共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
利用2007年12月的加密探空资料, 对高原东部及其下游地区的边界层结构和高原东部边界层变化对下游大气的影响进行了分析。结果表明, 冬季青藏高原东部夜间近地面逆温层可以发展到平均500 m的高度, 白天混合层可以发展到平均2000 m的高度。白天混合层内水汽和风速混合十分均匀, 在混合层发展成熟时存在十分深厚的逆湿层。冬季青藏高原下游的四川盆地, 边界层内温度日较差小, 夜间逆温层把大量地表水汽截留在近地层, 日出前近地层水汽容易达到饱和。白天, 混合层在中午发展成熟, 平均高度只有300 m。四川盆地对流层下部存在非常强的逆温层, 该逆温层是青藏高原抬升地表加热和冬季盛行西风气流形成的, 逆温层变化是青藏高原东部边界层温度日变化和局地西风变化的共同结果。逆温层显著改变大气动量、 热量和水汽的垂直分布。与对流层下部逆温相联系的中层云对辐射的影响是造成四川盆地温度日较差和混合层高度变化的原因。 相似文献
2.
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地2016年7月13-14日和26-27日GPS探空和地面气象观测资料,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠夏季晴天夜间各气象要素垂直廓线特征。结果表明:夜间(21:00至次日08:00,北京时,下同)稳定边界层的厚度达到240 m。残余混合层最大厚度与前一天对流混合层厚度相当,随时间推移其厚度到10:15损耗近三分之一,残余逆温层顶盖厚度达到400 m;在残余逆温层顶盖和稳定边界层顶附近有风速极大值出现,而07:15稳定边界层顶附近有低空急流发展,其最大风速达到10.8 m·s~(-1);夜间低空处比湿的变化趋势是先增后减小再增大的过程,其最小值为2.95 g·kg~(-1),出现在04:15的稳定边界层顶附近。残余混合层内比湿随高度略微增大;夜间逆温层对水汽通量有阻挡和聚合的作用,使其在稳定边界层顶和残余混合层顶附近出现极大值,并于07:15达到最大值。垂直水汽通量于04:15在残余混合层中下部做下沉运动、上部和残余逆温层顶盖中做上升运动;同时,夜间陆面过程中,存在较强的辐射冷却和较小的摩擦速度,这也是形成较为浅薄的夜间稳定边界层主要的热力因素和湍流动力因素。 相似文献
3.
根据2017、2019年7月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地GPS探空和地面观测数据,利用位温廓线法等方法,对比分析了沙漠腹地夏季晴天和沙尘暴天气大气边界层结构变化特征。结果表明：晴天和沙尘暴天气大气边界层结构特征显著不同。晴天大气边界层各气象要素垂直分布较为均一,白天对流边界层深厚,高度接近5 km,夜间稳定边界层一般在500 m左右。沙尘暴天气边界层内位温和比湿垂直变化较小,风速较大,可达24.0 m/s,其白天对流边界层在1.5 km左右,夜间稳定边界层在1 km左右。晴天辐射强烈,地表升温迅速,湍流旺盛,是形成晴天深厚对流边界层的主要因素。大尺度天气系统冷平流的动力条件,以及云和沙尘减弱了到达地表的辐射强度是形成沙尘暴天气独特的大气边界层结构的主要因素。 相似文献
4.
夏季巴丹吉林沙漠残余层与深厚对流边界层的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2012年7月"巴丹吉林沙漠陆气相互作用及其对区域气候的影响研究"实验所得到的观测资料和中尺度气象模式WRF,对夏季巴丹吉林沙漠对流边界层高度发展的特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)2012年7月在巴丹吉林沙漠连续观测到厚度超过3500 m的深厚对流边界层,其最大高度可达4000 m以上;当这种深厚对流边界层出现之前,当地中低层大气(1000~4000 m)存在近中性的残余层,而在没有近中性残留层出现时,即便地表感热通量较大,当天最大对流边界层高度却明显偏低;(2)WRF模式模拟结果表明残余层稳定度和对流边界层高度之间的负相关关系在空间区域成立,残余层位温直减率与当地对流边界层高度在时间和空间分布上都呈现显著的负相关关系;残余层位温直减率与对流边界层高度的空间相关系数最大值可达-0.51;(3)观测和模拟结果均表明残余层稳定度会直接影响由感热通量产生的对流边界层的发展效率,进而影响对流边界层的最大高度。通过研究发现,除感热通量外,近中性的残余层是巴丹吉林地区深厚对流边界层出现的关键条件之一。 相似文献
5.
黑河绿洲区不均匀下垫面大气边界层结构的大涡模拟研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
采用RAMS模式中大涡模拟的方法,加入高分辨率的植被和土壤资料,模拟了黑河（张掖地区）不均匀下垫面条件下大气边界层演变过程。分析了模拟的地表通量、边界层的平均结构和湍流二阶量,并用黑河试验的观测资料检验了模式的模拟性能。结果表明,模拟的平均结构较好地展现了不均匀下垫面条件下边界层内从稳定层结到混合层发展,夹卷层形成,底层逆温层出现,混合层过渡到残留层等的演变过程,呈现出了从初始的稳定边界层发展到对流边界层,最后又形成夜问稳定边界层的日变化规律。湍流二阶量的分析显示,在非均匀下垫面条件下边界层内湍流二阶量的垂直分布与边界层的发展相对应,白天湍流二阶量出现两个峰值,分别位于近地层和混合层顶。与观测资料和现有研究的对比表明,RAMS中陆面模块（LEAF）地表参数不能较好地反映黑河地区的植被特征,模拟的白天地表感热和潜热通量偏小,气温白天偏低、夜间偏高,相对湿度也有偏差。 相似文献
6.
陆面过程与大气边界层之间耦合关系是理解青藏高原热力效应的关键环节和难点之一。本文基于那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站2019年5月、 7月和10月地面及探空观测数据分析了青藏高原那曲地区地表能量收支及大气温湿垂直廓线的日变化和季节差异,探讨了该地区干湿季大气边界层高度的演变规律。结果表明,在5月观测期间内受日间净辐射强度变化的影响,对流边界层在晴天较高,为2842 m;阴天较低,为1481 m,强对流天气也可能使其在低层转变成稳定边界层。同时,位于近地层大气的感热和潜热交换为大气边界层的维持和发展提供了能量支持,位温和比湿垂直廓线能够正确反映出那曲地区大气边界层高度的季节性差异,对流边界层高度在5月最高、 10月次之、 7月最低,而稳定边界层在7月最高、 5月次之、 10月最低。 相似文献
7.
本文利用探空气球加密观测资料和欧洲中心ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°再分析资料,对2016年8月29日午后降霰过程进行大气边界层特征分析,与同年8月26日典型晴天个例对比分析,结果表明:降霰过程前,温度0℃线随时间增加而升高,温度递减率分层现象显著,逆温层不明显,边界层多为对流不稳定层结;位温随高度增加而增加,随时间增加呈现5K·(2h)~(-1)的增加趋势;比湿随高度增加而减小,水汽含量较晴天更大;风速随高度呈多层次变化,近地层风速大于晴天同高度风速,边界层顶风速小于晴天边界层顶风速,风向始终以西风为主,随高度不存在大波动;降霰过程前云覆盖量大,云层厚度达4000m,存在复杂垂直运动,近地层为下沉运动,云层内为上升运动。综合以上可以看出那曲29日降霰过程前,08时边界层内存在明显过冷水,边界层顶波动极大,08时存在最大高度(3780m),10时为最低高度(850m)。位温随时间增加而上升,持续积累能量达6h,比湿大于晴天,边界层内风速大于晴天,且随高度变化不大,风向始终以西风为主,存在深厚的云系提供水汽,云内的上升运动和云下的下沉运动是促发霰过程的主要动力机制。 相似文献
8.
利用东疆红柳河黑戈壁下垫面陆气相互作用观测站2017年近地大气边界层梯度探测资料和红柳河气象站天气现象观测数据,分析该地区典型晴天条件下的近地层风速、温度和比湿的四季廓线特征。结果表明:四季近地层风廓线变化规律明显。典型晴天条件下,在0.5～4 m高度内风速随高度的增加而变大的速度较快,在4～32 m范围内,白天风速随高度增大较缓慢,但夜间出现快速增大;存在明显的夜间逆温,逆温层主要集中在4～32 m,冬季逆温强于夏季,晨间0.5～32 m间的温度差可达4.6℃,且红柳河四季的气温日较差均较大,秋季可达到15.7℃;夜间比湿高于白天,秋、冬季夜间逆湿层出现在10～32 m,其比湿差为0.15 g/kg左右,夏季无逆湿现象。 相似文献
9.
利用2010年南京夏季城市热岛三维观测试验资料,分析了南京夏季典型天气条件下城市热岛的时空分布特征。结果表明,南京夏季高温晴天日平均热岛强度达1℃以上,夜间热岛强度稳定且强于白天,热岛分布具有方向性特征并与城市土地利用现状对应较好。白天,城市大气混合层的发展速度和高度均大于郊区;夜间,由于城市大气层结的不稳定及下垫面的粗糙特性,致使城市低空始终存在着一个对流混合层,其高度至少有250 m。城市下垫面高热量储存和强湍流输送的共同作用形成边界层内热岛,热岛强度总体上随高度递减,影响高度在白天约900 m、夜间约300 m。 相似文献
10.
利用宜昌2007年12月10-25日的加密观测资料,分析了两次低值系统经过宜昌时大气边界层的温湿风廓线结构及其日变化特征。结果表明：位温廓线具有明显的日变化特征,对流边界层在白天出现和发展,其高度可达600m,而稳定边界层在夜间出现和发展,其高度可达300m,降水会抑制对流边界层和稳定边界层的发展;湿度廓线结构及其日变化与对流边界层的发展有关,总体上湿度随高度减小,贴近地面的薄层湿度随高度减小较快,而混合层内湿度随高度变化较小,出现降水时,近地层的湿度有明显增加,大气边界层内湿度随高度快速平稳减小;风速廓线结构比较复杂,总体上风速随高度增大,在大气边界层低层有时会出现一个风速极大值,风速廓线没有明显的日变化特征,大气边界层内风向变化较大,但以偏东风为主。 相似文献
11.
A Study of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure During a Clear Day in the Arid Region of Northwest China 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The local climate and atmospheric circulation pattern exert a clear influence on the atmospheric boundary layer （ABL） formation and development in Northwest China. In this paper, we use field observational data to analyze the distribution and characteristics of the ABL in the extremely arid desert in Dunhuang, Northwest China. These data show that the daytime convective boundary layer and night time stable boundary layer in this area extend to higher altitudes than in other areas. In the night time, the stable boundary layer exceeds 900 m in altitude and can sometimes peak at 1750 m, above which the residual layer may reach up to about 4000 m. The daytime convective boundary layer develops rapidly after entering the residual layer, and exceeds 4000 m in thickness. The results show that the deep convective boundary layer in the daytime is a pre-requisite for maintaining the deep residual mixed layer in the night time. Meanwhile, the deep residual mixed layer in the night time provides favorable thermal conditions for the development of the convective boundary layer in the daytime. The prolonged periods of clear weather that often occurs in this area allow the cumulative effect of the atmospheric residual layer to develop fully, which creates thermal conditions beneficial for the growth of the daytime convective boundary layer. At the same time, the land surface process and atmospheric motion within the surface layer in this area also provide helpful support for forming the particular structure of the thermal ABL. High surface temperature is clearly the powerful external thermal forcing for the deep convective boundary layer. Strong sensible heat flux in the surface layer provides the required energy. Highly convective atmosphere and strong turbulence provide the necessary dynamic conditions, and the accumulative effect of the residual layer provides a favorable thermal environment. 相似文献
12.
利用大涡模式模拟了对流边界层结构演变以及深对流触发过程。通过改变鲍恩比的敏感性试验研究不同大气初始状况下湿润和干旱下垫面湍流特征及其对深对流触发过程的影响。结果表明:干旱下垫面的混合层干而暖,厚度较大;湿润下垫面相反。由于地表感热通量对热力湍流形成的作用更大,干旱下垫面上湍流混合和夹卷作用更强,使得水汽和相当位温在边界层内分布更均一,而在边界层顶有较大的负扰动;干旱下垫面上对流强度较湿润下垫面大,但均表现为泡状对流,水平方向上呈网状结构。不同下垫面上深对流的发生与大气初始状况有关,当初始时刻1—3 km的逆温强度较弱时（0.15 K/（100 m））,边界层内湍流迅速发展,深对流首先在干旱下垫面发生,但因对流有效位能较小,云层厚度小于湿润下垫面。当1—3 km的逆温强度增加到0.55 K/（100 m）时,云层形成时间较晚,云层厚度明显减小,仅当边界层顶的比湿较大时,有深对流发生,但仍首先发生在干旱下垫面,考虑贯穿对流在边界层顶引起的较强冷却作用,云层厚度大于湿润下垫面。 相似文献
13.
Study on Physical Mechanism of Influence on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Depth in the Arid Regions of Northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Using the sounding data of wind, temperature, and humidity in the boundary layer and micrometeorological data on the earth's surface observed in the same period in Dunhuang arid region of Northwest China,this paper researches characteristics of potential temperature, wind, and humidity profiles, confirms the structure and depth of thermodynamic boundary layer in Dunhuang region, and analyzses the relationship of depth of thermodynamic boundary layer with surface radiation, buoyancy flux as well as wind speed and
wind direction shear in the boundary layer. The results show that the maximum depth of diurnal convective boundary layer is basically above 2000 m during the observational period, many times even in excess of 3000 m and sometimes up to 4000 m; the depth of nocturnal stable boundary layer basically maintains within a range of 1000-1500 m. As a whole, the depth of atmospheric boundary layer is obviously bigger than those results observed in other regions before. By analyzing, a preliminary judgement is that the depth
of atmospheric thermodynamic boundary layer in Dunhuang region may relate to local especial radiation characteristics, surface properties (soil moisture content and heat capacity) as well as wind velocity shear of boundary layer, and these properties have formed strong buoyancy flux and dynamic forcing in a local region which are fundamental causes for producing a super deep atmospheric boundary layer. 相似文献
14.
Development of the Convective Boundary Layer Capping with a Thick Neutral Layer in Badanjilin: Observations and Simulations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study,the development of a convective boundary layer (CBL) in the Badanjilin region was investigated by comparing the observation data of two cases.A deep neutral layer capped a CBL that occurred on 30 August 2009.This case was divided into five sublayers from the surface to higher atmospheric elevations:surface layer,mixed layer,inversion layer,neutral layer,and sub-inversion layer.The development process of the CBL was divided into three stages:S1,S2,and S3.This case was quite different from the development of the three-layer CBL observed on 31 August 2009 because the mixed layer of the five-layer CBL (CBL5) eroded the neutral layer during S2.The specific initial structure of the CBL5 was correlated to the synoptic background of atmosphere during nighttime.The three-stage development process of the CBL5 was confirmed by six simulations using National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA) large-eddy simulation (NCAR-LES),and some of its characteristics are presented in detail. 相似文献
15.
Frequency of Boundary-Layer-Top Fluctuations in Convective and Stable Conditions Using Laser Remote Sensing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Giovanni Martucci Renaud Matthey Valentin Mitev Hans Richner 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2010,135(2):313-331
The planetary boundary-layer (PBL) height is determined with high temporal and altitude resolution from lidar backscatter
profiles. Then, the frequencies of daytime thermal updrafts and downdrafts and of nighttime gravity waves are obtained applying
a fast Fourier transform on the temporal fluctuation of the PBL height. The principal frequency components of each spectrum
are related to the dominant processes occurring at the daytime and nighttime PBL top. Two groups of cases are selected for
the study: one group combines daytime cases, measured in weak horizontal wind conditions and dominated by convection. The
cases show higher updraft and downdraft frequencies for the shallow, convective boundary layer and lower frequencies for a
deep PBL. For cases characterized by strong horizontal winds, the frequencies directly depend on the wind speed. The temporal
variation of the PBL height is determined also in the likely presence of lee waves. For nighttime cases, the main frequency
components in the spectra do not show a real correlation with the nocturnal PBL height. Altitude fluctuations of the top of
the nocturnal boundary layer are observed even though the boundary layer is statically stable. These oscillations are associated
with the wind shear effect and with buoyancy waves at the PBL top. 相似文献
16.
边界层对流对示踪物抬升和传输影响的大涡模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用"西北干旱区陆气相互作用野外观测实验"加密观测期间敦煌站的实测资料以及大涡模式, 通过一系列改变地表热通量和风切变的敏感性数值试验, 分析了地表热通量和风切变对边界层对流的强度、形式, 以及对对流边界层结构和发展的影响。模拟结果显示风切变一定, 增大地表热通量时, 由于近地层湍流运动增强, 向上输送的热量也较多, 使对流边界层变暖增厚, 而且边界层对流的强度明显增强, 对流泡发展的高度也较高。当地表热通量一定, 增大风切变时, 由于风切变使夹卷作用增强, 将逆温层中的暖空气向下卷入混合层中, 使对流边界层增暖增厚, 但是对流泡容易破碎, 对流的强度也较弱。另外通过在模式近地层释放绝对浓度为100的被动示踪物方法, 用最小二乘法定量地分析了地表热通量和风切变分别与示踪物抬升效率和传输高度的关系。分析结果表明, 风切变小于10.5×10-3 s-1时, 增大地表热通量加强了上层动量的下传, 使示踪物的抬升效率也线性增大;地表热通量小于462.5 W m-2时, 增大风切变减弱了边界层对流的强度, 从而使示踪物的抬升效率减弱。当风切变一定时, 示踪物的平均传输高度随地表热通量增加而增大, 而地表热通量一定, 只有风切变大于临界值时, 示踪物平均传输高度才随风切变的增加而增大, 而临界风速的大小由地表热通量决定。 相似文献
17.
Myong-In Lee Ildae Choi Wei-Kuo Tao Siegfried D. Schubert In-Sik Kang 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(2-3):419-437
The mechanisms of summertime diurnal precipitation in the US Great Plains were examined with the two-dimensional (2D) Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) cloud-resolving model (CRM). The model was constrained by the observed large-scale background state and surface flux derived from the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Intensive Observing Period (IOP) data at the Southern Great Plains (SGP). The model, when continuously-forced by realistic surface flux and large-scale advection, simulates reasonably well the temporal evolution of the observed rainfall episodes, particularly for the strongly forced precipitation events. However, the model exhibits a deficiency for the weakly forced events driven by diurnal convection. Additional tests were run with the GCE model in order to discriminate between the mechanisms that determine daytime and nighttime convection. In these tests, the model was constrained with the same repeating diurnal variation in the large-scale advection and/or surface flux. The results indicate that it is primarily the surface heat and moisture flux that is responsible for the development of deep convection in the afternoon, whereas the large-scale upward motion and associated moisture advection play an important role in preconditioning nocturnal convection. In the nighttime, high clouds are continuously built up through their interaction and feedback with long-wave radiation, eventually initiating deep convection from the boundary layer. Without these upper-level destabilization processes, the model tends to produce only daytime convection in response to boundary layer heating. This study suggests that the correct simulation of the diurnal variation in precipitation requires that the free-atmospheric destabilization mechanisms resolved in the CRM simulation must be adequately parameterized in current general circulation models (GCMs) many of which are overly sensitive to the parameterized boundary layer heating. 相似文献
18.
Summary The article brings together theoretical knowledge about the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) which should be typical for smog situations and ABL features observed during two severe smog episodes. It can be shown that the convective boundary layer (CBL) as a special ABL type is very favourable for the occurrence of smog and that at first glance simple modelling of the CBL seems to recommend itself for forecasting purposes.However, the real smog situations show much more complexity, and even high reaching (up to 1500 m) stable boundary layers (SBL) occur. Simple modelling fails because important input parameters (such as vertical wind and advection terms) cannot be derived neither from measurements nor from meso-scale models in sufficient accuracy. Even the most advanced forecast models cannot describe the ABL structure correctly or in sufficient detail to estimate the development of a smog situation.With 19 Figures 相似文献
19.
Two cases of on-ice and off-ice air flow characterizing the opposite weather situations over the ice-edge zone in the northern Baltic Sea are analysed on the basis of aircraft observations, and modelled using atwo-dimensional mesoscale model. The stable boundary layer (SBL) during theon-ice flow exhibited little thermal modification, but a low-level jet (LLJ) was generated at the 250-m high top of the SBL. In the model, the LLJ was associated with inertial oscillations in space, while the baroclinicity explained the shape of the wind profile well above the SBL. Although the observed LLJ was most pronounced over the ice, the modelling suggests that it was not generated by the ice edge but by the coastline some 400 km upwind of the ice edge, where a much more drastic change in the thermal stratification and surface roughness took place. The generation, maintenance, and strength of the LLJ were very sensitive to the parameterization of turbulent mixing in the SBL. In the case of the off-ice flow, the modification of the air mass and the development of a convective boundary layer (CBL) both over the ice and open sea were reasonably well modelled. Sensitivity runs suggested that it was essential to take into account the effects of subgrid-scale leads, a forest in the archipelago (which was crossed by the air flow), and water vapour condensationinto ice crystals. The heat flux from leads was particularly important for the heatbudget of the CBL, and the observed growth of the CBL was partly due to theeffective mixing over the rough and relatively warm forest. 相似文献