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莱州湾凹陷位于渤海南部海域,为中生界基底之上发育的新生代半地堑.郯庐断裂带分东西两支穿过莱州湾凹陷东部,在新生代盖层中表现出渤海最复杂最典型的为NNE向的右旋走滑断裂特征.其中东支断裂在渐新世以后活动强烈,发育多条NNE向走滑断层及NE向伴生断层组成的复杂断裂带.走滑断裂带内断层展布符合右旋单剪作用下的脆性走滑剪切模式,地震方差切片存在右旋运动拖拽断裂证据.通过对主断裂活动期次分析表明,研究区主要有三期大的构造活动,同时形成了三期构造反转.应力分布的局域性导致了形变特征的差异性,产生了褶皱、挤压反转、掀斜断块、花状构造等典型的构造类型.研究区首次利用三维地震资料对本区构造特征进行了分析,研究认为走滑活动形成了良好的构造背景、优越的油源及运移等成藏条件,具有较大的油气勘探潜力. 相似文献
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阳江-一统东断裂是珠江口盆地西部一条重要的NW向区域大断裂,是盆地东西分块的重要分界线。南海北部陆缘在新生代经历了大陆裂谷-裂离-海底扩张-热沉降的过程,阳江-一统东断裂在新生代的活动是这一复杂过程的一部分。对分处断裂两侧的从陆架延伸至洋陆边界的两条NNW向多道地震剖面进行了地质解释,研究了珠江口西部的构造和沉积特征。利用2D-Move软件及构造回剥法建立了平衡剖面模型,计算了断层活动速率,结合构造位置、构造演化史、标志构造和应力分析推断了阳江-一统东断裂在新生代的活动史。结果表明,阳江-一统东断裂可以中部坳陷带为界分为两段,从65Ma到32Ma,断裂整体表现为左旋活动,继承了断裂在中生代时期的先存左旋走滑,其中,在此时期断裂南段主要表现为伸展活动,伴随着轻微的左旋走滑,这种伸展活动控制了云开低凸起的形成和演化;从32Ma到23.8Ma,断裂北段的左旋走滑活动持续,而南段逐渐转为轻微的右旋走滑或左旋活动停止。在23.8Ma之后,断裂南段的右旋走滑活动持续,北段的左旋走滑逐渐停止,或转为轻微的右旋走滑。阳江-一统东断裂的这种走滑旋向的转变可能与在珠江口盆地南部洋陆过渡带区域的岩浆底侵作用有关。根据对盆地构造活动强度和裂谷格架的分析,认为阳江-一统东断裂的新生代活动在珠江口盆地裂谷伸展过程中起到了应力调节的作用。 相似文献
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华北板块东部新生代断裂构造特征与盆地成因 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19
华北板块东部新生代的构造特征及动力学演化主要受左行郯庐断裂带和右行兰考-聊城-台安-大洼-法哈牛断裂带的控制。这两条断裂都是新生代岩石圈断裂。在兰考-聊城-台安-大洼-法哈牛断裂带以西,新生代伸展盆地为NNE走向的铲形正断层控制的箕状断陷;两断裂之间为北断南超的NWW走向的断陷盆地;郯庐断裂以东的北黄海盆地为南断北超的Nww走向的断陷盆地。这些构造特征继承了该区中生代的构造格局,但其构造性质发生了根本变化,在这两条走滑方向相反的断裂带控制下,这两条断裂带内古近纪以张扭作用下的裂陷为主,随后以伸展断陷为主,第四纪沿两断裂带局部发生挤压,而鲁西地块和渤海湾盆地区仍然为伸展正断。渤海湾盆地及邻区这些新生代复杂的断块或断裂构造格局受控于应力-应变-基底格局3个基本要素。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带及其周缘中新生代盆地发育特征 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
郯庐断裂带作为中国东部滨太平洋地区一条巨型走滑构造带，对其周缘中、新生代盆地的发育、演化起着重要的控制作用。随着太平洋板块俯冲方向从NNW向NW到NWW的变化，郯庐断裂带的活动方式逐步从中生代左行走滑-左行斜向滑动过渡到早第三纪以左行斜向-倾向滑动，晚第三纪-第四纪转为倾滑-右行斜向滑动-右行走滑。走滑活动经历了一个循序渐进的周期演变过程。随着郯庐断裂活动方式的演变，其周缘中、新生代盆地的发育逐渐向北迁移，其中南段周缘盆地主要为中生代盆地，中段周缘盆地主要为中、新生代叠加盆地，中北段周缘盆地主要为早第三纪盆地。每个盆地都经历了拉分(伸展)裂陷到挤压反转的演化过程。此外，在同一时期、同一区域剪切应力场作用下，不同区段因其走向变化导致局部应力场变化，在增压弯曲部位发生会聚、挤压、隆升；而释压拉张部位发生离散、伸展、沉降，从而盆地发育。 相似文献
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南沙西部海域伸缩右旋走滑双重构造系统及其动力学过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
刘海龄 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1999,19(3):11-17
万纳断裂带为一典型的右旋走滑系统,由其南段前锋的拉奈－沙捞越走滑－收缩叠瓦房,北段尾端的南海西南次海盆西南端走滑－伸展叠瓦扇和中段的万安盆地走滑－拉分双重构造所组成,其动力主要源自中生代末以来华南－印支陆缘岩的拆沉作用和南海海底扩张,它的直 拉分作用直接导了万安盆地的产生,对该海域油气等资源的形成与聚集起了重要的控制作用。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,(5)
以构造变形为核心的内动力过程和以沉积"源–汇"过程为核心的外动力过程,如何动态塑造盆地精细地貌景观,是油气精准勘探必须突破的关键技术。本研究以南海北部陆缘珠江口盆地的阳江凹陷为例,试图探索NW向阳江–一统暗沙深大断裂带对周缘新生代沉降中心分布的控制作用。为此,本文采用Badlands沉积数值模拟方法,定量分析阳江–一统暗沙断裂带的运动学特征,模拟阳江凹陷新生代地层构造-沉积耦合过程。模拟结果显示,阳江–一统暗沙断裂带在始新世末期是一条左行走滑断裂带,其走滑过程主要可分为两个阶段。其中,在早期慢走滑阶段,走滑位移量约800 m,沿断裂带走滑方向,恩平19洼的沉降中心发生迁移;在后期快走滑阶段,走滑位移量约1 200 m,模拟剖面可识别出明显的花状构造,恩平19洼的沉降中心加速向北迁移,并发生逆时针旋转。 相似文献
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南沙西部海域伸缩型右旋走滑双重构造系统及其动力学过程 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
刘海龄 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1999,19(3):11-18
万纳断裂带为一典型的右旋走滑系统,由其南段前锋的拉奈—沙捞越走滑－收缩叠瓦扇、北段尾端的南海西南次海盆西南端走滑－伸展叠瓦扇和中段的万安盆地走滑－拉分双重构造所组成,其动力主要源自中生代末以来华南—印支陆缘岩石圈的拆沉作用和南海海底扩张,它的走滑拉分作用直接导致了万安盆地的产生,对该海域油气等资源的形成与聚集起了重要的控制作用。 相似文献
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基于渤海辽北地区钻井资料和三维地震资料精细解释，对走滑断裂发育特征开展精细研究，并进一步完成对走滑转换构造的宏观判识和精细刻画，总结走滑转换构造对圈闭样式的差异控制作用。研究结果表明：(1)辽北地区断裂体系整体表现出强烈的右旋走滑性质，在走滑断裂叠接带、弯曲、尾端等构造位置，因构造应力调整而发育大量走滑转换构造；(2)依据走滑转换带的力学性质划分为增压型和释压型2大类，每一大类依据断裂空间展布关系进一步细化为单支弯曲型和双支叠复型，其中，单支弯曲型表现为单条走滑断层平面呈现“S”型变形，双支叠复型则表现为右旋左阶或右旋右阶；(3)增压型和释压型走滑转换构造控制发育的圈闭类型分别以断背斜和断块构造圈闭为主，增压型走滑转换构造控制的圈闭相对于释压型具有更大的勘探潜力。该研究丰富了走滑转换构造体系，填补了辽北地区走滑转换构造研究的空白，对渤海海域郯庐走滑断裂带油气勘探具有一定的借鉴指导意义。 相似文献
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南昆嵩地区是万安盆地西部负向构造单元,其中部N–S向断裂贯穿南北,独特的构造特征使其成为研究万安盆地西部构造演化与区域断裂走滑活动的窗口。将研究区沉积地层划分为3套构造层,通过回剥法绘制南昆嵩地区构造–沉积充填剖面,并计算南昆嵩地区构造沉降量以及构造沉降速率,论述南昆嵩地区构造演化史与沉降过程以及控制因素。研究结果表明:下部构造层和中部构造层中断裂组合样式主要为卷心型断层、“Y”型断层、阶梯状断层和高角度花状构造等,断裂延伸方向大致可分为:N–S向、W–E向和NE–SW向3种;上部构造层断裂不发育,为稳定沉积;在区域走滑断裂以及南海扩张运动的控制下,南昆嵩地区始新世以来构造演化经历4个阶段:初始裂谷期、伸展断拗期、走滑改造期和热沉降期,新生代地层构造性质也表现为以伸展与走滑作用为主–走滑断裂控制–热沉降的三段式转变。 相似文献
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Until recently, vessel collisions with small cetaceans were presumed rare, mainly as a consequence of limited reporting. Observations on dolphin wound healing from propeller strike injuries also remain scarce. We present an extreme case of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with multiple propeller wounds, including a penetration to the bone, where survival was possible for at least 23 days post injury. We used photographic records in conjunction with field observations to describe wound progression in the absence of treatment. Considering the severity of the wounds, it was surprising that the injuries were not immediately fatal. A practical solution remains to be found for the problem of odontocete vessel collisions, in particular for small highly mobile species using neritic waters. In view of the ongoing problem in the Hauraki Gulf and, indeed, worldwide, we recommend continued evaluation of cases and reporting of incidents, in addition to investigations into mechanisms that may reduce the risk of occurrence of vessel collisions with cetaceans. 相似文献
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Randall ReevesCheryl Rosa J.Craig GeorgeGay Sheffield Michael Moore 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):454-462
The objective of this paper was to investigate and illustrate how insights gained from experience managing human activities in order to protect North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) along the heavily industrialized east coast of North America might be applied in the Arctic, where bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) face some of the same risks as right whales. The reduced extent and thickness of sea ice and the resultant longer open-water season have major, complex implications for the Arctic marine ecosystem. Increased maritime ship traffic and commercial fishing in the Arctic are bound to affect bowheads and Native (indigenous) hunting communities who depend on whales for subsistence and cultural identity. Bowheads and right whales were greatly depleted by commercial whaling in the 19th and early 20th centuries. While the Western Arctic bowhead population has been recovering steadily in recent decades, North Atlantic right whales remain highly endangered because of persistent lethal and sublethal vessel strikes and frequent entanglement in commercial fishing gear. Entanglement can be transitory or persistent, with debilitation lasting for months before the animal finally succumbs. Vessel strike and fishing gear trauma has been documented in bowheads, but at a much lower rate than in right whales. Initiatives intended to mitigate the impacts of ship traffic on North Atlantic right whales have included speed limits and routing changes. Those meant to reduce the incidence and severity of entanglements include the modification of gear design and gear deployment practices. Management measures need to be considered in advance in the Arctic in order to minimize the risks to bowhead whales as shipping and industrial fishing expand in the Arctic with ice retreat. 相似文献
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1994年,中日双方合作在南海北部开展了海洋三分量磁测实验工作,采用日本东京大学地震研究所新研制的船载三分量磁力仪（Shipboard Three Component Magnetmeter,STCM）在南海北部海盆成功获得了6条共约2 500km的三分量磁测资料。本文根据前人的研究思路实现了对实测三分量磁测资料的处理分析,改进了补偿圆滑滤波算法,首次提出了比原方法更加综合直观表示测区各种磁边界状况的磁边界走向图（Magnetic boundary strike diagram, MBSD）法,并且将处理结果与南海北部海盆已识别的磁条带及其他一些典型地质现象进行了对比分析,发现本方法所揭示出的二维及三维磁边界与南海的实际地质状况有良好的吻合关系,这表明该方法可以有效处理所采集的三分量磁测资料并对研究海底磁性构造体性质有帮助。 相似文献
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南沙超壳层块边界断裂的运动学与动力学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南沙超壳层块被性质不同的超壳断裂所围限,北张南压,东西剪切,共同以南沙软流圈顶面为拆离面而系统运动。其新生代动力学过程可分为四个阶段:K2—E12,北界伸展,古南海向南俯冲,西布增生楔形成;E22—E13,西南海盆扩张,西布增生楔碰撞造山;E23—N11,中央海盆扩张,米里增生楔形成,北巴拉望南缘“A型”俯冲;N21—现在,南部边界大规模逆冲推覆造山,南海扩张停止 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献