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针对传统海水营养盐检测方法不能满足海水营养盐长期原位监测需求的问题,研制了一种基于分光光度法的多量程海水营养盐原位传感器检测系统,通过对系统的高度集成及对多量程检测、低功耗技术、漏液保护技术的应用,实现了对海水5项营养盐参数快速、宽范围、高精度的原位测量。经过实验室和青岛中苑码头现场测试,表明本营养盐传感器检测系统具有低功耗、高可靠性能,可满足对5项营养盐参数的快速精确测量要求,实现了对海水营养盐参数的原位监测,为相关部门及时了解海洋生态环境和水体富营养化程度提供了数据支持,具有重大现实意义。 相似文献
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海洋出版社最近出版的《海洋化学原理和应用》是由我国着名海洋化学家张正斌教授等撰写,并受到我国首批国家科学技术着作出版基金资助出版的专着。全书80多万字,共分9章。本书从海水的形成和组成分析人手,深入地论述了我国近海海水中的常量元素和海水综合利用,海水中气体和中国近海中碳化学,海水中营养盐和环境海洋化学,海水微量元素和海洋重金属污染,海洋有机物和海洋生产力,海洋同位素化学及海洋化学的理论模式和物质全球循环等方面的内容,并对海洋化学若干发展前沿课题和国际合作项目作了介绍。本书内容系统全面,数据新、且可靠,论述深入浅出,笔锋直达科学前沿,是我国第一部系统全面地论述海洋化学理论体系的专着。 相似文献
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海水黄色物质光吸收特性实验研究 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
实验测量了干样配制的不同浓度黄色物质水溶液、实验室藻类培养和胶州湾水域黄色物质水样的光吸收特性。测量结果表明，海水黄色物质光吸收系数与波长是单调变化关系，即不存在“波峰”和“波谷”；在蓝紫光波段，海水黄色物质光吸收比海水自身、海洋叶绿素和悬浮粒子光吸收大，它是海洋中对该波段光吸收起着主导作用的物质；海水黄色物质光吸收系数与波长呈指数函数关系，其指数斜率s数值范围分别为：胶州湾水域在0.0131-0.0180nm^-1，实验室配制、培养样品是在0.0105-0.0139nm^-1。该研究为海水黄色物质含量的遥感探测提供了基础性实验依据。 相似文献
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一、前言海水中的活性硅酸盐、活性磷酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵盐,统称为营养要素,亦简称为营养盐。海水中的营养盐是海洋浮游植物的主要食粮,它与水产的养殖开发有着密切的关系。因此营养要素的调查研究早已成为海水化学常规调查中必测项目之一。海水中营养盐含量的多少,说明海水的肥沃程度。贫脊的海区,生物生长繁殖受到限制;肥沃的海区生物得以大量磁生。然而超过一定限度也会产生“富营养化”。 相似文献
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pH是海洋碳循环体系的重要参数之一,测量海水pH的标准方法有电极法和分光光度法,其中电极法已应用到海水pH的现场原位测量中,但准确度相对较低,限制了其在碳循环体系中的应用。文中采用人工海水pH标准缓冲溶液代替传统的NBS标准缓冲溶液对pH电极进行定标,探索了提高海水pH测量准确度的方法,并以分光光度法为标准方法,进行了实验研究和分析比对。结果表明:采用人工海水缓冲溶液定标后,电极法测量结果与分光光度法的测量结果偏差明显减小,测量准确度显著提高。该人工海水标准缓冲溶液可应用到pH传感器的现场标定中,从而提高海水pH现场测量的准确度,为海洋碳循环、海洋酸化等研究提供更为准确的基础数据。 相似文献
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文章对２０１１年三沙湾增养殖区的水质调查数据进行了分析评价, 并在结合２０世纪８０年代以来的历史调查数据的基础上进行比较, 比较结果表明： 三沙湾增养殖区的较高水温、稳定的盐度和适合的ｐＨ 有利于渔业养殖; 溶解氧、化学耗氧量和油类均符合二类海水水质标准, 较小的年际变化不会对海水养殖带来大的影响; 无机氮
和活性磷酸盐含量超二类海水水质标准, 呈富营养化状态; 重金属含量均满足二类海水水质标准,但近２０年来铜含量正逐年增加, 应严格控制营养盐和重金属物质进入海洋,防止赤潮发生。 相似文献
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海水化学需氧量(COD)是海水中有机污染物的综合指标,是海洋环境监测最重要的项目之一,目前我国海洋环境污染日趋严重,现有的COD测量方法远远不能满足形势的需要,研制开发现场、快速、自动、连续运行的“COD测量仪”势在必行,也是海水COD分析技术发展方向和发展趋势。在国家863计划的支持下,我们研制成功了可用于现场的“臭氧法海水化学需氧量测量仪”。文中介绍了臭氧法海水化学需氧量测量仪的原理、实验室现场试验结果和海试现场情况。大量实验数据表明,该测量仪具有测量快速、结果准确、长时间不需维护等特点。 相似文献
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本文第1部分中,我们用一种比较简捷的方法,导出了海洋化学中直线自由能关系。通过海洋化学中若干重要体系的实验数据,验证了海洋化学中直线自由能关系的客观存在。它们是海水元素溶存形式(海水化学模型)中A-Cl,A-OH,A-SO_3,A-CO,A-F等离子对稳定常数之间的直线自由能关系,海水中金属和有机物质(hum)相互作用的稳定常数与海水化学模型的稳定常数之间的直线自由能关系。本文中我们进一步研究海水 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献