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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(4)
循环水养殖系统在凡纳滨对虾种虾养殖中应用较少,本研究应用循环水养殖系统养殖凡纳滨对虾种虾,设定4个不同的养殖密度(30、40、50、65尾/m2),初始体重:(0.102±0.008)g,研究凡纳滨对虾种虾在循环水养殖系统中的生长情况。养殖期间定时对对虾体重和水体指标(氨氮、亚硝酸氮、pH、水温、微生物)进行分析测定。通过对各项数据分析表明:低密度组(30、40、50尾/m2)凡纳滨对虾体重增长较快,各组特定生长率分别为(3.83±0.03)%、(3.87±0.01)%、(3.81±0.03)%,绝对增重率分别为(0.201±0.009)、(0.214±0.004)、(0.194±0.009)g/d,但均无显著性差异(P0.05);高密度组(65尾/m2)的凡纳滨对虾体重增长较慢,特定生长率和绝对增重率分别为(3.41±0.02)%和(0.107±0.004)g/d,该结果与低密度组间存在显著性差异(P0.05)。低密度组中凡纳滨对虾养殖水体的水质指标要优于高密度组,4个密度组中氨氮、亚硝酸氮、绿菌均维持在安全浓度范围内,仅仅黄菌数量略高。综合分析,采用该养殖系统养殖凡纳滨对虾的最优密度为50尾/m2。因此,本研究可为循环水养殖系统养殖凡纳滨对虾种虾提供参考。 相似文献
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三疣梭子蟹与凡纳滨对虾混养实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用海水陆基围隔实验方法探讨三疣梭子蟹和凡纳滨对虾混养的适宜配比和水环境的变化,并比较其养殖效果.实验中对虾6个放养密度分别为0,15,45,75,105,135 尾/m~2;三疣梭子蟹的密度为6尾/m~2.实验结果表明,经过60 d的养殖,混养组梭子蟹的成活率、规格和净产量均优于梭子蟹单养组,其中,混养对虾密度为45尾/m~2组(45.71%,43.22 g/ind,1 191 kg/hm~2)最高,其次是75尾/m~2组(44.58%,39.13 g/ind,1 050 kg/hm~2),梭子蟹单养组(35.13%,32.87 g/ind,693 kg/hm~2)最低.混养6尾/m~2密度梭子蟹条件下,对虾的养成规格和成活率与对虾密度呈负相关.实验后期各混养组水体中总氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和总氮含量均显著高于单养组,且随对虾放养密度增高显著上升.水体总氨氮含量各混养组在养殖50 d后均超过500 μg/L.本实验表明:三疣梭子蟹与凡纳滨对虾混养的最佳配比为三疣梭子蟹6尾/m~2,对虾45～75尾/m~2. 相似文献
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研究了凡纳滨对虾集约化养殖池塘中挂设不同密度的纳米生态基对养殖水质及对虾生长的影响。试验共使用12口养殖池,生态基的挂设密度分别为0.029,0.043和0.058 m2/m3水体,以不挂设纳米生态基的养殖池为对照。结果表明,挂设纳米生态基能明显降低养殖水体的氨氮、亚硝氮和COD含量,挂设生态基处理组池塘水体中氨氮与对照组之间差异显著(P0.05),亚硝氮在试验第7 d后差异显著(P0.05);纳米生态基能较好的稳定池塘水体的DO水平,增氧时DO增加速度与挂设生态基的密度成正比,增氧关闭时DO减小速度与挂设生态基的密度成反比;生态基能提高凡纳滨对虾产量并有效降低其饵料系数,对虾产量分别比对照组高出0.8%,15.3%,3.2%,饵料系数分别降低17%,40%,26%。当对虾放苗密度为150尾/m2时,在本研究设计的梯度范围内,生态基的最佳挂设密度为0.043 m2/m3水体。 相似文献
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两种虾、贝、藻综合养殖模式的初步比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和孔石莼(Ulva pertusavar)与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)以2种方式搭配放养,旨在查明其各自的生态特征及养殖效果。实验中对虾设2个放养密度,分别为17尾/m2和34尾/m2;牡蛎、石莼各设1个放养密度,分别为1 700 g/m2,140 g/m2。实验结果表明,经过50 d的实验,2个密度下对虾的生长均是混养明显快于分养模式(高密度混养与分养对虾体重分别为(7.04±0.19)g,(5.20±0.22)g;低密度混养与分养对虾体重分别为(7.89±0.34)g,(5.66±0.30)g)。总产量也是混养模式稍高于分养模式[高密度混养与分养对虾产量分别为(330.92±8.91)g,(189.47±8.05)g;低密度混养与分养对虾产量分别为(264.97±11.46)g,(135.82±7.27)g]。混养模式水体中的浮游植物的含量高于分室循环水模式中的含量,其它水化学指标间没有明显差异。分养循环水模式下虾室中水体过清、透明度过高,从而导致水中光照强度和光色的变化可能是其中对虾生长较慢的主要原因。 相似文献
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微孔管增氧和气石增氧对凡纳滨对虾室内养殖影响的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在凡纳滨对虾室内养殖池底部分别铺设微孔管和安装气石,在供氧功率相同的情况下比较微孔管增氧与气石增氧对凡纳滨对虾室内养殖产生的影响.研究表明:在养殖中后期微孔管增氧组的水温低于气石增氧组;从养殖60 d左右到养殖结束微孔管增氧效果明显优于气石增氧;亚硝酸氮、氨氮、非离子氨氮、无机磷与COD含量在2种增氧条件下没有显著性差异(P＞0.05);凡纳滨对虾体重变化、最终产量与成活率在2种增氧条件下没有显著性差异(P＞0.05);凡纳滨对虾血清溶菌酶活力、过氧化物酶相对活力、抗菌酶活力在微孔管增氧条件下较高并达到了显著性差异(P＜0.05);超氧化物歧化酶活力则在气石增氧条件下较高且达到显著性差异(P＜0.05);酚氧化酶活力在2种增氧条件下不存在显著性差异(P＞0.05). 相似文献
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采用流水装置测定去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾 (Litopenaeusvannamei)耗氧率昼夜节律的影响。实验水温为 2 5℃± 0 .5℃ ,实验虾规格为 (2 .2 6 6± 0 .0 13) g。实验结果表明 :1、去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾耗氧率的高峰和低峰发生的时间产生影响。正常组对虾耗氧率的高峰多发生在夜间 ,低峰多发生在日间 ;去眼柄后 ,对虾耗氧率的高峰和低峰则大都发生在日间 ;2、去眼柄对虾的日间和夜间的平均耗氧率差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而正常对虾夜间平均耗氧率显著高于日间 34.79% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;3、去眼柄对对虾的平均耗氧率未产生显著的影响(P >0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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不同养殖密度对我国热带地区集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾水质和成活率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
报道了在我国热带地区集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei不同放养密度下水体pH值、溶解氧(DO)、总碱度(TA)、化学需氧量(COD)、生物化学需氧量(BOD)、硫化氢(H2S)、亚硝酸态氮(NO2-NT)、氨态氮(NH4-NT)及弧菌活菌总浓度(Concentration of Live Vibrio,CLV)的变化特征及其与对虾死亡之间的关系,并比较了70、100、120、150尾.m-2不同养殖密度下的养殖成活率。通过几种主要水质因子变化与对虾死亡数之间的相关性分析,结果表明,DO、H2S、NO2-NT、NH4-NT和CLV等5种水质指标与对虾大量死亡存在显著的线性相关,其中DO为负相关,其余为正相关。而pH、TA、COD、BOD与对虾死亡数无显著相关性。4种养殖密度下的成活率分别为80.44%、75.16%、51.74%和44.43%。建议我国热带地区集约化养殖凡纳滨对虾的合理密度为70—100尾.m-2。 相似文献
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投放双齿围沙蚕养殖中国明对虾实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在养殖中国对虾的围隔内投放不同密度(0kg·m-2,0．4kg·m-2,0．8kg·m-2,1．2kg·m-2)双齿围沙蚕,定时监测水体总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝氮、透明度、DO等指标。实验结束时计量养殖效果。结果表明:总体上,投放沙蚕的处理组对虾产量高于末投放沙蚕的对照组,饵料系数显著低于对照组(p<0．05)．其中0．4kg·m-2沙蚕处理组对虾产量最高[(165．4±8．7)g／m2],水质最佳。随着沙蚕密度增大,国格内TAN、亚硝氮、pH均上升且不稳定,这可能是致使对虾成活率下降的一个原因。投放沙蚕对透明度也有影响。依据实验结果认为,双齿围沙蚕促进了沉积物无机氮向水体释放,进而加速浮游植物的繁殖速率。沙蚕密度过人,可引起对虾成活率下降,建议沙蚕密度控制为0．2～0．6kg·m-2。 相似文献
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2011年4～9月期间对养殖系统N、P营养盐含量进行连续采样分析,比较刺参单养(S池塘)和刺参-对虾复合养殖(SS池塘)2种模式养殖系统水体、沉积物、底泥营养盐的动态变化及循环过程。结果表明,水体中总氮(TN)含量为:S池塘(1.16±0.13)～(2.64±0.09)mg·L-1;SS池塘(1.24±0.08)～(2.55±0.09)mg·L-1。水体中总磷(TP)含量为:S池塘(0.03±0.01)～(0.08±0.01)mg·L-1;SS池塘(0.03±0.01)～(0.09±0.02)mg·L-1。水体中总无机氮(DIN)含量为:S池塘(0.10±0.03)～(0.32±0.05)mg·L-1;SS池塘(0.16±0.03)～(0.45±0.02)mg·L-1。3种营养盐浓度并未随着养殖活动的进行而持续升高,反而下降,说明这2种养殖模式均不会增加养殖水体营养盐负荷。2个池塘底泥的TN、TP含量从实验开始到结束均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),说明这2种养殖模式均不会增加养殖池塘底泥N、P营养盐的积累。各营养盐指标相关分析结果显示,两池塘底泥氨氮与水体氨氮呈显著负相关(P<0.05),说明氨氮在池塘底泥与水体之间存在交换作用,并且刺参和对虾的扰动作用可能促进这一交换过程。8和9月刺参处于夏眠期,SS池塘水体颗粒氮(PN)显著低于S池塘(P<0.05),水体颗粒物的沉积通量也相对增大,底泥氨氮含量显著低于S池塘(P<0.05),而水体氨氮、DIN、TN浓度均高于S池塘,说明刺参-对虾复合养殖池塘中,因混养对虾的生物沉积与扰动作用,加强了养殖系统内水体与底泥之间的偶联作用,加快了营养盐的循环过程,防止营养盐在底泥的连续积累造成的养殖环境恶化。 相似文献
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During October 2003 an intensive oceanographic survey (BIOMEGA) was carried out in the Alboran Sea, coinciding with a migration event of the Western Alboran Sea Gyre (WAG). The observations gathered during that cruise constitute the first field evidence of a migrated stage of the WAG. In this work we present the main differences between the 3D hydrodynamic fields observed during BIOMEGA and those corresponding to a WAG located at its usual position. The migration of the gyre was followed by satellite (altimetry and sea surface temperature) imagery. The causes of the gyre migration are explored in terms of the quasi-geostrophic tendency equation, in particular of the dynamics governing scales larger than the Rossby radius of deformation. It is shown that the steady state gyre must be almost equivalent barotropic and that the key process to break down the stationarity would be a density advection at gyre scale. The mechanisms to explain the migration of the WAG proposed by previous authors are discussed in light of the explanation proposed in this work. 相似文献
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This paper is a brief review of the work carried out by the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) in measuring tides and sub-surface pressure variations in the deep water of the ocean basins using Bottom Pressure Recorders (BPRs). It deals particularly with the work of David Cartwright which he began in the early 1970s and carried out until he left POL in 1986 but is continued by his co-workers of that time.The paper mentions the early work in the north Atlantic when instrument deployments were limited to one month duration and describes what was achieved from the measurements. It concentrates mainly on measurements that were made since the early 1980s when it became possible, because of developments in instrument technology, to achieve individual measurements lasting for one year or more. The results obtained from these measurements are described and some interesting features of the spectrum of the pelagic sub-surface pressure are discussed.As instrument technology further improved, it became possible to study low frequency variations in sub-surface pressure. The contributions made by POL to studies of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and the contribution to ocean circulation studies during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are discussed. This led to the development of an instrument capable of operating continuously at ocean depths for five years. The preliminary results from a four year deployment of this instrument which was completed in November 1996 are included. 相似文献
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Design and Implementation of the Hydrographic Production and Management Information System (HYPAMIS)
With the development of hydrographic work and information techniques, the traditional work mode is not suitable for the Chinese Marine Safety Administration Bureau (CMSAB). Aiming at the separation of charts production and management, a new idea that is the integration of production, management, and quality control is presented. Geographic Information System (GIS), Management Information System (MIS), Office Automation (OA) and Spatial Database Management (SDM) advanced techniques are introduced into the workflows in CMSAB. To realize information sharing, a mixed mode with Browser/Server (B/S) mode and Client/Serve (C/S) mode are adopted. Based on the above ideas and strategies, an integrated system named Hydrographic Production And Management Information System (HYPAMIS) was developed. The whole workflow and three subworkflows including survey management workflow, production workflow, and quality control workflow of are outlined after re-engineering the CMSAB organization. Some design principles and key techniques of the HYPAMIS including the cooperation of GIS and MIS, object-oriented spatial data model and management, data management based on database, and security control are illustrated in detail. Then the implementation of the system is introduced briefly. Finally, performance evaluation of the system and future work is given. 相似文献
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Design and Implementation of the Hydrographic Production and Management Information System (HYPAMIS)
With the development of hydrographic work and information techniques, the traditional work mode is not suitable for the Chinese Marine Safety Administration Bureau (CMSAB). Aiming at the separation of charts production and management, a new idea that is the integration of production, management, and quality control is presented. Geographic Information System (GIS), Management Information System (MIS), Office Automation (OA) and Spatial Database Management (SDM) advanced techniques are introduced into the workflows in CMSAB. To realize information sharing, a mixed mode with Browser/Server (B/S) mode and Client/Serve (C/S) mode are adopted. Based on the above ideas and strategies, an integrated system named Hydrographic Production And Management Information System (HYPAMIS) was developed. The whole workflow and three subworkflows including survey management workflow, production workflow, and quality control workflow of are outlined after re-engineering the CMSAB organization. Some design principles and key techniques of the HYPAMIS including the cooperation of GIS and MIS, object-oriented spatial data model and management, data management based on database, and security control are illustrated in detail. Then the implementation of the system is introduced briefly. Finally, performance evaluation of the system and future work is given. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The International Whaling Commission's (IWC) Scientific Committee provides important advice to the IWC on a large variety of cetacean species, sub-species and populations and the issues affecting them. Cetaceans are facing increasing, non-whaling-related threats, and the Scientific Committee (SC), in accordance with the Commission's requests, has strengthened its conservation-oriented research work. A selection of the reports of the Scientific Committee from between 1986 and 2012 was assessed for its: (i) fundamental research; (ii) management; (iii) conservation; and (iv) administrative content, and to identify potential trends over time. Recommendations and their urgency were also examined, as implied from the language used by the SC in its reports. The analysis showed that the work of the Scientific Committee has increasingly been oriented towards conservation issues over the period reviewed, but at the same time this conservation work has received little funding. Increased support for conservation-related research projects is warranted to promote the long-term survival of cetaceans. Based on this review of the content and focus of the Committee reports, the analysis suggested that its issued advice be made clearer, whenever possible, and governments are urged to give due consideration to this science-based advice particularly when urgent conservation actions are needed. In addition, more consistent funding of the IWC's conservation-related research should be pursued to improve international conservation outputs regarding cetacean populations. 相似文献
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蛋白质三级拓扑结构对热稳定性贡献的初步探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
搜集来自数据库和文献的127个已测定熔解温度和PDB结构的热稳定蛋白,计算了每个蛋白PDB结构的9种拓扑参数,并对各个参数与其自身熔解温度做了线性相关性分析。现有数据结果表明只有CC这个参数与Tm的相关性系数达到了0.33。CC参数表征蛋白结构作为天然接触的网络来处理时的簇系数,因此这一关系表明组成蛋白的基团接触的越紧密,蛋白的热稳定性就越高,这与之前的研究结论相一致。而其它的参数没有发现与Tm有显著的关系。作者从拓扑结构这个方面进行研究为蛋白质的热适应机理研究提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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