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网纹藤壶Amphibalanus reticulatus和鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa是我国东南沿海两种常见的海洋污损生物种类, 在海洋生态系统中占有重要地位。探讨这两种藤壶的幼虫发育与盐度的关系有助于丰富和发展海洋生物学知识, 并为海洋污损生物防除相关工作的开展提供数据资料。研究探讨了网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶无节幼虫在盐度为6‰、12‰、18‰、24‰、30‰(对照组)和36‰的培养条件下的发育状况, 观察记录5天后幼虫的存活率和各期幼虫所占百分比, 采用最小显著差数法进行差异显著性分析。结果表明, 当水体盐度≤18‰时, 会严重阻滞网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶幼虫的发育, 甚至导致死亡; 而当盐度≥24‰时, 这2种藤壶幼虫的成活率虽不会随盐度改变发生显著变化, 但盐度为30‰的水体更有利于网纹藤壶幼虫的发育, 而鳞笠藤壶幼虫发育状况受盐度变化的影响不大, 具备更强的耐受能力。 相似文献
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沙筛贝(Mytilopsis sallei)属于软体动物门(Mollusca)双壳纲(Bivalvia)帘蛤目(Veneroida)饰贝科(Dreissenidae),也称萨氏仿贻贝.20世纪90年代初作为鱼虾饵料被引到厦门马銮湾,逐渐成为附着生物的优势种,严重影响贝类养殖.在厦门马銮湾水域设计挂板实验和采集沉积物中大型底栖动物,获得了外来物种沙筛贝与其他大型底栖动物的时空分布数据.SPSS统计软件回归分析表明,沙筛贝与网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulatus)在挂板的垂直分布上呈负相关,沙筛贝高密度(大于105个/m2)时能导致网纹藤壶死亡,其主要原因是沙筛贝附着在网纹藤壶壳壁上,抢夺网纹藤壶食物而导致其饿死.无论是在挂板上还是在沉积物中,小头虫(Capitella capitata)、凿贝才女虫(Polydoraciliata)的数量有随沙筛贝数量增加而增加的趋势,这是因为成团的沙筛贝有利于小头虫和凿贝才女虫的栖息. 相似文献
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采用X射线衍射技术,初步研究了网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulates Utinomi)壳板矿化结构特征,并采用钙黄绿素法、钙-羧酸指示剂法和铬黑T指示剂三种方法测量了来自不同海域藤壶壳板的碳酸钙含量。实验发现,网纹藤壶壳板中的矿化组织主要由方解石构成,碳酸钙微晶体排列有一定的取向,较为复杂。海口和陵水两地藤壶壳板中碳酸钙含量没有显著差异(P<0.05),最大值为93.87%,最小值90.77%。尽管三种碳酸钙含量测量法的结果没有显著性差异(P<0.05),但进一步综合分析发现钙黄绿素法测定结果最为稳定,且简单易操作,可作为首选方法。 相似文献
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文章探讨了网纹纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulatus)幼虫处于12°C、18°C、24°C、30°C和36°C环境中的发育和附着状况。结果表明, 网纹纹藤壶无节幼虫经历96h的发育后, 幼虫的存活率分别为99.0%±1.2% (12°C)、95.0%±4.8% (18°C)、92.0%±2.8% (24°C)、80.0%±10.6% (30°C)和0 (36°C); 在12~30°C的范围内, 温度升高能显著促进幼虫的发育。网纹纹藤壶金星幼虫在96h的培养过程中, 其存活率在所有温度条件下始终维持在100%; 在18°C至36°C的温度范围内金星幼虫均可附着, 其中30°C条件下附着率最高, 可达84.5%±12.1%, 而在12°C则始终无金星幼虫附着。综合幼虫的存活率、发育进程和附着状况来看, 网纹纹藤壶幼虫发育及附着的适宜温度为18~30°C。 相似文献
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１９９１年在湛江港进行浮标污损生物调查。该海区污损生物的种类组成共９３种，附着厚度２１—７１ｍｍ，湿重３．１０—７２．５３ｋｇ／ｍ２，覆盖面积９８％─１００％。优势种为网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ、变化短齿蛤Ｂｒａｃｈｉｄｏｎｔｅｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ、刺巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓｖｏｌｃａｎｏ、钟巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓｌｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍｔｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍ和翡翠贻贝Ｐｅｒｎａｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ。位于不同位置的浮标，其污损生物群落组成和生物量不同，同一浮标的不同部位（体侧，底部，尾外侧，尾管内）的污损生物也有一定差别。 相似文献
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藤壶是潮间带生态、幼体发育以及生物防污损研究中重要的模式生物。目前，线粒体基因组学的发展有助于从线粒体基因组水平上更好地理解系统发育关系。本研究获得东方小藤壶Chthamalus challengeri完整线粒体基因组，大小为15358bp的环状分子。与藤壶亚目其它物种相比，东方小藤壶非编码区的长度较长，而基因区的长度则相近。东方小藤壶线粒体基因组A+T含量为70.5%。现有藤壶物种的线粒体基因组中存在起始和终止密码子的变化。同属的东方小藤壶和触肢小藤壶C. antennus具有共同的基因排列。然而，小藤壶科中不同属之间却具有不同的基因排列，包括两个tRNA基因出现易位，一个基因块出现倒置。值得注意的是，与以往藤壶亚目物种不同，小藤壶属两个物种的srRNA和lrRNA基因都在重链上编码。小藤壶科中进化树的拓扑结构与基因排列证据相互支持，系统发育分析表明小藤壶科是单系群，而藤壶科和古藤壶科则是多系群。 相似文献
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湛江港浮标污损生物生态研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
１９９１年在湛江进行浮标污损生物调查。该海区污损生物的种类组成共９３种，附着厚度２１－７１ｍｍ，湿重３．１０－７２．５３ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，覆盖面积９８％－１００％。优势种网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ，变化短齿蛤Ｂｒａｃｈｉｄｏｎｔｅｓ ｕａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ，刺巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓｕｏｌｃａｎｏ钟巨藤壶Ｍｅｇａｂａｌａｎｕｓ ｔｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍ ｔｉｎｔｉｎｎａｂｕｌｕｍ 相似文献
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研究海洋污损生物藤壶（Barnacle）不同生长阶段附着强度，可为科学制定藤壶清除规范及设计相关机械设备提供依据。本文采用浸泡法在湛江调顺岛（21°31''N，110°41''E）实海中挂板，结合形貌观察藤壶生长过程，利用自行设计的剪切强度测试装置，选取网纹藤壶测试不同生长阶段剪切强度。结果表明：试板浸泡10 d，幼体藤壶开始附着；30 d试板表面藤壶覆盖面积约占30%，基底直径1~6 mm，部分藤壶死亡形成空壳；60 d试板约50%面积被藤壶覆盖，试板表面有覆膜，空壳现象加剧，藤壶基底直径最大达10 mm；90 d试板约95%面积被藤壶覆盖，出现藤壶相叠现象，基底直径1~13 mm。藤壶附着生长过程中，剪切强度变化符合“快-慢”的特点，以藤壶基底直径为变量，构建藤壶剪切强度Logistic增长模型，决定系数R2=0.99，说明模型拟合良好。利用构建的Logistic增长模型将藤壶剪切强度划分为速增期（基底直径4.0~6.4 mm），缓增期（基底直径6.4~8.7 mm）及渐停期（基底直径>8.7 mm）3个阶段。结合藤壶附着生长过程，藤壶在附着后采用机械方式清除的最佳清除时期在速增期。 相似文献
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Living barnacles eaten by sheepshead fishes results in the production of broken barnacle plate sediment. The yearly rate of production of broken barnacle plates is 4.9 kg m–2 and varies seasonally, with the largest mean flux in summer (22.5 g m–2 day–1) and the least in winter (1.9 g m–2 day–1). The mean grain size mode of broken barnacle plates is positively correlated with the flux of broken barnacle plates. Experiments with exclusion and inclusion cages support the postulation that increases in flux and size of broken barnacle plates are caused by the feeding activity of larger sheepshead. 相似文献
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Differential recruitment of introduced Pacific oysters and native mussels at the North Sea coast: coexistence possible? 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
Susanne Diederich 《Journal of Sea Research》2005,53(4):269-281
Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg 1793) have been introduced into the Wadden Sea (North Sea), where they settle on native mussel beds (Mytilus edulis L.), which represent the only extensive insular hard substrata in this soft-sediment environment. As abundances of C. gigas rose, some mussel beds became increasingly overgrown with oysters, whereas others did not. Field experiments revealed that recruitment of C. gigas was higher in the lower intertidal than in the upper subtidal zone, that it was higher on conspecifics than on mussels, and that it was not affected by barnacle epigrowth except when settling on mussels. Mussel recruitment is known from inter- and subtidal zones. It occurred equally on oyster and mussel shells but showed a clear preference for barnacle epigrowth over clean shells. Assuming that settlement and recruitment are key processes for species abundances on the North Sea coast, it is predicted that the positive feedback in oyster settlement will lead to rapid reef formation of this invader at the expense of mussel beds. Mussels, however, may escape competitive exclusion by settling between or on the larger oysters especially when barnacles are abundant. Experimental patches with mussels were more often covered by fucoid algae (Fucus vesiculosus forma mytili Nienburg) than patches with oysters, and oyster recruitment was poor underneath such algal canopies. Thus, fucoids may provide the native mussels with a refuge from the invading oysters and the two bivalves may coexist, provided food is not limiting. 相似文献
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通过野外海区挂板的方法,探讨高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚氨酯(PUR)6种不同材料的塑料挂板对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)附着的影响,分析不同塑料挂板表面粗糙度和海月水母附着的关系.研究结果表明:海月水母浮浪幼虫在夏末秋初可以附着在人工投放的塑料挂板附着基上,表明海岸带工程造成的人工附着基增多可能为海月水母的附着提供便利条件;海月水母螅状幼体在不同材料塑料挂板上的附着率有明显差异,PET、PUR和PVC塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率显著大于其他3种塑料挂板,其中PUR塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最大,附着率为3.21±0.74 ind./cm2,HDPE塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最低为0.26±0.08 ind./cm2;海月水母浮浪幼虫附着率与不同材料表面的粗糙度并不显著相关,表明塑料挂板材料的表面粗糙度并不是影响海月水母螅状幼体附着率的关键因子,而不同材料塑料挂板上形成的生物膜可能也对海月水母浮浪幼虫的附着产生影响.研究结果可为我国近岸海域有害水母海月水母暴发和防控研究提供一定的重要参考数据. 相似文献
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Ana C. F. Silva Vanessa Mendonça Rita Paquete Nuno Barreiras Catarina Vinagre 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):530-540
In habitats where competition for space is a shaping force of animal distribution such as in the intertidal rocky ecosystem, new habitats are readily taken by colonising species. We examined the importance of empty Chthamalus spp. tests as a habitat for the intertidal common periwinkle Melaraphe neritoides on Portuguese rocky shores. The role played by the space between neighbouring barnacles as a habitat for other species has been largely studied with regard to how an ecosystem functions, whereas the equivalent role of empty barnacle tests remains largely unknown. The small periwinkle is one of the most abundant snails in European rocky shores and is an important prey for key mobile predators. Biological facilitation is common in the rocky intertidal zone, where biological structures often potentiate the abundance of other species. The role played by barnacles as biological facilitators through habitat provision is not fully understood. In this study, the abundance and morphometric features of empty barnacle tests and their occupants were examined across shore levels and shores with differing exposures, as these are important gradients explaining barnacle distribution. The availability of empty barnacle tests was also experimentally manipulated to examine the percentage, time and length of occupation. Empty barnacles were more abundant on the midshore of sheltered shores and barnacle tests were wider on the upper shore but taller on the midshore. The minimum barnacle test occupation rate by the periwinkle was 70%. Barnacle shell height was an important factor determining snail occupation, where taller barnacles harboured significantly more, but not necessarily larger, snails. Snails outside the barnacle tests were significantly larger than those found within, suggesting that this crustacean group has an increased importance as a habitat for juvenile snails, thus potentially influencing the population dynamics of M. neritoides. We found that occupation of experimentally created empty barnacles was extremely high (70%) on the day after, and remained at 100% after 3 months of monitoring. Our study is the first of its kind to focus on the features of barnacle tests that snails occupy and their occupying snail traits. According to our results, it is clear that barnacles have an important role in providing additional habitat for young gastropods. The small periwinkle is an important grazer and prey for intertidal and subtidal foraging predators; hence, the potential refuge role of barnacle tests for juvenile M. neritoides may be important in the dynamics of intertidal communities. 相似文献
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Association of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and epibiotic barnacle Balanus rostratus: inter‐specific interactions and trophic relationships determined by fatty acid analysis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Marine mollusks provide shelter to epibiotic organisms which settle on the outer surface of their hard shells. Epibionts can exert beneficial or detrimental effects on the host mollusk. In this study, the ecology of the association of the commercially valuable marine mobile scallop Patinopecten (=Mizuhopecten) yessoensis with its epibiotic barnacle Balanus rostratus was investigated. Fatty acid analysis was performed to determine the trophic relationships between these species. The distribution of fatty acid markers in this scallop species suggests an important contribution of diatoms, flagellates and animal material in its diet. The fatty acid analysis indicated a predominance of diatoms in the diet of the adult barnacles and some detrital input into the diets of young individuals. It was found that adult barnacles may compete with the scallops for food sources such as diatoms and zooplankton. It was revealed that with a negligible biomass of epibionts, the interactions between the barnacle and scallop may be regarded as commensalisms. An increase in the weight of epibiotic barnacles resulted in decreases in the weights and shell heights of the scallops, testifying to the adverse influence of a high biomass of epibionts on their host. 相似文献
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Wave interaction with twin plate wave barrier 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The wave transmission and reflection characteristics and wave induced pressures on single surface plate and twin plate barriers were investigated experimentally for a wide range of wave heights and periods in regular and random waves. Seven different spacing between the plates were tested. It is found in general, hydrodynamically the twin plate is better than the single surface plate to reduce the wave transmission and increase the wave reflection. It is found that the transmission coefficient of twin plate reduced from 0.8 to 0.3 when the relative plate width is increased from 0.18 to 0.84. Transmission coefficient of twin plate barrier shows oscillating behavior, when relative plate width is increased due to blocking and pumping effect. The reflection coefficient increased from 0.25 to 0.65, when the relative width of the plate is increased from 0.18 to 0.84. The increase in spacing between the plates was also found to increase the reflection coefficient. The transmission coefficient, Kt for 98% probability of non-exceedence was found to be minimum and is about 0.60 when the relative spacing between the plate is about 0.12, compared to Kt=0.76 for single surface plate. The reflection coefficient for 98% probability of non-exceedence was found to exceed 0.66 for single surface plate, whereas it is 0.73 for twin plate with relative spacing of about 0.40. From the investigation with wide range of input parameters, it is found that the twin plate barrier needs to be designed for highest 98% pressure ratio of 2.0, which is equal to the static pressure induced by the design incident wave height. 相似文献
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Ulva sp. and Gracilaria sp. were found colonizing shell surfaces of an acorn barnacle, Megabalanus tintinnabulum. However, this association was not noticed in the case of Balanus amphitrite, which was a co‐inhabitant. Such a difference in intergeneric interactions with the algae was examined in laboratory experiments. For this, the influence that extracts of algae, extracts of algae‐associated bacteria and natural leachants from M. tintinnabulum exerted on cyprid metamorphosis of B. amphitrite was examined. Extracts of algae and associated bacteria showed no effect on the metamorphosis of B. amphitrite. This may be attributed to absence of cue‐specific sugars in the exopolysaccharides and culture supernatants of bacteria. On the other hand, natural leachants of M. tintinnabulum, which showed the presence of N‐acetyl‐d ‐glucosamine, a known algal spore attractant, also inhibited metamorphosis of B. amphitrite. Thus, hosting specific epibionts could have important roles in the segregation of barnacle population. 相似文献
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Recruitment patterns of Serpula vermicularis L. (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) in Loch Creran, Scotland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nicola D. Chapman Colin G. Moore Dan B. Harries Alastair R. Lyndon 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):598-606
This study aimed to contribute to conservation management of reefs of Serpula vermicularis by increasing understanding of the factors influencing larval settlement. The study was carried out in Loch Creran, which supports the most extensive known development of S. vermicularis reefs in the world. Settlement plates were deployed to examine the influence of season, depth, reef density, substrate type and orientation. Monthly deployment of plates revealed settlement of S. vermicularis to occur predominantly from mid-June to mid-October, peaking in late August to early September. Settlement of Pomatoceros spp. peaked much earlier, in late May to early June. Deployment of plates at different depths revealed a marked reduction in S. vermicularis settlement intensity between 6 and 12 m. As this corresponds with the deeper limit of the peripheral fringe of serpulid reefs in the loch, it is suggested that this limit is imposed by a depth-correlated settlement response, rather than reduction in available substrata. Comparisons of various substrata showed a preference by S. vermicularis larvae for a slate over a scallop substrate and no evidence of enhanced recruitment to occupied or unoccupied tubes of S. vermicularis, suggesting that gregarious attraction is unlikely to be a factor causing reef formation. Settlement onto the upper side of a horizontal scallop substrate was found to be insignificant in comparison with the underside or a vertically orientated scallop. Evidence for the role of light in controlling the depth and substrate-orientation preferences of S. vermicularis larvae is discussed. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are made regarding remediation of areas suffering reef damage. 相似文献