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亚甲基蓝对南美白对虾(Pemaeus vannamei Boon)幼体的毒性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了亚甲基蓝对南美白对虾蚤状幼体、糠虾幼体及仔虾的急性毒性。结果表明,不同发育期的幼体,仔虾对此种消毒剂的耐受力不同。亚甲基蓝对南美白对虾蚤状幼体(Z)的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为:2.88×10-6,0.89×10-6,0.025×10-6;对糠虾幼体(M)的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为:3.39×10-6,1.04×10-6,0.029×10-6;对仔虾(P)的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为:6.76×10-6,2.24×10-6,0.073×10-6。 相似文献
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用不同药物治疗凡纳对虾状幼体黏脏病 ,结果表明 :用浓度为 3× 10 - 6 养虾丹、混合施用 0 .15× 10 - 6 次氯酸钠 + 1.5mg/L土霉素或 0 .0 1× 10 - 6 的亚甲基蓝 + 1.5mg/L土霉素可治疗凡纳对虾幼体黏脏病 相似文献
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对虾养殖池水域环境细菌的动态变化 总被引：49，自引：0，他引：49
于1990年6月下旬-10月初期间，每隔7－10d在大连市金州区董家沟镇养虾场突池定点采样一次，3h内带回实验室进行细菌培养计数，研究对虾养殖池水域环境中细菌的动态变化。结果表明，对虾养殖池水中异养菌和弧菌的数量变化与水温的变化趋势相同；6—7月末，细菌增长比较缓慢；8月初开始，细菌数量增长较快，8月中旬达到全年的最高值，异养菌为3．4×105cell／ml，弧菌为1．9×105cell／ml；而后随着水温的下降，水中细菌逐渐减少。底记泥浆中，细菌数量一直呈上升趋势，不受水温的影响；异养菌最高达6×107cell／ml，弧菌达1．5×106cell／ml。 相似文献
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液化天然气接收站取排水过程的卷载效应、冷冲击效应和余氯效应均会对渔业资源造成一定影响。文章以温州LNG接收站工程为例,根据2017年11月在工程附近海域的渔业资源现状调查资料,定性分析了取排水对渔业资源的影响,并对卷载效应和余氯排放造成的渔业资源损失进行定量估算。温州LNG接收站工程建成投产近期运行期间,将造成鱼卵损失量为1.45×107 ind./a,仔鱼损失量为1.66×107ind./a,鱼类幼体损失量为7.56×104 ind./a,虾类幼体损失量为8.68×104 ind./a,蟹类幼体损失量为0.04×103 ind./a。 相似文献
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中国对虾幼体致病菌哈维氏弧菌的分离及其生物学特性研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
于1996年4—5月,在青岛丰城地区一些对虾育苗场发生大规模爆发性传染病,主要感染中国对虾幼体,尤其是蚤状幼体。死亡率高达80％以上。从自然发病及人工感染患病濒死中国对虾幼体中分离出38株细菌,研究其形态特征,生理、生化特性及对中国对虾幼体的致病性。结果表明,38株分离物均为革兰氏阴性杆菌,菌体为杆状或短杆状,极生单鞭毛运动,不发光,氧化酶呈阳性,发酵葡萄糖产酸,TCBS平板上生长,菌落呈黄色或绿色,对弧菌抑制剂0／129（150g／ml）敏感,此均为弧菌属的典型特征,属于弧菌。其中26株细菌被归为同一类群,参照伯杰氏细菌学鉴定手册（1994年,第9版）鉴定表明,该菌同哈维氏弧菌（Vibrioharveyi）最为接近;另外,Biolog系统鉴定表明也为哈维氏弧菌,因此定名为哈维氏弧菌。利用浸泡感染法以2．5×103—2.5×107cfu／ml浓度的细菌感染不同发育时期（无节幼体期、蚤状期、糠虾期和仔虾期）的中国对虾幼体。结果表明,该病原菌主要感染中国对虾幼体的无节幼体晚期、蚤状期和糠虾早期并导致其大量死亡,而在仔虾期感染死亡率较低,并且2．5×104cfu／ml以上浓度的病原菌即可导致蚤状幼体严重感染死亡,由此可见,所分离的致病菌对中国对虾蚤状期幼体具有较强的致病力。人工感染试验结果 相似文献
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敌百虫对虾池生物的毒性 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究了敌百虫对青岛大扁藻、三角褐指藻、球等鞭金藻和海洋原甲藻等4种海洋微藻及天津厚蟹、脊尾白虾和克氏纺锤水蚤等3种野生甲壳类 ,以及中国对虾、缢蛏和台湾红罗非鱼等3种养殖生物的毒性。研究结果表明 :敌百虫在低浓度下对海洋微藻的生长没有明显影响 ,在一定浓度范围内甚至有促进作用 ,但超过一定浓度范围能完全抑制海洋微藻的生长。各种海洋微藻对敌百虫的敏感性不同。对3种野生甲壳类的半致死浓度分别为 :天津厚蟹LTD50(96h)为1.25×10-6;脊尾白虾LTD50(12h)为0.05×10-6;克氏纺锤水蚤LTD50 (48h)为0.063×10-6。敌百虫对3种养殖生物的半致死浓度分别为 :中国对虾LTD50(48h)为0.060×10-6;缢蛏LTD50(72h)为18.79×10-6;台湾红罗非鱼LTD50(72h)为36.35×10-6。文中还对敌百虫作为对虾病毒病预防药物的价值进行了探讨。 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了1988年寿光县对虾养殖期间(5～9月)水环境和底泥环境中微生物种群的变化。据不同的地理位置,选择不同的养殖虾池;分别将水样和底泥环境中的弧菌、异养菌,及硫酸盐还原菌进行培养、分离计数。据对虾养殖期5个月的数据分析,不同的养殖虾池有不同的菌数波动范围。底泥与水环境中的菌数分布各有不同。异养菌在水样中的分布最高值为736×10~2个/ml,最低值为268.1×10~2个/ml;湿泥样中的最高值为372.7×10~4个/g最低值为125.9×10~4个/g。弧菌在水样中的最高值为12.33×10~2个/ml,最低值为0.5×10~4个/ml。据综合资料分析,对虾养殖池中的各种细菌分布,底泥高于水样,高温季节高于低温季节。底泥和水环境中有机物的含量与细菌数的分布成正比。底泥中硫酸盐还原菌的数量,是底泥环境中有机物污染程度的标志之一。根据硫酸盐还原菌的数量分布,可以有效地控制有机质(如对虾饵料)的投放量等。 相似文献
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比较培养研究表明:钙质角刺藻(Chaetoceros calcitrans)和新月菱形藻小型变种(Nitzchia closterium foema minutissima)是墨吉对虾(Penaeus merguiensis)搔状幼体的良好饵料,亚心型扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和小球藻(Chlorella sp.)则较次。钙质角刺藻的适宜投喂密度为1.5—5.0×10~4细胞/ml。褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)和丰年虫(Artemia salina)无节约体都是ZⅢ-PI期幼体的良好饵料。实验中还分析了蛋白酶、脂肪酶、a-淀粉酶及纤维素酶的活性随墨言对虾幼体发育的变化及6种生物饵料的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉和纤维素的含量。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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