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作为晚更新世与全新世地层年代测定的一种重要手段,14C测年被广泛应用于地质样品的年代测定。但对于14C数据的系统校正,迄今未得到应有的重视。文章在环渤海海岸带14C数据集(Ⅰ)的基础上,对所收集的421个由其他研究者获得的环渤海海岸带14C数据进行了系统校正。并讨论了百年、千年与万年尺度的14C数据校正效果。结果表明,直接测定值与系统校正值之间的差值常有数百年至两千年的差别。经统一校正的14C年龄,最大限度地接近样品太阳历纪年的“真实”年龄,从而有助于更加准确地重建该地区的晚更新世晚期以来的地质年代史,并可与考古纪年及其他测年方法获得的绝对年龄直接对比。 相似文献
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沉积物14 C的年龄测定一直是第四纪年代学研究的热点。文章对中国干旱、半干旱地区的内蒙古库伦泥炭剖面的泥炭全样、植物残体和孢粉浓缩物进行了AMS 14 C测年比较研究。从泥炭沉积物中提取用于AMS 14 C测年的孢粉浓缩物的关键步骤包括:过筛(125μm,63μm和10μm),重液浮选(比重1.9)及在180倍的体视显微镜下进行手工挑选。测年结果表明:孢粉浓缩物的测年值比同一层位的泥炭沉积物全样或植物残体的测年值老225~340年; 植物残体与孢粉浓缩物的测年结果较为接近。但是,距地表24~27cm处孢粉浓缩物给出了610~780A.D.的年龄值,远老于其下样点的年龄,而泥炭全样为现代样品,二者相差1255年,这可能与该样品孢粉纯度较低、掺杂有一些老碳物质燃烧后形成的微粒杂质有关。因此,提高孢粉纯度对孢粉浓缩物14 C测年至关重要。 相似文献
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环渤海泥质海岸带近30年来获得的600余个放射性碳测年数据,确定了该地区晚更新世晚期以来的基本年代地层序列。但是,对14C数据的系统校正,迄未得到应有的重视,致使在应用14C数据解释地层和地质现象的年代时,存在着一定程度的混乱。文章对作者自己所采集和由国内外有关实验室测定的126个14C数据进行了系统校正,主要步骤包括分馏效应、地区性海洋贮存库效应及大气14C含量变化校正等。建议以-2.68‰PDB作为环渤海晚更新世晚期以来半咸水和开放浅海区(潮间带与潮下带上部)贝壳的地区性δ13C平均值。另外,讨论了在地区性海洋贮存库效应值获得之前的1990年代,以MARINE93与INTCAL93程序的平均校正年龄近似地视作该地区贝壳的校正值,以抵消这一类地区小型水体与大气迅速进行14CO2交换而对年龄值的影响。CALIB4.4校正结果表明,前述近似校正是可行的,其结果仍可沿用。文章经统一校正的年龄,最大限度地接近其太阳历纪年的"真实"年龄,从而有助于更加准确地重建该地区的晚更新世晚期以来的地质年代史,并可与考古纪年及其他测年方法获得的绝对年龄直接对比。 相似文献
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对采自浙江西天目山地区的3株柳杉树盘,交叉定年后,测定了3株树轮δ13C的年序列,分析了3株树轮δ13C序列中所含的共同环境变化信息。用二项式拟合法去除气候因素引起的3个δ13C序列的高频变化,得到3个低频变化序列。分析了theLowDome冰芯记录的大气CO2浓度与树轮δ13C序列低频变化趋势的关系,建立了相应的转移函数,重建了天目山地区1685年以来大气CO2浓度变化。结果表明:用3株树轮δ13C序列重建的结果有较好的一致性,并与南极冰芯的记录及前人研究结果有很好的吻合。这一结果表明用同一地区不同树木个体的树轮δ13C序列的低频变化序列可以重建出基本一致的大气CO2浓度变化历史。 相似文献
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基于大样本14 C测年资料的 华北平原沉积速率研究* 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
华北平原是我国研究程度较高的地区,历年来积累了大量的14 C测年资料。从这些资料中尽可能地提取沉积速率的信息,并进而研究华北平原沉积速率的变化及其与流域自然和人文环境变化之间的关系,是一个有重要意义的问题。利用华北平原456个地点的14 C年龄与样品埋深资料,计算出了各个样品所在层位沉积以来的平均沉积速率(RT),以此来近似反映各地点的平原沉积速率,并据此建立了RT随时间的变化关系。从古至今, RT有明显的增大趋势。以点群的上包线反映各时代的平原最大沉积速率,该指标可以反映华北平原的主体即黄河下游冲积平原的沉积速率。发现了最大平均沉积速率随时间变化过程中的4个突变点,分别为10000aB.P. , 5000aB.P. , 3000aB.P. 和1400aB.P. 。4个突变点将上包线分成5条折线,由此可以将近4万年以来的变化分成5个阶段。从古至今,5条折线的斜率增大,反映了平原沉积的加速过程; 并对4个突变点的成因进行了解释。阶段1,阶段2和阶段3沉积速率的加速是由自然原因造成的; 阶段4和阶段5沉积速率的加速则是由自然和人为原因共同造成的。从456个地点的14 C年龄与样品埋深资料中提取了距今4万年以来华北平原的平均沉积速率的信息,计算出平均沉积速率为0.9mm/a。按此求出,近4万年以来华北平原的沉积总厚度为36m。 相似文献
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宽坪岩群位于北秦岭造山带,主要由广东坪岩组斜长角闪岩、四岔口岩组云母石英片岩及谢湾岩组的大理岩组成。通过LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年研究,宽坪岩群谢湾岩组碎屑锆石年龄为400~3502 Ma,其中最年轻一组的206Pb/238U年龄在380~418 Ma,结合黑云母40Ar/39Ar（370.9±2.0）Ma的变质年龄,表明谢湾岩组形成在晚泥盆世。四岔口岩组碎屑锆石年龄介于512~3598 Ma,最年轻的一组锆石206Pb/238U年龄在512~549 Ma,其黑云母40Ar/39Ar变质年龄为（370.4±1.8）Ma,表明该组形成于512 Ma（早寒武世）之后,晚泥盆世之前,主体很可能形成于早古生代。宽坪岩群是由不同时代的地层和岩片构成,应该进一步解体。宽坪岩群物源来自华北陆块、秦岭造山带和扬子陆块。其变形变质时代为晚泥盆世,代表了北秦岭造山带碰撞造山的结束时代。 相似文献
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《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(15-16):1915-1926
The growing importance of understanding past abrupt climate variability at a regional and global scale has led to the realisation that independent chronologies of past environmental change need to be compared between various archives. This has in turn led to attempts at significant improvements in the required precision at which records can be dated. Radiocarbon dating is still the most prominent method for dating organic material from terrestrial and marine archives, and as such many of the recent developments in improving precision have been aimed at this technique. These include: (1) selection of the most suitable datable fractions within a record, (2) the development of better calibration curves, and (3) more precise age modelling techniques. While much attention has been focussed on the first two items, testing the possibilities of the relatively new age modelling approaches has not received much attention. Here, we test the potential for methods designed to significantly improve precision in radiocarbon-based age models, wiggle match dating and various forms of Bayesian analyses. We demonstrate that while all of the methods can perform very well, in some scenarios, caution must be taken when applying them. It appears that an integrated approach is required in real life dating situations where more than one model is applied, with strict error calculation, and with the integration of radiocarbon data with sedimentological analyses of site formation processes. 相似文献
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本文认为当前第四纪地质与环境变化的基本时间框架已经建立，而研究的进一步深入把提高测年的精确度提到了中心位置。近年来各种测年方法进步的共同特点是显著降低所需的样品用量和提高工效。这均极有利于测年精确度的提高。此外，用两种以上的技术对比测年，采集不同种类的样品对比测年，以及从样品中提取不同的化学和矿物组成分别对比测年，都是保证良好精确度的重要手段。 相似文献
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Palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data from Arbon Bleiche, Lake Constance (Switzerland) give evidence of a rapid rise in lake‐level dated by tree‐ring and radiocarbon to 5320 cal. yr BP. This rise event was the latest in a series of three successive episodes of higher lake‐level between 5550 and 5300 cal. yr BP coinciding with glacier advance and tree‐limit decline in the Alps. This west‐central European climate change may have favoured the quick burial and the preservation of the Alpine Iceman recently found in the Tyrolean Alps. It has possible equivalents in many records from various regions in both hemispheres dating to 5600–5000 cal. yr BP and corresponds to global cooling and contrasting patterns of hydrological changes. This major mid‐Holocene climate event marks the Hypsithermal/Neoglaciation transition possibly resulting from a combination of different factors including orbital forcing, changes in ocean circulation and variations in solar activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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地球表层温度主要由接收的太阳辐射能量及大气温室气体的保温能力共同控制。CO_(2)等温室气体通过对大气温度的调节影响着全球环境气候变化,工业革命以来全球CO_(2)排放量的增加被认为是全球变暖的重要原因,地质历史时期大气CO_(2)浓度的波动与温室和冰室气候的交替出现相对应。地球超过90%的碳赋存于深部,因此地球深部过程的些许波动便会影响到地表碳含量,进而深刻影响着地球的环境气候变化。以往的研究注重地表碳循环对环境气候的影响,对深部碳的贡献考虑不足。最近十余年全球开展了详细的深部碳循环研究,基于已经取得的重要成果,本文从大火成岩省、裂谷和俯冲带的视角对深部碳循环驱动的环境气候效应进行了系统回顾。认为未来的研究需要对地球深部碳循环通量和碳同位素组成进行更精确的定量,这是我们认识深部碳循环对地表环境气候影响的基础;除了碳元素本身我们还需要关注其他挥发性元素和有害金属元素的综合效应;俯冲带作为全球壳-幔相互作用和物质交换循环最重要的场所,应该是进行深部碳循环观察和环境气候效应研究的重点。 相似文献
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由于沉积环境和沉积物类型与成因的差异,第四纪沉积物岩性、组成会随时间变化,并且结构和厚度在空间上也可能发生明显变化,使得长期以来难以测得其准确年代。论文对K/Ar法和40Ar/39Ar法、玻璃陨石法、铀系定年、氨基酸外消旋法、宇宙成因核素法、电子自旋共振定年等各种方法的定年范围和测定对象进行了介绍,分析了第四纪测年方法新进展存在的主要问题和改进途径。要提高所测年代结果的可靠性和准确度,不仅需要丰富的地质工作经验,还需要选择最恰当的定年方法,并且尽可能用多种定年方法进行交叉对比。随着第四纪环境演变及全球气候变化等方面的研究日益受到地质学者的关注,相信第四纪沉积物定年方法在全球气候变化、环境演化等研究领域具有更加广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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Since the 1970s it has been recognised that Southern Hemisphere samples have a lower radiocarbon content than contemporaneous material in the Northern Hemisphere. This interhemispheric radiocarbon offset has traditionally been considered to be the result of a greater surface area in the southern ocean and high-latitude deepwater formation. This is despite the fact that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to play a significant role in controlling the interannual variability of atmospheric carbon dioxide by changing the flux of ‘old’ CO2 from the tropical Pacific. Here we demonstrate that over the past millennium, the Southern Hemisphere radiocarbon offset is characterised by a pervasive 80-yr cycle with a step shift in mean values coinciding with the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. The observed changes suggest an ENSO-like role in influencing the interhemispheric radiocarbon difference, most probably modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, and supports a tropical role in forcing centennial-scale global climate change. 相似文献
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David R. Griffith William R. Martin Timothy I. Eglinton 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(23):6788-6800
Long-term carbon cycling and climate change are strongly dependent on organic carbon (OC) burial in marine sediments. Radiocarbon (14C) has been widely used to constrain the sources, sinks, and processing of sedimentary OC. To elucidate the dominant controls on the radiocarbon content of total organic carbon (14CTOC) accumulating in surface sediments we construct a box model that predicts 14CTOC in the sediment mixed layer (measured as fraction modern, Fm). Our model defines three distinct OC pools (“degradable,” “semi-labile,” and “refractory”) and assumes that 14CTOC flux to sediments is exclusively derived from surface ocean primary productivity, and hence follows a “generic” surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) bomb curve. Model predictions are compared to a set of 75 surface sediment samples, which span a wide geographic range and reflect diverse water column and depositional conditions, and for which sedimentation rate and mixed-layer depth are well characterized. Our model overestimates the Fm value for a majority (65%) of these sites, especially at shallow water depths and for sites characterized by depleted δ13CTOC values. The model is most sensitive to sedimentation rate and mixed-layer depth. Therefore, slight changes to these parameters can lead to a match between modeled and measured Fm values at many sites. Yet, in some cases, we find that measured Fm values cannot be simulated without large and unrealistic changes to sedimentation rate and mixed-layer depth. These results point to sources of pre-aged OC to surface sediments and implicate soil-derived terrestrial OC, reworked marine OC, and/or anthropogenic carbon as important components of the organic matter present in surface sediments. This approach provides a valuable framework within which to explore controls on sedimentary organic matter composition and carbon burial over a range of spatial and temporal scales. 相似文献
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Although recent studies have recognized peatlands as a sink for atmospheric CO2, little is known about the role of Siberian peatlands in the global carbon cycle. We have estimated the Holocene peat and carbon accumulation rate in the peatlands of the southern taiga and subtaiga zones of western Siberia. We explain the accumulation rates by calculating the average peat accumulation rate and the long-term apparent rate of carbon accumulation (LORCA) and by using the model of Clymo (1984, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 303, 605-654). At three key areas in the southern taiga and subtaiga zones we studied eight sites, at which the dry bulk density, ash content, and carbon content were measured every 10 cm. Age was established by radiocarbon dating. The average peat accumulation rate at the eight sites varied from 0.35 ± 0.03 to 1.13 ± 0.02 mm yr−1 and the LORCA values of bogs and fens varied from 19.0 ± 1.1 to 69.0 ± 4.4 g C m−2 yr−1. The accumulation rates had different trends especially during the early Holocene, caused by variations in vegetation succession resulting in differences in peat and carbon accumulation rates. The indirect effects of climate change through local hydrology appeared to be more important than direct influences of changes in precipitation and temperature. River valley fens were more drained during wetter periods as a result of deeper river incision, while bogs became wetter. From our dry bulk density results and our age-depth profiles we conclude that compaction is negligible and decay was not a relevant factor for undrained peatlands. These results contribute to our understanding of the influence of peatlands on the global carbon cycle and their potential impact on global change. 相似文献
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Yao Wang Chi-hui Guo Shu-rong Zhuang Xi-jie Chen Li-qiong Jia Ze-yu Chen Zi-long Xia Zhen Wu 《China Geology》2021,4(2):329-352
In the context of global climate change, geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality. This paper discusses the main problems, opportunities, and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality, as well as China’s response to them. The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories: (1) Carbon emission reduction technology (natural gas hydrate, geothermal, hot dry rock, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen energy); (2) carbon sequestration technology (carbon capture and storage, underground space utilization); (3) key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization (raw materials for energy transformation, carbon reduction technology). Therefore, geosciences and geological technologies are needed: First, actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas, geothermal energy, hydropower, hot dry rock, and key energy minerals, and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas; the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection, carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures, and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters; the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences, organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources, carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory, and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines. The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research. In the future, it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects, enhance the ability of climate adaptation, and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. 相似文献
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Andrew J. Plater 《Geology Today》2000,16(2):63-70
The dating of Quaternary sedimentary records provides detailed information for understanding the response of Earth surface environments to climate change and human activity. Although its roots lie in the most fundamental of geological principles, palaeoenvironmental research is an essential component of present-day global environmental change research. 相似文献