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大同5.6级地震前后的重力场变化和深部动力学过程 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
详细讨论了大同5．6级地震前后重力场变化，并结合该区地震活动性、地震地质特征、地壳深部构造特征等资料，对该区深部动力学过程进行了探讨。认为：地震前后、该区出现了明显、大范围的重力场；产生这种变化的原因是该区地壳深部的低速－高导块体在应力不断的作用下，其塑性物质沿深大断裂上涌和侧向运移，中下地壳间发生层间水平滑移，导致密度发生变化而引起重力场变化。 相似文献
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利用渤海湾及其邻区的10多条地震测深剖面段观测资料，对部分剖面进行二维射线追踪、走时拟合及合成地震图计算，获得了本区地壳上地幔速度结构．结果表明，地壳上地幔结构在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均匀性．在冀中坳陷东北部的永清附近、黄骅坳陷的渤海湾和济阳坳陷的垦利附近存在上地幔隆起，隆起处的地壳厚度分别约为31, 28和29 km．根据地震波动力学及运动学特征和二维速度结构中的地震界面与速度等值线起伏变化，推测该区有3条地壳深断裂带，在地壳深断裂带一侧或两侧上地壳存在5.90～6.10 km/s的低速层(体)． 相似文献
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中国内蒙古高原及周边地带岩石圈三维速度结构 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
我国内蒙古高原和其周边地域地壳与上地幔的专门研究尚属空白，然而全区又为第四纪以来的沙漠所覆盖，地表地质构造亦不十分清晰。本文利用了一种测量面波频散信号的新技术；即适配滤波频时分析和改进的分格随机反演理论与方法从混合路径中提取了４°×４°的计１８个网络中每一个网格单元的纯路径频散，并依据频散反演出该区地表与上地幔的剪切波三维速度结构。结果表明：１．该区地壳为成层结构，Ｍｏｈｏ界面埋深平均为３７±３ｋｍ，并向东减薄，断裂分布与构造迹线在深部均有显示，并存在着一系列北北东向，近北东向和北西向的断裂，且断抵上地幔顶部。２．上地幔亦为成层结构，地幔低速层平均埋深为８５±１０ｋｍ，南部地区则较深，地幔低速层速度均偏低。３．该区地幔盖层似一＂楔板，体向北插入。４．沙漠地带与造山地带相比不论是地壳厚度，还是地幔低速层埋深，前者均比后者浅约±５ｋｍ，该区有着良好的油气前景。 相似文献
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利用新疆地震台网及其毗邻地区的国外地震台站提供的地震Ｐ波到时数据，重建了新疆及其毗邻地区地壳上地幔的三维速度图像．主要结果是：１．研究区地壳上地幔的地震波速度存在明显的横向不均匀性．这种不均匀性出现在不同构造单元之间，也出现在各构造单元之内．２．一般来说，研究区域内盆地是上地幔的隆起区，褶皱系是上地幔的坳陷区．３．岩石层厚度和软流层的深度与全球的平均结果有较大不同．４．海洋岩石层或大陆岩石层板块在兴都库什和克什米尔与中国交界地区的消减明显存在．５．地壳上地幔物质运动比较剧烈，有部分熔融物质上涌到地壳中部或更浅的深度． 相似文献
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漳州盆地及其邻区地壳深部结构的探测与研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
漳州盆地及其邻区地处我国大陆东南沿海地震带中段。通过该地区高分辨率折射及宽角反射，折射地震探测剖面，获得了该区地壳几何结构与速度结构、地壳深浅部断裂的几何形态和构造关系等。结果表明，该区地壳分为上地壳和下地壳。上地壳的厚度为16．5～18．8km，下地壳厚度为12．0～13．0km。上地壳分为上下两部分。在上地壳下部有一个低速层，速度约为6．00km／s，低速层顶面深度为12．0km左右，厚度约为5．0km。下地壳也分为上下两部分。Moho界面的深度为29．0～31．8km。该区6条地壳浅部正断层大部分向地下延伸深度不超过4km，最大延伸深度达5km左右。据推测，浅部正断层下方有一条高倾角地壳深断裂带，该断裂带向下断至Moho面，向上断至上地壳下部低速层中。深浅部断裂构造不相连接。漳州盆地深浅部构造组合特征表明，九龙江断裂带是该区内一条特征明显、具有复杂深浅构造背景的深断裂带。这一深地震探测成果的获得，使得该地区深部资料解释的可靠性和探测精度比以往显著提高；对深浅部构造的组合可作统一解释，地壳的分层和结构特征更为确切和精细；首次发现上地壳的拉张性构造及铲式正断层组合特征，不仅有助于对漳州及其邻区地震危险性的综合判定，而且对深化东南沿海地震带深部动力学过程的认识具有重要意义。 相似文献
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中国及邻区岩石层密度三维结构 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用中国及邻区２×２Ｓ波速地震三维层析成像和３０’×３０’重力资料．首先采用密度差与Ｓ波速差的经验关系式,建立起中国及邻区的岩石层密度初始模型,再利用布格重力异常进行阻尼最小二乘法反演,得到该区岩石层三维密度分布结果．反演结果表明：１．中国地区密度异常分布与大地构造分区有着明显的相关性,高密度区对应古老地块,低密度区对应高原及山区,在不同块体边界存在着密度异常梯级带;２．岩石层地幔密度分布与地壳密度分布特征不一致． 相似文献
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福建沿海地区地壳S波速度结构和泊松比分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文根据福建沿海地区人工地震测深剖面的单分量地震记录，对S波信息进行开发研究，通过对地震记录重新采样，数字处理与分析，获得了该区地壳S波速度模型，结果发现：福建沿海地区的地壳与上地慢S波速度结构可分为三层，即上地壳，中地壳和下地壳；在中地壳普遍发育一层速度为3.4-3.5km/s的低速层，厚度约3－4km；MOHO面深度，泉州以北最浅，仅为28km，宁德以南最深，为32km。结合P波速度模型，我们获得了该区地壳平均泊松（Poisson）比模型，漳州盆地和福州盆地平均泊松比值表现出异常高值，而泉州、淦溪地带的平均泊松比为相对低值，结果显示：泊松比值的大小与断裂交汇区，筘辊地热异常区具有良好的对应关系。 相似文献
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本文应用经典射线理论,编制了速度呈一维纵向变化计算地震波走时和振幅的程序。使用该程序对京津唐地区近震体波动力学和运动学特征进行了初步研究,从而确定了该区的主要波组,并得到较为满意的地壳模型。认为该区速度随深度有比较明显的成层分布规律,且中间地壳可能存在低速层。 相似文献
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O. Hertel C. Ambelas Skjøth L.M. Frohn E. Vignati J. Frydendall G. de Leeuw Uwe Schwarz Stefan Reis 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2002,27(35):1507-1515
The atmospheric chemistry and deposition model has been applied for calculation of nitrogen and sulphur depositions to the entire North Sea area for the year 1999. The total atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur depositions to the North Sea area were determined to 709 kton (kt) N and 551 kt S, respectively. Since the North Sea area was calculated to be 747,988 km2, this is equivalent to an average deposition of 0.9 ton N km?2 and 0.7 ton S km?2, respectively. The depositions decrease strongly from the south end (about 2–3 kt N km?2) to the north end (about 0.2 kt N km?2) of the North Sea, due to increasing distance to the large source areas in the northern part of the European continent. The territorial waters of Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany receive about 50% higher deposition densities than the average value for the entire North Sea area. For the remaining territorial waters of the North Sea the depositions follow more or less the fraction of the area. The results furthermore show that about 60% of the total nitrogen deposition is related to emissions from combustion sources (nitrogen oxides) and about 40% from emissions related to agricultural activities (ammonia). 相似文献
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The eruption of Toba (75,000 years BP), Sumatra, is the largest magnitude eruption documented from the Quaternary. The eruption produced the largest-known caldera the dimensions of which are 100 × 30 km and which is surrounded by rhyolitic ignimbrite covering an area of over 20,000 km2. The associated deep-sea tephra layer is found in piston cores in the north-eastern Indian Ocean covering a minimum area of 5 × 106 km2. We have investigated the thickness, grain size and texture of the Toba deep-sea tephra layer in order to demonstrate the use of deep-sea tephra layers as a volcanological tool. The exceptional magnitude and intensity of the Toba eruption is demonstrated by comparison of these data with the deep-sea tephra layers associated with the eruptions of the Campanian ignimbrite, Italy and of Santorini, Greece in Minoan time. The volume of ignimbrite and distal tephra fall deposit produced in the Toba eruption are comparable, a total of at least 1000 km3 of dense rhyolitic magma. In contrast the volume of dense magma produced by the Campanian and Santorini eruptions are approximately 70 and 13 km3 respectively. Thickness versus distance data on the three deep-sea tephra layers show that eruptions of smaller magnitude than Santorini are unlikely to be preserved as distinct tephra layers in most deep-sea cores. In proximal cores all three tephra layers show two distinct units: a lower coarse-grained unit and an upper fine-grained unit. We interpret the lower unit as a plinian deposit and the upper unit as a co-ignimbrite ash-fall deposit, indicating two major eruptive phases. The Toba tephra layer is coarser both in maximum and median grain size than the Campanian and Santorini layers at a given distance from source. These data are interpreted to indicate a very high cruption column, estimated to be at least 45 km. We have applied a method for estimating the duration of the Toba eruption from the style of graded-bedding in deep-sea tephra layers. Studies of two cores yield estimates of 9 and 14 days. The eruption column height and duration estimates both indicate an average volume discharge rate of approximately 106 m3/sec. The Toba eruption therefore was not only of exceptional magnitude, but also of exceptional intensity. 相似文献
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Gravity measurements were made in the Mailaram copper mines, Andhra Pradesh. The observations were distributed between the two shafts situated about 220 m apart and in the three levels up to a maximum depth of 100 m. Assuming a normal free-air gradient, average densities for the three layers were determined as 2.631, 2.604, and 2.823 g cm-3, respectively. Upon incorporating the weighted mean density values from measurements on samples, the free-air gradients were found to be 0.315 mGal m-1 for the second layer (i.e. between the first and second levels) and 0.2978 mGal m-1 for the third layer (i.e. between the second and third levels). The density variation map obtained from the gravity data, the deduced anomalies, the weighted mean density values from measurements on rock samples, and the varying free-air coefficients all suggest correspondence with the concentration of ore lodes. 相似文献
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太湖叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的相关关系 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
2012年3月至2013年2月逐月对太湖水体叶绿素a含量、主要环境因子及不同门类浮游植物密度进行测定,分析太湖叶绿素a含量和不同门类浮游植物密度的时空分布特征,探讨太湖叶绿素a含量和环境因子与不同门类浮游植物密度之间的相关关系并建立逐步回归方程.结果表明:太湖叶绿素a含量全年平均值为22.33±37.65 mg/m3,变幅为0.48~347.85 mg/m3;叶绿素a含量随季节变化明显,夏季最高、秋冬季次之、春季最低;在空间分布上,太湖北部和西北部最高,东部和南部最低.蓝藻门、隐藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门密度随时间呈峰型变化,均在10月份达到最大值,黄藻门、金藻门和裸藻门密度的变化趋势呈"V"型,在春、冬两季出现较大值;不同门类浮游植物密度基本在西北区出现最大值.全湖叶绿素a含量的显著影响因子有总有机碳、亚硝态氮、溶解氧、pH、水温和磷酸盐;lg(YChl.a)与lg(XTN)呈显著负相关,与lg(XTP)呈极显著正相关,与lg(XN/P)呈极显著负相关.太湖叶绿素a含量与蓝藻门、隐藻门、裸藻门与甲藻门密度有显著相关关系. 相似文献
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Reza Darijani Ali Negarestani Mohammad Reza Rezaie Syed Jalil Fatemi Ahmad Akhond 《Acta Geophysica》2016,64(4):1034-1050
Muon radiography is a technique that uses cosmic ray muons to image the interior of large scale geological structures. The muon absorption in matter is the most important parameter in cosmic ray muon radiography. Cosmic ray muon radiography is similar to X-ray radiography. The main aim in this survey is the simulation of the muon radiography for exploration of mines. So, the production source, tracking, and detection of cosmic ray muons were simulated by MCNPX code. For this purpose, the input data of the source card in MCNPX code were extracted from the muon energy spectrum at sea level. In addition, the other input data such as average density and thickness of layers that were used in this code are the measured data from Pabdana (Kerman, Iran) coal mines. The average thickness and density of these layers in the coal mines are from 2 to 4 m and 1.3 gr/c3, respectively. To increase the spatial resolution, a detector was placed inside the mountain. The results indicated that using this approach, the layers with minimum thickness about 2.5 m can be identified. 相似文献
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本文利用30个基准台所记录的238条长周期面波资料,经过适配滤波和分格频散反演,得到中国大陆及邻区147个分格10-105s的纯路径频散,进而反演出青藏高原及邻近地区深至170km的剪切波三维速度结构.研究表明,青藏高原中西部地区和东部地区的地壳平均厚度分别为70±7km和65±7km,地壳平均剪切波速度分别为3.55和3.62km/s,上地幔顶盖平均速度分别为4.63和4.61km/s; 岩石层厚度均为120±10km;东部地区下地壳内30-40km深度处普遍存在低速层;青藏高原及其东侧的上地幔低速层内有横贯东西且明显向上隆起的低速腔.滇西缅北地区的地壳厚45±5km,上地壳及下地壳内都有低速层;上地幔顶盖的速度为4.42km/s,比青藏高原本体及恒河平原都低.恒河平原地壳厚34±2km,速度平均为3.45km/s;上地幔顶盖厚86±10km,速度平均为4.63km/s,顶盖内55-83km深处有一个低速夹层. 相似文献
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—Methods and the results of estimating the anomalies characterising the density inhomo geneities in the European-Mediterranean upper mantle are described. These anomalies were obtained by subtracting the gravity effect of a crustal density model derived from seismic velocities from the observed gravity field averaging over an area of 1°× 1°. The 3-D density model of the study region comprises two regional layers of varying thickness with lateral variation of average density the sedimentary cover and the crystalline crust. The average densities for model layers were evaluated by using a velocity/density conversion function and taking into account sediment consolidation with depth. Clear correlation between residual gravity anomalies and both velocity heterogeneities and thermal regime data of the upper mantle has been revealed. An agreement of positive anomalies over the Alps, the Adriatic plate and the Calabrian Arc with high velocity domains in the upper mantle and reduced temperatures at the subcrustal layer are caused by lithospheric "roots" and thickened lithosphere below these structures. Gravity residual lows, revealed over the Western Mediterranean Basin and Pannonian Basin, are in correspondence with both low velocities and high temperatures in the upper mantle. These anomalies are the result of the presence of asthenosphere in shallow near-Moho depths below these basins. 相似文献
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Particle track measurements have been made in nearly 500 individual grains from 13 levels in the 54–80 cm depth range of the Apollo 15 deep core. They reveal a wide range of track densities at all depths and some systematic variations within layers, indicating that both predepositional mixing and subsequent layering are present and that separate sub-layers exist within larger regions where no sub-layers are visible. Minimum track densities are inferred to be useful measures of maximum residence times for undisturbed layers. Using the observed minimum track densities we conclude that the average deposition rate in this section of soil column was ≥ 0.4 cm/million years. 相似文献
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Rensheng Chen Ersi Kang Zhihui Zhang Wenzhi Zhao Kechao Song Jishi Zhang Yongchao Lan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(1):9-20
Transpirations of three dominated tree species, namely Mongol Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litvin), White elm (Ulmus pumila) and Gansu Poplar (Populus gansuensis Wang et Yang) in oasis shelter forest (Linze site) and of two dominated tree species, namely Euphrates Poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv.) and Russia olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn.) in lowland desert (Erjinaqi site) have been estimated using measured sapflow in summer, autumn and winter, 2002 and in spring, 2003. An ENVIS System was used for each site to measure microclimate variables, soil moisture and sapflow every half an hour, and the study time scale is one day. In the 104 days of observation during the growing season at the Linze site, the average daily sapflow of Gansu Poplar is 9.93 L· d-1, and the average transpiration per unit leaf area is 1.99 mm · d-1. For White elm tree, the daily average sapflow is 4.08 L· d-1, while the daily average transpiration per unit leaf area is 0.49 mm · d-1. The values for Mongol Scotch Pine are 3.91 L· d-1 and 0.25 mm · d-1, respectively. In the total 73 days of observation during the growing season at the Erjinaqi site, the daily average sapflows of Russia olive and Euphrates Poplar are 12.1 and 20.97 L· d-1, respectively, and the average transpirations per unit leaf area are 0.22 and 0.31 mm · d-1, respectively. In the observation period of the growing season, tree conductances of Mongol Scotch Pine, White elm, Gansu Poplar or Russia olive show an exponential relationship with the daily average air temperature or vapour pressure deficit, but the relationship is not so obvious between tree conductance and global radiation. The transpiration process of each tree species is affected by all the observed four environmental variables. The response of tree conductance to different climatic factors changes with tree species. The effect of the same factor to the same tree species is also variable in different growing stages. The sapflow of every tree species is relatively large in later spring to early summer, and low in summer, and then reaches its largest value in later September. In the mid-November, the sapflow is relatively large, especially the deciduous tree species. This may be characteristic of the tree species in Arid Regions of Northwest China. 相似文献
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In this paper we are proposing an alternative method for determination of density variations of the crust from constrained inversion of the terrestrial gravity data. The main features of the method can be summarized as follows: (i) Constructing a band-pass filter to remove the long and short wavelength signals from the terrestrial gravity data. (ii) Using an iterative method for stabilization and solution of the inverse problem. The mentioned regularization method is first validated by simulated gravity data and next the methodology is used for development of a new regional density variation model of the crust in three layers based on real gravity data in geographical area of Iran. Application of the band-pass filter to the latter data resulted the residual gravitation variations in the range of − 300 to 50 (mGal) which next based on the iterative method resulted following ranges for residual densities: −120 to 40 (kg/m3) in first layer, −40 to 40 (kg/m3) in second layer, and − 40 to 40 (kg/m3) in third layer. 相似文献