主要集中在一定范围并沿活动断裂带展布，且不均匀；大部分地震的水位短期异常较临震异常多；震前水位短期异常向临震异常过度时，分布区向震源区收缩，但在震中距100km左右以内这种现象不明显；震级与短临异常展布范围、短期异常幅度有一定关系，而与临震时期异常大小的关系不明显；地震发震时间与异常的超前、持续以及等待时间有关；地震发生地点与异常分布特征有关，震中往往不在短临异常集中区的几何中心，而是在异常范围内的某一侧或异常迁移方向附近。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献
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Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC. 相似文献