共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
《贵州气象》2016,(6)
该文选取重庆市典型污染天气个例,利用WRF模式开展大气边界层数值模拟,分析了边界层高度(PBLH)和风场对PM_(10)浓度的影响。结果表明:夜间由于大气边界层比较稳定,PBLH对PM_(10)浓度的影响不大;白天,在有雾或阴天背景下,PBLH升高后2~3 h PM_(10)浓度才明显下降,而在晴天PBLH升高后1~2 h PM_(10)浓度就会明显下降;边界层风场的变化会直接影响PM_(10)浓度的变化,夜间重庆主城区主要受下沉气流影响,污染物向上的垂直扩散弱;当上午出现下沉气流时,PM_(10)向上的垂直扩散弱,PM_(10)浓度增加速度快;相反当出现上升气流时,PM_(10)向上的垂直扩散作用强,PM_(10)浓度增加速度慢,尤其是在高空风速大时,强烈的抽吸作用使大气垂直扩散能力得到显著增强,能较好地抑制地表PM_(10)浓度的增长趋势;下午由于太阳辐射强,边界层湍流强度增加,大气边界层垂直扩散能力强,因而PM_(10)浓度呈现明显下降趋势。 相似文献
2.
本文使用位于粗糙和不均匀地形上北京320米气象塔夜间边界层风速、风向和温度资料,用行星边界层u分量第一个极值高度作为行星边界层高度尺度,用边界层内的平均风速和平均位温作为速度和位温特征尺度,分析得到在稳定条件下相似性函数A_m、B_m和C_m以及行星边界层高度的参数化表达式。 分析表明,可以将广义相似性理论推广到粗糙而不均匀地形上的大气边界层中。 相似文献
3.
大气边界层物理与大气环境过程研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
总结了近5年来中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室(LAPC)在第二代超声风速温度仪研制、城市边界层研究、复杂地形大气边界层探测与数值模拟、湍流机理研究、大气污染模式发展与应用等领域的主要进展,其中,第二代超声风速温度仪的野外对比测试结果表明其主要性能完全达到了国际先进水平;北京城市化发展使得北京325 m气象塔周边近地面流场已经具备了典型城市粗糙下垫面的流场特征,近地面夏季平均风速呈现非常明显的逐年递减趋势;北京沙尘暴大风时期湍流运动主要是小尺度湍涡运动,而大风的概率分布偏离高斯分布,风速较大的一侧概率分布呈指数迅速衰减,大风中风速很大的部分具有分形特征;珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区两次综合强化探测实验是迄今为止在青藏高原大型山地中实施的针对山地环流和物质／能量交换最为全面和连续的大气过程探测实验;白洋淀地区的观测研究表明,非均匀边界层具有一般边界层不具备的特点,无论是边界层结构还是湍流输送方面,水、陆边界层之间存在一定的差异,凸显其地表非均匀性的作用;为了解决不同尺度、不同类型的大气污染问题和实际应用,研制或发展完善了多套大气污染模式系统,包括全球大气化学模式、区域大气污染数值模式、城市大气污染数值模式和微小尺度(如街区尺度)范围内污染物输送扩散模式。 相似文献
4.
西北干旱区夏季大气边界层结构及其陆面过程特征 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
在中国西北干旱区影响大气边界层形成和发展的气候环境和大气环流背景都具有一定特殊性.文中用外场观测试验资料,分析了位于西北干旱区的敦煌荒漠夏季大气边界层气象要素结构特征,发现该地区无论白天的对流边界层还是夜间的稳定边界层均比一般地区更深厚.在夏季晴天,夜间稳定边界层厚度超过900 m,最厚可以达到1750 m,其上的残余层一般能达到4000 m左右的高度;白天混合层最高达3700 m,混合层顶的逆温层顶盖的厚度大约450 m,甚至更厚,对流边界层厚度能够超过4000 m,对流边界层进入残余层后发展十分迅速.研究表明,白天深厚的对流边界层是夜间保持清晰而深厚的残余混合层的先决条件,夜间深厚的残余混合层又为白天对流边界层的发展提供了一个非常有利的热力环境条件.该地区经常性出现连续性晴天使得大气残余层的累积效应得以较长时间持续发展,创造了比较有利于大气对流边界层发展的大气热力环境条件.同时,该地区陆面过程和近地层大气运动特征也为这种独特的大气热力边界层结构提供了较好的支持.就该地区发展超厚大气对流边界层的物理机理而言,地表显著增温是强有力的外部热力强迫条件,近地层强感热通量提供了较充足的能量条件,较大的对流运动和湍流运动的速度是必要的运动学条件,大气残余层的累积效应提供了有利的热力环境条件. 相似文献
5.
采用MODIS资料和美国发展的MODIS大气温、湿度廓线统计反演算法,估算大气温度、湿度廓线作为初始场,应用101层快速透过率模式(PFAAST)估算了大气透过率,并采用Newton非线性迭代算法反演中国西北荒漠戈壁地区大气温度廓线。结果表明:该方法对边界层高度及以上部分的大气温度反演得比较好,误差基本都在2 K范围内,边界层范围内的温度反演误差较大,反演误差与气溶胶光学厚度增量和地表温度估算误差呈显著正相关关系,与大气水汽混合比的关系较差。文中从敏感性试验和理论分析角度阐述了地表温度和气溶胶光学厚度估算误差对大气温度反演误差的影响,发现不同光谱波段的地表温度权重均随地表温度的增加有不同程度增加,地表温度反演误差增加将增加地表温度权重,提高地表温度估算误差有助于提高地表温度权重的精度;荒漠戈壁地区大气边界层中气溶胶浓度较高,光学厚度较大,使边界层大气透过率降低,进而降低卫星红外遥感波段的地表温度权重和空气温度权重。由于该模式没有很好地考虑边界层中沙尘气溶胶的影响,使卫星反演的大气透过率偏高,以至于高估地表温度权重和大气温度权重,使得反演的表面温度和空气温度偏低。该研究结合太阳光度计获得的光学厚度资料,采用统计方法对气溶胶效应引起的大气透过率误差和表面温度估算误差进行校正,并对物理算法进行本地化改进,实现了边界层温度廓线的反演。 相似文献
6.
黑河绿洲区不均匀下垫面大气边界层结构的大涡模拟研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
采用RAMS模式中大涡模拟的方法,加入高分辨率的植被和土壤资料,模拟了黑河（张掖地区）不均匀下垫面条件下大气边界层演变过程。分析了模拟的地表通量、边界层的平均结构和湍流二阶量,并用黑河试验的观测资料检验了模式的模拟性能。结果表明,模拟的平均结构较好地展现了不均匀下垫面条件下边界层内从稳定层结到混合层发展,夹卷层形成,底层逆温层出现,混合层过渡到残留层等的演变过程,呈现出了从初始的稳定边界层发展到对流边界层,最后又形成夜问稳定边界层的日变化规律。湍流二阶量的分析显示,在非均匀下垫面条件下边界层内湍流二阶量的垂直分布与边界层的发展相对应,白天湍流二阶量出现两个峰值,分别位于近地层和混合层顶。与观测资料和现有研究的对比表明,RAMS中陆面模块（LEAF）地表参数不能较好地反映黑河地区的植被特征,模拟的白天地表感热和潜热通量偏小,气温白天偏低、夜间偏高,相对湿度也有偏差。 相似文献
7.
根据2017、2019年7月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地GPS探空和地面观测数据,利用位温廓线法等方法,对比分析了沙漠腹地夏季晴天和沙尘暴天气大气边界层结构变化特征。结果表明：晴天和沙尘暴天气大气边界层结构特征显著不同。晴天大气边界层各气象要素垂直分布较为均一,白天对流边界层深厚,高度接近5 km,夜间稳定边界层一般在500 m左右。沙尘暴天气边界层内位温和比湿垂直变化较小,风速较大,可达24.0 m/s,其白天对流边界层在1.5 km左右,夜间稳定边界层在1 km左右。晴天辐射强烈,地表升温迅速,湍流旺盛,是形成晴天深厚对流边界层的主要因素。大尺度天气系统冷平流的动力条件,以及云和沙尘减弱了到达地表的辐射强度是形成沙尘暴天气独特的大气边界层结构的主要因素。 相似文献
8.
不均匀植被分布对地表面和大气边界层影响的数值试验 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究陆地与大气间相互作用的方法之一是建立联系地表面层与大气间各种过程的数值模式进行模拟。本文是建立一个陆面过程与二维大气边界层相耦合的模式,耦合模式中包含了发生在大气边界层、植被冠层和土壤表层各种动力、热力和水文过程。运用这一模式模拟了荒漠环境中一片绿洲的不均匀地表面形成的局地气候。由于绿洲植被与周围荒漠有着显著不同的水份与能量平衡关系,使绿洲表面与边界层较四周荒漠冷而湿,并形成了相应的局地环流,即所谓“绿洲效应”。试验结果表明,模拟的气候状况与观测现象是一致的。模式可以用于陆气相互作用的研究。 相似文献
9.
陆面过程与大气边界层之间耦合关系是理解青藏高原热力效应的关键环节和难点之一。本文基于那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站2019年5月、 7月和10月地面及探空观测数据分析了青藏高原那曲地区地表能量收支及大气温湿垂直廓线的日变化和季节差异,探讨了该地区干湿季大气边界层高度的演变规律。结果表明,在5月观测期间内受日间净辐射强度变化的影响,对流边界层在晴天较高,为2842 m;阴天较低,为1481 m,强对流天气也可能使其在低层转变成稳定边界层。同时,位于近地层大气的感热和潜热交换为大气边界层的维持和发展提供了能量支持,位温和比湿垂直廓线能够正确反映出那曲地区大气边界层高度的季节性差异,对流边界层高度在5月最高、 10月次之、 7月最低,而稳定边界层在7月最高、 5月次之、 10月最低。 相似文献
10.
主要从理论、试验角度对大气边界层的研究进行了简要的回顾,尤其对近年来倍受关注的非均匀地表条件下的边界层研究进行了较详细的介绍,并对大气边界层的研究进行了展望。20世纪50年代,Monin和Obukhov提出的Monin-Obukhov相似理论,为现代大气边界层物理学奠定了基础。之后进行的多次大型综合性外场试验,不仅揭示和发现了大气边界层中的许多现象和规律,也验证和发展了Monin-Obukhov相似理论。80年代以后,非均匀地表条件下的大气边界层研究越来越受到关注,一些新的现象被揭示,新的问题被提出,同时也提出了一些新的概念和研究方法。未来10 a,除大气湍流机理等需长期坚持研究外,还应进一步开展非均匀复杂下垫面边界层研究、城市边界层研究和局地边界层气象预报研究。 相似文献
11.
Impact of the Diurnal Cycle of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer on Wind-Turbine Wakes: A Numerical Modelling Study 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The wake characteristics of a wind turbine for different regimes occurring throughout the diurnal cycle are investigated systematically by means of large-eddy simulation. Idealized diurnal cycle simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer are performed with the geophysical flow solver EULAG over both homogeneous and heterogeneous terrain. Under homogeneous conditions, the diurnal cycle significantly affects the low-level wind shear and atmospheric turbulence. A strong vertical wind shear and veering with height occur in the nocturnal stable boundary layer and in the morning boundary layer, whereas atmospheric turbulence is much larger in the convective boundary layer and in the evening boundary layer. The increased shear under heterogeneous conditions changes these wind characteristics, counteracting the formation of the night-time Ekman spiral. The convective, stable, evening, and morning regimes of the atmospheric boundary layer over a homogeneous surface as well as the convective and stable regimes over a heterogeneous surface are used to study the flow in a wind-turbine wake. Synchronized turbulent inflow data from the idealized atmospheric boundary-layer simulations with periodic horizontal boundary conditions are applied to the wind-turbine simulations with open streamwise boundary conditions. The resulting wake is strongly influenced by the stability of the atmosphere. In both cases, the flow in the wake recovers more rapidly under convective conditions during the day than under stable conditions at night. The simulated wakes produced for the night-time situation completely differ between heterogeneous and homogeneous surface conditions. The wake characteristics of the transitional periods are influenced by the flow regime prior to the transition. Furthermore, there are different wake deflections over the height of the rotor, which reflect the incoming wind direction. 相似文献
12.
A numerical model is used to study the properties of pollutant dispersion over a large uniformly-sloped surface in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. By simulating the structure of boundary layer flow to improve the advective wind field and vertical eddy diffusivities included in the advection-diffusion equa-tion, this numerical model permits an estimation of the distribution of pollutant concentration for more real-istic atmospheric diffusion conditions. 相似文献
13.
The response of a neutrally stratified atmospheric surface layer to sudden changes in surface roughness and temperature is investigated by solving the steady-state boundary-layer equations. Near the discontinuities, the distributions of velocity and shear stress are found to be critically dependent upon whether or not the pressure and buoyancy terms are retained in the governing equations. Computed distributions of velocity and shear stress are found to be in good agreement with windtunnel and field data. The growth of the internal boundary layer under neutral conditions for smooth to rough transitions follows the 0.8 power law; however, rough to smooth transitions are associated with a 0.7 power law. 相似文献
14.
Arnaldo Longhetto Enrico Ferrero 张瑛 全利红 Massimiliano Manfrin Luca Mortarini Renato Forza 《气象与减灾研究》2009,32(3):15-18
重点介绍和讨论了中性条件下旋转扰动流体中边界层强迫不稳定及其相关的一些问题,阐述了旋转体系中切变驱动边界层不稳定的动力学特征。这些不稳定状态的研究在大气物理学、流体动力学、海洋学等多个领域中引起科学家极大的兴趣,近年来在实验和理论研究中都得到了不断的发展。意大利都灵大学基础物理系地球科学实验组通过水槽旋转实验方法,不断改变水槽启动或结束时的旋转运动速度,以及底部壁面粗糙度等要素,所得到的实验结果与SDBL理论非常一致。 相似文献
15.
Mellissa C. MacKellar Hamish A. McGowan Stuart R. Phinn Joshua S. Soderholm 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2013,146(2):319-340
Over warm, shallow coral reefs the surface radiation and energy fluxes differ from those of the open ocean and result in modification to the marine atmospheric boundary layer via the development of convective internal boundary layers. The complex interrelationships between the surface energy balance and boundary-layer characteristics influence local weather (wind, temperature, humidity) and hydrodynamics (water temperature and currents), as well as larger scale processes, including cloud field properties and precipitation. The nature of these inter-relationships has not been accurately described for coral reef environments. This study presents the first measurements of the surface energy balance, radiation budget and boundary layer thermodynamics made over a coral reef using an eddy-covariance system and radiosonde aerological profiling of the lower atmosphere. Results show that changes in surface properties and the associated energetics across the ocean-reef boundary resulted in modification to the marine atmospheric boundary layer during the Austral winter and summer. Internal convective boundary layers developed within the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the reef and were found to be deeper in the summer, yet more unstable during the winter when cold and drier flow from the mainland enhances heat and moisture fluxes to the atmosphere. A mixed layer was identified in the marine atmospheric boundary layer varying from 375 to 1,200 m above the surface, and was deeper during the summer, particularly under stable anticyclonic conditions. Significant cloud cover and at times rain resulted in the development of a stable stratified atmosphere over the reef. Our findings show that, for Heron Reef, a lagoonal platform reef, there was a horizontal discontinuity in surface energy fluxes across the ocean-reef boundary, which modified the marine atmospheric boundary layer. 相似文献
16.
S. E. Larsen H. E. Jørgensen L. Landberg J. E. Tillman 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,105(3):451-470
The structures of mean flow and turbulence in the atmospheric surface boundary layer have been extensively studied on Earth, and to a far less extent on Mars, where only the Viking missions and the Pathfinder mission have delivered in-situ data. Largely the behaviour of surface-layer turbulence and mean flow on Mars is found to obey the same scaling laws as on Earth. The largest micrometeorological differences between the two atmospheres are associated with the low air density of the Martian atmosphere. Together with the virtual absence of water vapour, it reduces the importance of the atmospheric heat flux in the surface energy budget. This increases the temperature variation of the surface forcing the near-surface temperature gradient and thereby the diabatic heat flux to higher values than are typical on the Earth, resulting in turn in a deeper daytime boundary layer. As wind speed is much like that of the Earth, this larger diabatic heat flux is carried mostly by larger maximal values of T*, the surface scale temperature. The higher kinematic viscosity yields a Kolmogorov scale of the order of ten times larger than on Earth, influencing the transition between rough and smooth flow for the same surface features.The scaling laws have been validated analysing the Martian surface-layer data for the relations between the power spectra of wind and temperature turbulence and the corresponding mean values of wind speed and temperature. Usual spectral formulations were used based on the scaling laws ruling the Earth atmospheric surface layer, whereby the Earth's atmosphere is used as a standard for the Martian atmosphere. 相似文献
17.
Zhengtong Xie Peter R. Voke Paul Hayden Alan G. Robins 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,111(3):417-440
A family of wall models is proposed that exhibits moresatisfactory performance than previousmodels for the large-eddy simulation (LES) of the turbulentboundary layer over a rough surface.The time and horizontally averaged statistics such asmean vertical profiles of windvelocity, Reynolds stress, turbulent intensities, turbulentkinetic energy and alsospectra are compared with wind-tunnel experimental data.The purpose of the present study is to obtain simulatedturbulent flows that are comparable with wind-tunnelmeasurements for use as the wind environment for thenumerical prediction by LES of source dispersion in theneutral atmospheric boundary layer. 相似文献
18.
A Study of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure During a Clear Day in the Arid Region of Northwest China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The local climate and atmospheric circulation pattern exert a clear influence on the atmospheric boundary layer （ABL） formation and development in Northwest China. In this paper, we use field observational data to analyze the distribution and characteristics of the ABL in the extremely arid desert in Dunhuang, Northwest China. These data show that the daytime convective boundary layer and night time stable boundary layer in this area extend to higher altitudes than in other areas. In the night time, the stable boundary layer exceeds 900 m in altitude and can sometimes peak at 1750 m, above which the residual layer may reach up to about 4000 m. The daytime convective boundary layer develops rapidly after entering the residual layer, and exceeds 4000 m in thickness. The results show that the deep convective boundary layer in the daytime is a pre-requisite for maintaining the deep residual mixed layer in the night time. Meanwhile, the deep residual mixed layer in the night time provides favorable thermal conditions for the development of the convective boundary layer in the daytime. The prolonged periods of clear weather that often occurs in this area allow the cumulative effect of the atmospheric residual layer to develop fully, which creates thermal conditions beneficial for the growth of the daytime convective boundary layer. At the same time, the land surface process and atmospheric motion within the surface layer in this area also provide helpful support for forming the particular structure of the thermal ABL. High surface temperature is clearly the powerful external thermal forcing for the deep convective boundary layer. Strong sensible heat flux in the surface layer provides the required energy. Highly convective atmosphere and strong turbulence provide the necessary dynamic conditions, and the accumulative effect of the residual layer provides a favorable thermal environment. 相似文献
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Experiments have been carried out to investigate the dispersion of plumes at short range in the atmospheric boundary layer during stable and unstable conditions. The experiments and measurement system are described, and the results are compared with those of previous experiments. The slow meandering under stable conditions found by Mylne (1992) is not present here (probably because of topographic effects), so the plume is present on the mean centreline more often, and timescales are shorter, under stable conditions. Associated with this, statistics during stable conditions exhibit greater stability to changes in total sampling time. Intensity is found to be greater under unstable conditions, but there do not appear to be large differences in the shape of the probability density function between stable and unstable conditions. The intermittency is calculated using several variations on the conventional definition. The values obtained vary substantially according to which definition is used (although they are always higher in the stable than in the unstable experiments), demonstrating the sensitivity to both the precise definition and to measurement system characteristics. It is shown that even at very short range the mean and variance of concentration are determined almost entirely by the fluid not emanating from the source. Thus the partition between source and non-source fluid suggested by Chatwin and Sullivan (1989), while providing a more scientifically sound definition of intermittency, does not have an obvious direct practical application. 相似文献