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1.
How lithospheric subduction changes along the Calabrian Arc in southern Italy: geophysical evidences
G. Neri A. M. Marotta B. Orecchio D. Presti C. Totaro R. Barzaghi A. Borghi 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2012,101(7):1949-1969
Recent tomographic investigations performed down to ~300?km depth in the Calabrian Arc region gave insight in favor of the hypothesis that the Ionian subducting slab is continuous in depth beneath the central part of the Arc, while detachment of the deep portion of the subducting structure may have already taken place beneath the edges of the Arc itself. In the present study, we perform new geophysical analyses to further explore the structure of the subduction system and the structure and kinematics of the crustal units in the study area for a more comprehensive view of the local geodynamic scenario. Local earthquake tomography that we address to the exploration of the upper 40?km in the whole region of southern Italy furnishes P-wave velocity domains, suggesting southeast-ward long-term drifting of the southern Tyrrhenian unit with an advancement front matching well with the segment of Calabrian Arc where the subducting slab was found continuous and trench retreat can be presumed to have been active in the most recent times. This scenario of retreating subduction trench inducing drifting of the lithospheric unit overriding the subducting slab is further supported by the analysis of gravity anomalies, allowing us to better constrain the transitional zones between different subduction modes (continuous vs. detached slab) along the Arc. Also, the relocation of recent crustal seismicity, associated with geostructural data taken from the literature, provides evidence for NW-trending seismogenic structures in northeastern Sicily and northern Calabria that we interpret as Subduction-Transform Edge Propagator (STEP) faults guiding the southeast-ward drifting process of the southern Tyrrhenian unit. Crustal earthquake relocations show also seismolineaments in southern Calabria corresponding to the NE-trending longitudinal structures of the Arc where the great shallow earthquakes of 28 December 1908, and 5 and 7 February 1783 occurred. Seismicity and the extensional stress regime detected in these structures find also reasonable location in the proposed scenario, being interpretable in terms of shallow response of the central segment of the Arc to slab rollback and trench retreat. 相似文献
2.
Analysis of teleseismic records obtained in two broadband seismic stations of three components located on the Andean region of Colombia is presented in this work. The two stations are located at the Western Cordillera (WC), station BOL, and at the Central Cordillera (CC), station PBLA. The analysis of seismograms was performed by inversion of the receiver functions (RF) in order to obtain the crustal velocity structure beneath the receivers. The receiver function is a spectral ratio obtained from teleseismic earthquakes recorded by broadband seismic stations, which allows the calculation of the velocity structure beneath the receiver by removing source effects in the horizontal components of the seismic traces. Data stacking was performed in order to improve signal to noise ratio and then the data was inverted by using two optimization algorithms: a genetic algorithm (GA), and a simulated annealing algorithm (SA). The present work calculates the receiver functions using teleseismic earthquakes at epicentral distances (Δ) ranging between 30° and 90° and recorded at the two stations within the years 2007 and 2009.Delay times between P and PS waves converted at the Moho boundary were used to constrain the velocity structure. The receiver functions at the stations were generated from seismic events within a broad range of back azimuth. Data from gravity and magnetism were also used during the geophysical survey. The depth of the Moho boundary was found to be at 40 km in the WC beneath station BOL and at 43 km in the CC beneath station PBLA. The upper crust, with a thickness of 5 km, is characterized by a shear wave velocity of about 3.0 km s−1; the shallower layers, at approximately 1.0 km, have shear wave velocities between 2.2 and 2.6 km s−1, which corresponds to sediments overlying the upper crust. These observations support the hypothesis of a thickness of the crust at the root of the mountain range to be between 32 and 50 km. The calculated receiver functions were compared with artificial ones generated from the inversion of 48000 models of horizontal layers for each station using a GA and an SA that allowed a satisfactory coverage of all the sample space in order to avoid non-unique solutions. Beneath station BOL a moderate low-velocity zone (LVZ) was found, which was caused by accretionary processes of the ophiolite complex in the WC. 相似文献
3.
We investigated the seismic shear-wave velocity structure of the crust beneath nine broadband seismological stations of the Shillong–Mikir plateau and its adjoining region using teleseismic P-wave receiver function analysis. The inverted shear wave velocity models show ∼34–38 km thick crust beneath the Shillong Plateau which increases to ∼37–38 km beneath the Brahmaputra valley and ∼46–48 km beneath the Himalayan foredeep region. The gradual increase of crustal thickness from the Shillong Plateau to Himalayan foredeep region is consistent with the underthrusting of Indian Plate beyond the surface collision boundary. A strong azimuthal variation is observed beneath SHL station. The modeling of receiver functions of teleseismic earthquakes arriving the SHL station from NE backazimuth (BAZ) shows a high velocity zone within depth range 2–8 km along with a low velocity zone within ∼8–13 km. In contrast, inversion of receiver functions from SE BAZ shows high velocity zone in the upper crust within depth range ∼10–18 km and low velocity zone within ∼18–36 km. The critical examination of ray piercing points at the depth of Moho shows that the rays from SE BAZ pierce mostly the southeast part of the plateau near Dauki fault zone. This observation suggests the effect of underthrusting Bengal sediments and the underlying oceanic crust in the south of the plateau facilitated by the EW-NE striking Dauki fault dipping 300 toward northwest. 相似文献
4.
扬子与华北板块在三叠纪的俯冲碰撞形成了著名的苏鲁超高压造山带,其板块碰撞接触关系一直是热点问题.利用国家台网中心64个省台记录的1 079个近震事件的10 922个P波到时和251个远震事件的11 931个P波到时数据,采用远近震联合反演的层析成像方法对苏鲁地区进行了地壳上地幔速度结构反演.结果显示,研究区内两个低速异常区分别对应山东半岛西部的华北板块地幔上隆区和壳幔相互作用强烈的长江中下游成矿带地区.在地幔300 km深度之下出现的高速异常体可能代表了早中生代扬子与华北板块碰撞之前俯冲拆沉的古特提斯洋板块.传统观点的扬子板块岩石圈向北俯冲不明显,华北板块表现为向东南俯冲的高速特征.华北板块俯冲以苏鲁造山带中部的北纬35°为界,分为南北两种俯冲样式.北部俯冲不明显,华北板块停滞在郯庐断裂带以西;南部则表现华北板块向东南陡倾俯冲到苏鲁造山带之下. 相似文献
5.
We estimated the crustal thickness and velocity structure beneath the five stations comprising the Republic of Singapore’s seismic network. Our data set was composed of 697 teleseismic receiver functions and 7 months of broad-band data that was cross-correlated to produce inter-station Green’s functions. Surface wave group velocities were extracted from the Green’s functions to obtain dispersion data for a path from central Sumatra to Singapore in order to provide a complimentary data set to the receiver functions. Crustal thickness was estimated via an H − k stacking technique, and high-resolution 1D P-wave velocity profiles were generated beneath each station by jointly inverting receiver function stacks and the group velocity data using a linearised time-domain inversion scheme. Crustal thickness beneath four stations was found to be between 28.0 km and 32.0 km, while one station in the northeast of Singapore indicates 24.0 km thick crust. This implies a significant crustal thinning beneath Singapore over the lateral extent of 50.0 km. Inversion results exhibit several crustal features that are observable in the derived models at all five stations, indicating that they exist across Singapore as a whole. There appears to be an upper-crustal high-velocity zone beneath Singapore, underlain by a velocity inversion. Station NTU shows slower near-surface velocities than the other stations, consistent with its situation above the sedimentary Jurong formation. These results expand the available global velocity data set, as well as being useful for assessing the seismic hazard in Singapore. 相似文献
6.
利用天然地震震相探讨阿尔金地区地壳结构 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文利用阿尔金地区的宽频地震数据,对布设在该区的１０个宽频地震台站用接收函数方法进行了速度结构反演,反演的初步结果发现,若至花土沟剖面在２０ｋｍ深度处有一条厚度达５～１０ｋｍ的低速带断续出现,莫霍界面呈台阶状展布,北部浅,南部深;塔里木盆地南缘的地壳厚度为４０～４２ｋｍ左右;在阿尔金南,北缘断裂两侧台站下方莫霍深度的错断约６．５～８ｋｍ,在柴达木盆地北缘,莫霍面的深度达５０ｋｍ以上,Ｓ波速为４．５ 相似文献
7.
The three-dimensional shear velocity lithospheric structure at depths from 0 to 70 km beneath the southern Baikal rift system and its surroundings has been imaged by inversion of P-to-SV receiver functions from 46 digital stations operated in two teleseismic international projects in southern Siberia and Mongolia. The receiver functions were determined from teleseismic P waveforms and inverted to obtain depth dependences of S velocities at each station which were related to tectonic structures. The computed vertical and horizontal sections of the 3D shear velocity model imaged a transition from relatively thin crust of the southern Siberian craton to thicker crust in the folded area south and southeast of Lake Baikal, with a local zone of thin crust right underneath the South Baikal basin. The velocity structure beneath the Baikal rift, the mountains of Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and the southern craton margin includes several low-velocity zones at different depths in the crust. Some of these zones may record seismic anisotropy associated with mylonite alignment along large thrusts. 相似文献
8.
Based upon the deep seismic sounding profiles carried out in the Tengchong Volcano-Geothermal Area (TVGA), western Yunnan Province of China, a 2-D crustal P velocity structure is obtained by use of finite-difference inversion and forward travel-time fitting method. The crustal model shows that a low-velocity anomaly zone exists in the upper crust, which is related to geothermal activity. Two faults, the Longling–Ruili Fault and Tengchong Fault, on the profile extend from surface to the lower crust and the Tengchong Fault likely penetrates the Moho. Moreover, based on teleseismic receiver functions on a temporary seismic network, S-wave velocity structures beneath the geothermal field show low S-wave velocity in the upper crust. From results of geophysical survey, the crust of TVGA is characterized by low P-wave and S-wave velocities, low resistivity, high heat-flow value and low Q. The upper mantle P-wave velocity is also low. This suggests presence of magma in the crust derived from the upper mantle. The low-velocity anomaly in upper crust may be related to the magma differentiation. The Tengchong volcanic area is located on the northeast edge of the Indian–Eurasian plate collision zone, away from the eastern boundary of the Indian plate by about 450 km. Based on the results of this paper and related studies, the Tengchong volcanoes can be classified as plate boundary volcanoes. 相似文献
9.
中法合作布设的青藏高原西昆仑叶城-噶尔(狮泉河)天然地震探测剖面穿越了西昆仑构造的主要构造单元, 通过对36个台站128个远震P波事件的接收函数分析,取得了各台站的接收函数随方位角和震中距变化的趋势, 分析了变化趋势与地壳构造的关系。通过台站平均接收函数的反演拟合,取得了120km深度范围以上的横波速度分布,综合地质构造解释,发现康西瓦断裂地表倾斜渐变为直立并略向南拖曳的现象,塔里木前陆盆地沉积与逆冲构造有比较明显的显示,同时推测了盆地下的滑脱构造。班公湖-怒江断裂也有向北俯冲的显示,得出了印藏碰撞远距离效应在西昆仑受阻,应力通过地表次级断裂释放,同时形成盆地沉积的前陆构造模式。 相似文献
10.
Prantik Mandal 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(1):150-161
A high-resolution passive seismic experiment in the Kachchh rift zone of the western India has produced an excellent dataset of several thousands teleseismic events. From this network, 500 good teleseismic events recorded at 14 mobile broadband sites are used to estimate receiver functions (for the 30–310° back-azimuth ranges), which show a positive phase at 4.5–6.1 s delay time and a strong negative phase at 8.0–11.0 s. These phases have been modeled by a velocity increase at Moho (i.e. 34–43 km) and a velocity decrease at 62–92 km depth. The estimation of crustal and lithospheric thicknesses using the inversion of stacked radial receiver functions led to the delineation of a marked thinning of 3–7 km in crustal thickness and 6–14 km in lithospheric thickness beneath the central rift zone relative to the surrounding un-rifted parts of the Kachchh rift zone. On an average, the Kachchh region is characterized by a thin lithosphere of 75.9 ± 5.9 km. The marked velocity decrease associated with the lithosphere–asthenoshere boundary (LAB), observed over an area of 120 km × 80 km, and the isotropic study of xenoliths from Kachchh provides evidence for local asthenospheric updoming with pockets of partial melts of CO2 rich lherzolite beneath the Kachchh seismic zone that might have caused by rifting episode (at 88 Ma) and the associated Deccan thermal-plume interaction (at 65 Ma) episodes. Thus, the coincidence of the area of the major aftershock activity and the Moho as well as asthenospheric upwarping beneath the central Kachchh rift zone suggests that these pockets of CO2-rich lherzolite partial melts could perhaps provide a high input of volatiles containing CO2 into the lower crust, which might contribute significantly in the seismo-genesis of continued aftershock activity in the region. It is also inferred that large stresses in the denser and stronger lower crust (at 14–34 km depths) induced by ongoing Banni upliftment, crustal intrusive, marked lateral variation in crustal thickness and related sub-crustal thermal anomaly play a key role in nucleating the lower crustal earthquakes beneath the Kachchh seismic zone. 相似文献
11.
长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳结构——MASH成矿过程的P波接收函数成像证据？ 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用长江中下游成矿带多学科深部探测剖面于2009年11月至2011年3月间采集的天然地震数据,通过天然地震接收函数成像等分析研究,得到了研究区地壳和上地幔结构的清晰图像。接收函数成像结果显示研究区内Moho面深度存在着明显的起伏变化,在长江中下游成矿带(指剖面穿过的长江中下游成矿带宁芜矿集区,下同)下方存在着"幔隆构造"。在剖面东南端(即扬子克拉通北缘),Moho面相对稳定,深度约为30km;在茅山和江南断裂附近,Moho面存在上下起伏现象;在剖面中部或宁芜矿集区下方,Moho面存在明显隆起,深度只有28km;在郯庐断裂带下方,Moho面明显加深,深度达到36km;进一步向北到华北地台南缘,Moho面深度逐渐恢复到了32km左右的平均深度水平。其次,我们在接收函数成像结果中发现,长江中下游成矿带与其周边下地壳结构存在着明显的差异,成矿带的下地壳具有显著的地震波方位各向异性。扬子克拉通北缘的下地壳呈高速的近水平状结构,地震波各向异性特征不明显;与此相比,长江中下游成矿带的下地壳虽然也呈近水平状结构特征,但是,对于沿成矿带走向方向传播的地震波,其下地壳具有高速特征,而对于垂直于成矿带走向方向上传播的地震波,其下地壳却又表现为低速特征,这意味着成矿带的下地壳存在着平行于成矿带走向(即近北东—南西)方向的地震波各向异性,我们解释其是下地壳熔融并沿成矿带走向水平流动导致矿物晶体定向排列的结果。最后,在郯庐断裂以西的华北地台南缘观测到一条从上地壳延伸到中下地壳的南南东向倾斜的转换震相,我们推测它可能是合肥盆地内地壳伸展构造的反映。此外,我们发现接收函数成像结果中观测到的"幔隆构造"与远震P波层析成像结果在成矿带下方150km深度上显示的上地幔低速异常(江国明等,另文发表)存在着良好的对应关系,我们解释它们是软流圈物质上涌的遗迹。综合天然地震接收函数成像、远震P波层析成像和前人关于岩浆岩等方面的研究成果,我们认为长江中下游成矿带现今的下地壳可能是中生代发生成矿作用的多级岩浆房系统的一部分,成矿带的形成可能是类似MASH过程的产物。首先,软流圈物质上涌导致了长江中下游成矿带及其周边拉张环境的形成,在其上部地壳中形成了一系列伸展构造;然后,软流圈物质通过底侵进入长江中下游成矿带的原下地壳并与原下地壳物质发生同化作用,形成类埃达克质岩浆;接着,类埃达克质岩浆沿着伸展、拆离构造上升到地壳浅部形成不同层次的岩浆房和侵入岩体,并与围岩作用形成矿床。 相似文献
12.
Jonathan R. Gourley Timothy Byrne Yu-Chang Chan Francis Wu Ruey-Juin Rau 《Tectonophysics》2007,445(3-4):168-185
Data sets of collapsed earthquake locations, earthquake focal mechanisms, GPS velocities and geologic data are integrated to constrain the geometry and kinematics of a crustal block within the accreted continental margin rocks of Taiwan's northeastern Central Range. This block is laterally extruding and exhuming towards the north-northeast. The block is bound on the west-southwest by the previously recognized Sanyi–Puli seismic zone and on the east by a vertical seismic structure that projects to the eastern mountain front of the Central Range. Focal mechanisms from the Broadband Array of Taiwan Seismicity (BATS) catalog consistently show west-side-up reverse displacements for this fault zone. A second vertical structure is recognized beneath the Slate Belt–Metamorphic Belt boundary as a post-Chi-Chi relaxation oblique normal fault. BATS focal mechanisms show east-side-up, normal displacements with a minor left-lateral component. The vertical and lateral extrusion of this crustal block may be driven by the current collision between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Puli basement high indenter on the Eurasian Plate and/or trench rollback along the Ryukyu subduction zone. In addition, the vertical extent of the two shear zones suggests that a basal décollement below the eastern Central Range is deeper than previously proposed and may extend below the brittle–ductile transition. 相似文献
13.
S. S. Rai D. Srinagesh P. V. S. S. Rajagopala Sarma 《Journal of Earth System Science》1996,105(4):441-450
Earthquake hypocenters and travel time residuals have been analysed to constrain the geometry and physical state of the subducted
Indian plate in the Indo-Burmese convergence zone. A critical analysis of earthquake hypocenters reveals the existence of
a non-uniform Benioff zone, progressively shortening from north to south. The deepest level of seismicity is observed beneath
the Naga hills (160 km) followed by that under the Chin hills (120 km) and Arakan-Yoma ranges (80 km). The region seems to
be devoid of moderate sized shallow (< 40 km) earthquakes. Differential travel time residuals from pairs of shallow and intermediate
depth earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances show significantly faster travel time (up to l.2s) in the north-northeast
and south-southwest azimuths, whilst slower arrivals (1.2 to 1.5 s) are recorded in the transverse direction. This observation
points to the presence of a high velocity slab possibly linked to the subduction of the Indian oceanic lithosphere. 相似文献
14.
长江中下游成矿带岩石圈结构与成矿动力学模型——深部探测(SinoProbe)综述 总被引：23，自引：10，他引：13
岩石圈结构和深部过程对理解成矿带和大型矿集区的形成十分重要。岩石圈尺度的地球动力学过程将在地壳中留下各种结构的或物质的"痕迹",这些"痕迹"可以通过地球物理的手段去探测。为深入理解长江中下游成矿带形成的深部动力学过程,作者在国家深部探测专项(SinoProbe)和国家自然科学基金重点项目支持下,在长江中下游成矿带开展了综合地球物理探测。方法包括宽频地震、深地震反射、广角反射/折射和大地电磁测深。数据处理和反演结果取得一系列新发现:(1)成矿带上地幔顶部存在低速体,在中心深度300km处有一向SW倾斜的高速体;(2)S波接收函数证实成矿带岩石圈较薄,只有50~70km;横波分裂结果显示,成矿带上地幔各向异性方向和强度与邻区有较大区别,显示平行成矿带(NE-SW向)的上地幔变形和流动;(3)深反射地震揭示成矿带上地壳曾发生强烈挤压变形,以紧闭褶皱、逆冲和推覆为特征;在宁芜火山岩盆地、长江断裂带和郯庐断裂之下出现"鳄鱼嘴"构造,指示上下地壳在挤压变形过程中解耦;深反射地震证实发生过陆内俯冲和叠瓦,并认为是岩石圈增厚和拆沉的主导机制;(4)广角反射和大地电磁反演给出了跨成矿带地壳剖面的速度和电性结构,速度和电阻率分布总体上与构造单元相吻合。本文分析和解释了这些发现的地质意义,并结合近年在长江中下游地区的地球化学研究进展,提出了成矿带地球动力学模型。该模型认为:中、晚侏罗世陆内俯冲、岩石圈拆沉、幔源岩浆底侵和MASH过程造就了长江中下游世界级成矿带的形成。 相似文献
15.
Imag(in)ing the continental lithosphere 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper is primarily concerned with seismically imaging details in the mantle at an intermediate scale length between the large scales of regional and global tomography and the small scales of reflection profiles and outcrops. This range is roughly 0.1–1 km < a < 10–102 km, where a is the scale. We consider the implications of several models for mantle evolution in a convecting mantle, and possible scales present in the non-convecting tectosphere. Reflection seismic evidence shows that the structures preserved from continental accretion within and at the margins of the Archean cratons are subduction related, and we use subduction as an analog for scales left by past events. In modern orogenic belts we expect to find subduction structures, small scale upper mantle convection structures, and basalt extraction structures. We examine some of the scales that are likely formed by orogenic processes.We also examine the seismic velocity and density contrasts expected between various upper mantle constituents, including fertile upper mantle, depleted upper mantle, normal and eclogitized oceanic crust, and fertile mantle with and without partial melt. This leads directly to predicting the size of seismic signals that can be produced by specular conversion, and scattering from layers and objects with these contrasts.We introduce an imaging scheme that makes use of scattered waves in teleseismic receiver functions to make a depth migrated image of a pseudo-scattering coefficient. Image resolution is theoretically at least an order of magnitude better than traveltime tomography. We apply the imaging scheme to three data sets from 1) the Kaapvaal craton, 2) the Cheyenne Belt, a Paleoproterozoic suture between a protocontinent and an island arc, and 3) the Jemez Lineament, a series of aligned modern volcanic structures at the site of a Proterozoic suture zone. The Kaapvaal image, although not defining a unique base of the tectosphere, shows complicated “layered” events in the region defined as the base of the tectosphere in tomography images. The image of the transition zone discontinuities beneath the Kaapvaal craton is remarkable for clarity. The migrated receiver function image of the upper mantle beneath the Cheyenne belt is complicated, more so than the tomography image, and may indicate limitations in the receiver function imaging system. In contrast the Jemez Lineament image shows large-amplitude negative-polarity layered events beneath the Moho to depths of 120 km, that we interpret as melt-containing sills in the upper mantle. These sills presumably feed the Quaternary–Neogene regional basaltic volcanic field. 相似文献
16.
Seiichi Miura Narumi Takahashi Ayako Nakanishi Tetsuro Tsuru Shuichi Kodaira Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Tectonophysics》2005,407(3-4):165-188
The Japan Trench subduction zone, located east of NE Japan, has regional variation in seismicity. Many large earthquakes occurred in the northern part of Japan Trench, but few in the southern part. Off Miyagi region is in the middle of the Japan Trench, where the large earthquakes (M > 7) with thrust mechanisms have occurred at an interval of about 40 years in two parts: inner trench slope and near land. A seismic experiment using 36 ocean bottom seismographs (OBS) and a 12,000 cu. in. airgun array was conducted to determine a detailed, 2D velocity structure in the forearc region off Miyagi. The depth to the Moho is 21 km, at 115 km from the trench axis, and becomes progressively deeper landward. The P-wave velocity of the mantle wedge is 7.9–8.1 km/s, which is typical velocity for uppermost mantle without large serpentinization. The dip angle of oceanic crust is increased from 5–6° near the trench axis to 23° 150 km landward from the trench axis. The P-wave velocity of the oceanic uppermost mantle is as small as 7.7 km/s. This low-velocity oceanic mantle seems to be caused by not a lateral anisotropy but some subduction process. By comparison with the seismicity off Miyagi, the subduction zone can be divided into four parts: 1) Seaward of the trench axis, the seismicity is low and normal fault-type earthquakes occur associated with the destruction of oceanic lithosphere. 2) Beneath the deformed zone landward of the trench axis, the plate boundary is characterized as a stable sliding fault plain. In case of earthquakes, this zone may be tsunamigenic. 3) Below forearc crust where P-wave velocity is almost 6 km/s and larger: this zone is the seismogenic zone below inner trench slope, which is a plate boundary between the forearc and oceanic crusts. 4) Below mantle wedge: the rupture zones of thrust large earthquakes near land (e.g. 1978 off Miyagi earthquake) are located beneath the mantle wedge. The depth of the rupture zones is 30–50 km below sea level. From the comparison, the rupture zones of large earthquakes off Miyagi are limited in two parts: plate boundary between the forearc and oceanic crusts and below mantle wedge. This limitation is a rare case for subduction zone. Although the seismogenic process beneath the mantle wedge is not fully clarified, our observation suggests the two possibilities: earthquake generation at the plate boundary overridden by the mantle wedge without serpentinization or that in the subducting slab. 相似文献
17.
The Madurai Block in southern India is considered to represent the eroded roots of an arc-accretionary complex that developed during the subduction–collision tectonics associated with the closure of the Mozambique Ocean and final suturing of the crustal fragments within the Gondwana supercontinent in the Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian. Here we present a magnetotelluric (MT) model covering the main collisional suture (Palghat–Cauvery Suture Zone) in the north into the central part of the Madurai Block in the south comprising data from 11 stations. Together with a synthesis of the available seismic reflection data along a N–S transect further south within the Madurai Block, we evaluate the crustal architecture and its implications on the tectonic development of this region. According to our model, the predominantly south dipping seismic reflectors beneath the Madurai Block define a prominent south-dipping lithological layering with northward vergence resembling a thrust sequence. We interpret these stacked layers as imbricate structures or mega duplexes developed during subduction–accretion tectonics. The layered nature and stacking of contrasting velocity domains as imaged from the seismic profile, and the presence of thick (>20 km) low resistivity layers ‘floating’ within high resistivity domains as seen from MT model, suggest the subduction of a moderately thick oceanic crust. We identify several low resistivity domains beneath the Madurai Block from the MT model which probably represent eclogitised remnants of oceanic lithosphere. Their metamorphosed and exhumed equivalents in association with ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic orogens have been identified from surface geological studies. Both seismic reflections and MT model confirm a southward subduction polarity with a progressive accretion history during the northward migration of the trench prior to the final collisional assembly of the crustal blocks along the Palghat–Cauvery Suture Zone, the trace of the Gondwana suture in southern India. 相似文献
18.
The North–South Tectonic Zone (NSTZ) running across the Chinese continent is an important earthquake-prone zone. Around one third of the strong earthquakes (> 7.0) of China in the past occurred in this region. Receiver function study has imaged vertical convection in the mantle beneath the northern part of the NSTZ (NNSTZ), which might be related to stress accumulation and release as well as related earthquakes. Here we perform a P-wave teleseismic tomographic analysis of this region. Our results reveal prominent low-velocity and high-velocity perturbations in the upper mantle beneath this region, which we correlate with mantle upwelling, possibly resulting from lower crustal and (or) lithospheric delamination. Our results also reveal significant contrast in the velocity perturbation of the lithosphere along the two sides of this tectonic zone, suggesting possible material exchange between the eastern and western domains and lithosphere-scale control on the generation of earthquakes. 相似文献
19.
There is an ongoing debate about the tectonic evolution of southeast Australia, particularly about the causes and nature of its accretion to a much older Precambrian core to the west. Seismic imaging of the crust can provide useful clues to address this issue. Seismic tomography imaging is a powerful tool often employed to map elastic properties of the Earth's lithosphere, but in most cases does not constrain well the depth of discontinuities such as the Mohorovi?i? (Moho). In this study, an alternative imaging technique known as receiver function (RF) has been employed for seismic stations near Canberra in the Lachlan Orogen to investigate: (i) the shear-wave-velocity profile in the crust and uppermost mantle, (ii) variations in the Moho depth beneath the Lachlan Orogen, and (iii) the nature of the transition between the crust and mantle. A number of styles of RF analyses were conducted: H-K stacking to obtain the best compressional–shear velocity (V P /V S) ratio and crustal thickness; nonlinear inversion for the shear-wave-velocity structure and inversion of the observed variations in RFs with back-azimuth to investigate potential dipping of the crustal layers and anisotropy. The thick crust (up to 48 km) and the mostly intermediate nature of the crust?mantle transition in the Lachlan Orogen could be due to the presence of underplating at the base of the crust, and possibly to the existing thick piles of Ordovician mafic rocks present in the mid and lower crust. Results from numerical modelling of RFs at three seismic stations (CAN, CNB and YNG) suggest that the observed variations with back-azimuth could be related to a complex structure beneath these stations with the likelihood of both a dipping Moho and crustal anisotropy. Our analysis reveals crustal thickening to the west beneath CAN station which could be due to slab convergence. The crustal thickening may also be related to the broad Macquarie volcanic arc, which is rooted to the Moho. The crustal anisotropy may arise from a strong N–S structural trend in the eastern Lachlan Orogen and to the preferred crystallographic orientation of seismically anisotropic minerals in the lower and middle crust related to the paleo-Pacific plate convergence. 相似文献
20.
This article reviews the electrical conductivity structures of the oceanic upper mantle, subduction zones, and the mantle transition zone beneath the northwestern Pacific, the Japanese Islands, and continental East Asia, which have particularly large potential of water circulation in the global upper mantle. The oceanic upper mantle consists of an electrically resistive lid and a conductive layer underlying the lid. The depth of the top of the conductive layer is related to lithospheric cooling in the older mantle, whereas it is attributable to the difference in water distribution beneath the vicinity of the seafloor spreading-axis. The location of a lower crustal conductor in a subduction zone changes according to the subduction type. The difference can be explained by the characteristic dehydration from the subducting slab in each subduction zone and by advection from the backarc spreading. The latest one-dimensional electrical conductivity model of the mantle transition zone beneath the Pacific Ocean predicts values of 0.1–1.0 S/m. These values support a considerably dry oceanic mantle transition zone. However, one-dimensional electrical profiles may not be representative of the mantle transition zone there, since there exists a three-dimensional structure caused by the stagnant slab. Three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling should be made in future studies. 相似文献