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1.
Detached mud prism origin of highstand systems tracts from mid-Pleistocene sequences, Wanganui Basin, New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stephen T. Abbott 《Sedimentology》2000,47(1):15-29
Marine siltstone successions, 1–20 m thick, form the upper part of sequences in the mid-Pleistocene Castlecliff section (≈ 0·98–0·35 Ma). The siltstones were deposited within a broad shelf embayment at and about glacioeustatic highstands and are interpreted as highstand systems tracts (HST). Shell-rich to relatively shell-poor contacts at the base of Castlecliff HST are interpreted as downlap surfaces, which mark the quenching of transgressive in situ biogenic accumulation (backlap shellbed). Nonetheless, the basal parts of Castlecliff HST successions are enriched in fossil content in the context of the highstand successions as a whole and represent downlap shellbeds. Castlecliff HST are truncated above by sequence-bounding ravinement surfaces, such that complete sandier-upward successions and subaerial exposure surfaces associated with sequence boundaries sensu stricto are never preserved. Modern highstand sedimentation in the Taranaki Bight offshore from Castlecliff is characterized by a mid-shelf mud depocentre and a coastal shore-connected sand prism, both of which are encroaching upon intervening shell-rich relict and palimpsest transgressive deposits. The mud depocentre is up to 9 m thick, and deposition is influenced by a gyre caused by bathymetric steering of storm-driven currents along the embayed coastline. Modern highstand deposition in the Taranaki Bight, in which the mud depocentre is in part detached from the contemporary shore-connected sand prism, is regarded as an analogue for the deposition of the preserved lower parts of Castlecliff HST. The inferred architecture of Castlecliff HST therefore need not refer to the shore-connected, progradational geometry predicted by traditional sequence models. The model proposed herein may have application to other shelf palaeo-embayments in which mid-shelf focusing of fine-grained sediment has resulted from coastal steering of currents. 相似文献
2.
Pramod Kumar Pratul Kumar Saraswati Santanu Banerjee 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(4):432-444
The Early Miocene succession of Kutch represents a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic depositional system. The carbonate part of
the succession, characterized by high abundance of shallow marine benthic fauna, hosts typical shell concentrations (also
referred as shell beds). The thickness of shell concentrations vary in scale from 5 cm to 100 cm and are separated by poorly
fossiliferous to barren silty shales/siltstones. Based on taphonomic and sedimentological observations, shell concentrations
are classified as lag, event, composite/multi-event and hiatal types. The occurrence of different types of shell concentrations
in the background of sequence stratigraphic framework is the main theme for the present study. Overall, the shell concentrations
occupy the middle part of the sequence i.e. upper part of the transgressive systems tract and lower part of the highstand
systems tract. Lag concentrations are found in the lower part of the sequence while composite concentrations, the major contributors
in the sequence, occur in upper part of the transgressive systems tract and in the lower part of the highstand systems tract.
The hiatal concentrations are associated with maximum flooding surface while the position of event concentrations is independent
of sequence stratigraphic framework. The shell concentrations occupy marine flooding surface or marine ravinement surface,
thus mark parasequence boundaries. 相似文献
3.
扬子地台西南缘早三叠世层序地层格架 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
扬子地台西南缘早三叠世地层被划分为4个沉积层序。通过综合研究已取得的牙形石生物地层资料,与Haq等人提出的三叠纪牙形石生物时带进行了对比,初步定出了各沉积层序及体系域的界面年龄(层序1底界年龄251Ma;层序2底界年龄245.2Ma;层序3底界年龄243Ma;层序4底界年龄240.5Ma,顶界年龄239.4Ma),从而建立了区内分辨率较高的早三叠世地层格架。格架中层序组合特征在碳酸盐岩台地边缘显示得非常清楚,其中,层序1-层序2高水位体系域的台地边缘依次向陆后退,呈退积或超覆(overlap)型组合关系;层序3-层序4高水位体系域的台地边缘则依次向海推进,呈进积或退覆(offlap)型组合关系。这种组合特征主要受沉积盆地的构造沉降及2级海平面升降亚旋回的海面变化的控制,构造沉降加速和海面上升期形成的层序呈退积型组合关系;构造沉降平缓及海面下降期形成的层序呈进积型组合关系。此外,还研究了斜坡地带(贵阳改毛)层序1-层序3底部的碳氧同位素组成变化规律:海侵体系域-高水位体系域碳、氧同位素组成变化不大,δ13C主要为正值,但在高水位体系域顶部明显负向偏移;低水位体系域碳、氧同位素组成变化剧烈,且均为负值。这为地层划分提供了地球化学方面的依据。 相似文献
4.
黔中隆起及外围南华-留纪层序地层特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以黔中地区层序地层研究为基础,并与三都盆区层序地层对比。根据不整合界面、地层结构及地层的堆叠型式等特征,将黔中隆起及外围地区的南华-志留纪地层划分为14个层序,并阐述了各层序及体系域的发育特征。在此基础上,建立了南华-志留纪的岩石地层格架及相对海平面变化曲线。研究区层序地层的特点是：在浅水陆架区,大多数层序由海侵体系域和高水位体系域构成,并且高水位体系域的厚度常大于海侵体系域的厚度;层序所反映的海平面升降变化,在层序的下部表现较剧,常快速上升。通过层序界面的对比研究,界面基本性质进一步得到明确,使地层格架更趋真实。如黔中、黔北南沱组与澄江组的接触关系性质,从盆地区海侵体系域一高水位体系域及层序界面的延伸对比来看,黔中地区缺失这两个体系域,证明这里南沱组与澄江组之间为假整合接触。 相似文献
5.
J. Georg Friebe 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(2):281-294
The mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Weißenegg (Allo-) Formation records three depositional sequences corresponding approximately to the TB 2.3, TB 2.4 and TB 2.5 global cycles. Sea-level fluctuations were of the order of at least 30 m. Siliciclastic lowstand systems tracts comprise lignite deposits, reworked basement and tidal siltstones (above a tectonically enhanced sequence boundary) as well as coastal sand bars. Coastal sands of the transgressive systems tract contain distinct layers of well cemented nodules. They are interpreted as the first stage in hardground formation and record superimposed minor sea-level fluctuations. Coral patch reefs and rhodolith platforms developed during transgressive phases and were subsequently drowned and/or suffocated by siliciclastics during early highstand. Shallowing upwards siliciclastic parasequences, each terminated by a bank of rhodolith limestone, form the (late) highstand systems tract. The limestone beds record superimposed fourth-order transgressive pulses. Occasionally a carbonate highstand wedge developed. Lowstand carbonate shedding occurred where the top of a platform which suffered incipient drowning during highstand was near sealevel again during the following lowstand. Late highstand delta progradation is common. 相似文献
6.
华北石炭-二叠纪层序地层格架及其特征 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
华北石炭二叠纪沉积建造由两部分组成,下部为碳酸盐岩与硅质碎屑岩构成的含煤建造,上部为硅质碎屑岩红色建造。根据不整合面及其它识别层序界面的标志,该沉积建造可划分为５个沉积层序。ＤＳ１、ＤＳ２、ＤＳ３层序属陆表海型层序,其底界面为Ⅰｅ型层序界面,层序内仅发育海侵体系域和高位体系域;ＤＳ４层序为过渡型层序,由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域构成;ＤＳ５层序为湖泊型层序,包括低水位体系域、水进体系域和高位体系域。盆地充填超层序（ＤＳ１-ＤＳ５）的发育受控于全球二级相对海平面变化,而沉积层序的发育则与区域性造山作用引起的三级海平面变化有关。 相似文献
7.
A. Van Heeswijck 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):417-426
Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian sedimentary rocks extend along the periphery of the northern Sydney Basin, a sub‐basin of the Sydney‐Gunnedah‐Bowen Basin complex. The basin contains basal basalts and volcanic sediments deposited in a nascent rift zone. This rift zone was created through crustal thinning during trench rollback on the eastern edge of the New England Orogen. Thermal subsidence created accommodation for predominantly marine Dalwood Group sediments. Clastic sedimentation then occurred in the Maitland‐Cessnock‐Greta Coalfield and Cranky Corner Basin during the Early Permian. This occurred on a broad shelf undergoing renewed thermal subsidence on the margin of a rift flank of the Tamworth Belt of the southern New England Orogen. Braidplain fans prograded or aggraded in two depositional sequences. The first sequence commences near the top of the Farley Formation and includes part of the Greta Coal Measures, while the second sequence includes the majority of the Greta Coal Measures and basal Branxton Formation. Thin, areally restricted mires formed during interludes in a high sedimentation regime in the lowstand systems tracts. As base‐level rose, areally extensive mires developed on the transgressive surface of both sequences. A paludal to estuarine facies changed to a shallow‐marine facies as the braidplain was transgressed. The transgressive systems tracts continued to develop with rising relative sea‐level. Renewed uplift in the hinterland resulted in the erosion of part of the transgressive systems tract and all of the highstand systems tract of the lower sequence. In the upper sequence a reduction in relative sea‐level rise saw the development of a deltaic to nearshore shelf highstand systems tract. Extensional dynamics caused a fall in relative base‐level and the development of a sequence boundary in the Branxton Formation. Finally, renewed thermal subsidence created accommodation for the overlying, predominantly marine Maitland Group. 相似文献
8.
根据层序界面的特点、凝缩段的组成,思茅盆地二叠系可分为2个Ⅱ级层序、9个Ⅲ级层序.在此基础上,探讨了层序格架与油气生储盖的关系可分为2个二级层序界面为一构造侵蚀不整合层序界面,是极好的储集场所.此时西部盆地中沉积物已经变质,与生储盖关系不大;而东部地区以开阔碳酸盐台地为主,低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域以形成储集层为主.第2个二级层序由海侵-高位体系域所构成.海侵体系域由龙潭组下部所组成,在普洱西部崖子以西为深水盆地（含斜坡）环境,以东为浅海环境,邻近东部古陆区为滨海环境.无论盆地或浅海,岩性以深灰-灰黑色泥岩为主,生烃性能极好.高位体系域可以分为早期高位体系域和晚期高位体系域.早期高位体系域由龙潭组上部层位组成,西为浅海相砂岩、火山岩等,可作储层;东为滨海平原,下部以深灰、灰黑色泥岩为主,是很好的生油岩,上部以砂岩为主夹火山岩,可作为储集层.晚期高位体系域西部为长兴组灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩,可作为储层之用. 相似文献
9.
This paper reports on the structural and sedimentary evolution of the middle to late Eocene of the Prepyrenean External Sierras (southern Pyrenees, Spain). The initiation, duration and kinematics of a set of growth structures that developed in a shallow marine depositional setting is documented. The detailed analysis of the syntectonic marine sediments not only confirms the already known east to west progression of deformation, but also reveals the continued growth of the early formed structures as later ones propagate towards the foreland. The sedimentary units coevally deposited with these growth structures are arranged in four depositional sequences. Their boundaries correspond to flooding surfaces which grade basinwards into correlative conformities. They are also indicated by the presence of both angular unconformities and onlap geometries. Each depositional sequence generally consists of two systems tracts. The lower one, or transgressive systems tract, is formed by up to 400 m of azoic marls deposited in outer ramp areas. The upper one, or highstand systems tract, mainly consists of shallow siliciclastic and carbonate facies, up to 200 m thick, deposited in middle to inner ramp areas. These depositional sequences are interpreted to be controlled by regional tectonic pulses. An increase of tectonic activity resulted in the flooding of the basin and in the subsequent deposition of a thick succession of nearly azoic blue marls (i.e. transgressive systems tract). The overlying highstand systems tract developed following periods of diminished tectonism, with the consequent growth and progradation of shallow carbonate platform facies. 相似文献
10.
淮南煤田二叠系高分辨率层序地层学特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
在对淮南煤田二叠系不同周期地层基准面旋回识别和分析的基础上 ,进行了层序地层划分 ,尤其是进行了二叠系四级、五级高分辨率层序的识别与划分。淮南煤田二叠系三级层序内部具有明显的三分性 ,即一个三级层序由底部的低水位体系域、中部的水进体系域和上部的高水位体系域构成。其中水进体系域较薄 ,而低水位体系域和高水位体系域较厚 ,这说明华北南部二叠纪聚煤盆地基准面以下降周期为主导 (持续时间较长 ) ,水进 (盆地水域扩张 )期持续时间较短。基准面升降高频振荡性的变化 ,使盆地沉积环境发生频繁交替 ,从而导致盆地聚煤作用发生高频率变化。淮南煤田二叠系发育煤层达 2 6层之多 ,就是盆地基准面升降高频性变化的结果。研究表明 ,具有工业价值的煤层主要形成于高水位体系域。 相似文献
11.
Yasser SALAMA Michael GRAMMER Shaban SABER Soheir EL-SHAZLY Gouda ABDEL-GAWAD 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(1):286-310
The Lower Cretaceous sections in northern Sinai are composed of the Risan Aneiza (upper
Barremian-middle Albian) and the Halal (middle Albian-lower Cenomanian) formations. The facies
reflect subtle paleobathymetry from inner to outer ramp facies. The inner ramp facies are peritidal,
protected to open marine lagoons, shoals and rudist biostrome facies. The inner ramp facies grade
northward into outer ramp deposits. The upper Barremian-lower Cenomanian succession is subdivided
into nine depositional sequences correlated with those recognized in the neighbouring Tethyan areas.
These sequences are subdivided into 19 medium-scale sequences based on the facies evolution, the
recorded hardgrounds and flooding surfaces, interpreted as the result of eustatic sea level changes and
local tectonic activities of the early Syrian Arc rifting stage. Each sequence contains a lower
retrogradational parasequence set that constituted the transgressive systems tracts and an upper
progradational parasequence set that formed the highstand systems tracts. Nine rudist levels are
recorded in the upper Barremian through lower Cenomanian succession at Gabal Raghawi. At Gabal
Yelleg two rudist levels are found in the Albian. The rudist levels are associated with the highstand
systems tract deposits because of the suitability of the trophic conditions in the rudist-dominated ramp. 相似文献
12.
综合应用测井曲线、岩心、野外露头剖面等资料,分析鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组的层序地层特征及沉积相,在延长组识别出4个三级层序界面,将延长组分为4个三级层序10个体系域,识别出4种主要的沉积体系:扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲及湖泊沉积体系。分析了各体系域沉积体系的平面展布特征,探讨了体系域沉积模式及层序与油气的关系。指出低位体系域中发育的三角洲平原河道及前缘水下分流河道砂体是最主要的储层,水进及高位体系域中发育的浊积岩砂体分布面积大,是潜在的储层、水进和高位体系域中发育的湖相泥、页岩是良好的生油层和盖层,使得陇东地区存在有利的生储盖组合,处于有利的含油气系统之中,具较好的油气勘探前景。 相似文献
13.
琼东南盆地宝岛地区层序地层和砂体展布特征分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以层序地层学理论为基础,通过对地震和测井层序进行分析,在琼东南盆地宝岛地区第三系识别出14个地震层序,并分析了各层序的发育特征.总结了不同体系域砂体类型,对各体系域砂体的空间展布进行了详细分析.并指出有利砂体的分布特征:低水位体系域,砂体主要分布在低水位楔、斜坡扇和盆底扇;高水位体系域,主要分布在三角洲、扇三角洲、海底扇和峡谷水道.研究表明,以层序地层学理论为指导,划分层序和体系域,进而对有利砂体进行预测,对该地区油气勘探有重要指导意义. 相似文献
14.
层序地层中的混合沉积作用及其控制因素 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
简要介绍了硅质碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积有关概念及混合沉积作用类型,分析了层序体系域中的混合沉积作用及其控制因素。总结认为,硅质碎屑与碳酸盐的混合沉积作用不仅发生在低水位体系域（LST）,而且其它各体系域中也都有不同程度的混合沉积现象,但混合沉积作用方式有差别：LST主要为源区混合,陆棚边缘体系域（SMT）和高水位体系域（HST）晚期以间断混合及相混合占优,海浸体系域（TST）早期以间断混合为主。综合研究显示,准层序一级的海平面变化型式差异可能是导致层序体系域混合沉积作用的主要因素,其中,LST、SMT、晚期HST的混合沉积作用分别与准层序一级海平面变化的幅度、速率、位置和持续时间有关,TST则受控于物源供给;先期地形、气候变化（含碳酸盐生产速率影响）或多或少对体系域的混合沉积作用有影响。此外,某些情况下层序体系域的混合沉积作用可能会受到局部构造活动影响,而层序组或超层序内层序体系域的混合沉积作用强弱及其旋回性变化可以提供脉动性区域构造活动信息。 相似文献
15.
山东黄县早第三纪断陷盆地低水位和扩张体系域聚煤作用分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
山东黄县早第三纪断陷盆地充填沉积序列可以划分出三个构造-沉积旋回,而盆地断裂活动是控制盆地充填沉积的主导因素。根据构造-沉积旋回、层序界面和盆地演化特点分析,下第三系共划分出三个层序,层序Ⅱ和层序Ⅲ含煤和含油。低水位体系域和扩张体系域都有聚煤作用发生,而前者最强。聚煤作用中心随盆地沉积层序的不同演化阶段发生迁移,低水位期主要位于盆缘至盆地中心的过渡带,盆地中心也有聚煤作用发生:扩张期聚煤作用中心向盆缘区迁移,且范围缩小:萎缩期聚煤作用最弱,一般在盆地中心区,且分布范围局限。在黄县断陷盆地充填层序中,油页岩可以作为层序中的密集段。 相似文献
16.
研究鄂尔多斯盆地延安组的煤层发育特征,首先建立延安组等时的层序地层格架,进而分析可容空间变化对煤层形成的控制作用。通过分析野外露头、钻孔、测井等资料,识别延安组中发育的关键层序地层界面,将延安组划分为3个三级层序;层序由低位正常湖退、湖侵、高位正常湖退和强迫湖退4个体系域组成,并建立了全盆地范围等时的层序地层格架。研究发现:在等时层序地层格架中,煤层主要发育在层序I、层序Ⅱ湖侵和高位正常湖退体系域的中、晚期和层序Ⅲ的湖侵体系域的晚期;在区域上,盆地北部地势较为平坦,发育中等厚度、区域稳定性较好的煤层,盆地南部发育稳定性较差的厚-巨厚煤层;从滨湖平原到三角洲平原再到河流泛滥平原,厚煤层从位于四级基准面上升半旋回的底部逐渐过渡到中上部。综上可知,不同沉积区可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率达到平衡的位置不同,厚煤层主要发育在二者近似处于平衡状态的位置,并且发育随着沉积相带变化有规律地迁移。 相似文献
17.
陆相前陆盆地沉积充填与层序地层模式探讨——以库车前陆盆地为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以库车前陆盆地为例,对陆相前陆盆地的形成、沉积充填与层序地层结构、不整合面与层序界面、层序地层组成与其模式、生储盖组合与岩性地层圈闭等关键问题进行了探讨。认为前陆层序是盆缘构造运动的响应,由低位(冲积)体系域、湖侵体系域、高位体系域组成。前陆盆地层序界面表现为构造或沉积不整合面,代表了一次构造幕的发生,其层序地层样式是盆缘造山带构造楔推进作用的结果,是盆地演化的不同阶段的响应,反映了构造运动由强到弱的间歇变化。前陆层序界面代表了沉积结构的大转换,之下为构造稳定阶段的湖相泥岩或膏泥岩,之上为代表构造运动的冲积扇—扇三角洲相的巨厚磨拉石沉积充填。在构造活动期和静止期,盆地不同位置形成不同的沉积充填和地层结构特点。构造活动期以低位(冲积)体系域为主,在毗邻造山带侧以巨厚的冲积扇-扇三角洲-辫状河三角洲相等冲积沉积物为主;构造静止期以湖侵体系域为主,为广泛的河流-湖泊相沉积。沉积厚度从靠近冲断带侧向盆地内逐渐变小。陆相前陆盆地的生储盖组合配置好,储集体广泛分布于低位、湖侵和高位体系域中,以辫状河三角洲和滨湖相为主。其岩性地层圈闭主要分布在前缘斜坡带上,包括沿古隆起边缘的地层超覆不整合圈闭和地层削蚀不整合圈闭,将会成为今后油气勘探的新领域。 相似文献
18.
厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组层序地层模式与岩性地层圈闭预测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
应用经典层序地层学方法,通过不整合面、钻测井等标志将厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组划分为5个三级层序;以地层叠置样式、岩性、岩相的变化细分出陆架边缘、海侵和高位体系域。陆架边缘体系域以潮汐水道沉积为特征;海侵体系域以广泛分布的陆棚相泥岩沉积为特征;高位体系域发育加积式陆棚相灰岩沉积。最后识别出潮汐水道砂体、水下浅滩和M1岩性尖灭带3种有利的岩性地层圈闭,综合预测Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组的潮汐水道砂体发育区是最有利的勘探方向。 相似文献
19.
泌阳断陷陆相层序外部构型研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
摘 要 泌阳断陷陆相层序外部构型研究包括层序级别的厘定与划分以及界面的类型及其识
别标志。陆相层序构成单元可分为8个级别前4级属低频层序后4级为高频层序。泌阳
断陷湖盆的3类盆地原型分别形成了3套盆地充填序列及其所对应的3个构造层序 （Ⅰ
ⅡⅢ）;构造层序Ⅱ为该断陷湖盆的沉积充填主体可进一步划分为7个层序组其中在层
序组Ⅱ D （即核三段上） 中可识别出3个层序。陆相层序的体系域具四分性：低水位体系域、
水进体系域、高水位体系域及水退体系域;小层序组有4种基本类型：进积小层序组、低位
加积小层序组、退积小层序组和高位加积小层序组。 相似文献
20.
层序地层学在隐蔽圈闭预测中的应用--以松辽盆地南部为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据松辽盆地南部地区典型的反演地震剖面及典型井的体系域、层序的发育特征,在松辽盆地南部地区共识别出9个层序、12个体系域,并应用层序地层学理论对松辽盆地南部地区青山口组及姚家组隐蔽圈闭进行了预测.研究结果表明:砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭主要分布于青二段及姚二三段高水位体系域;砂岩上倾尖灭岩性圈闭主要分布于姚一段水进及高水位体系域;地层超覆圈闭主要分布于各个水进体系域;断层-岩性圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭可以分布于各个体系域,分别取决于断层和构造发育层位. 相似文献