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1.
Bohai Sea oil spill model: a numerical case study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zengan Deng Ting Yu Xiaoyi Jiang Suixiang Shi Jiye Jin Linchong Kang Feng Zhang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(2):115-125
An operational Bohai Sea oil spill serving module (BSOSSM) that can provide users with trajectory and movement information of the released oil is developed for the purpose of informing mitigation of oil spill incidents in the Bohai Sea, China. BSOSSM is one of the serving modules that had been integrated in China digital ocean prototype system, a marine information platform for managing, displaying and disseminating all the data investigated by China 908 Program. The oil spill trajectory is calculated by an oil spill model (OSM), which serves as a component in BSOSSM. The impacts of wind, current, as well as Stokes drift on oil spill trajectory are studied by sensitivity experiments conducted using OSM. Simulation results indicate that wind forcing is the most important factor in controlling the oil trajectory at the sea surface in Bohai Sea, whereas current and Stokes drift play relatively less important roles. However, because the direction of waves generally follows that of the wind, Stokes drift does lead to an increase in oil drift and spreading velocity. Case studies of the Penglai 19-3 oil spill incident (June 2011) and Xingang oil spill (April 2005) demonstrate that OSM can generally reproduce the oil spreading, and is therefore capable of supporting the emergency response of future oil spills in the Bohai Sea through BSOSSM. 相似文献
2.
Tremendous economic loss and environmental damages are caused by oil-spilling accidents in sea. Accurate prediction of the underwater spreading and surface drifting of oil spills is important for the emergency response. In the present study, numerical investigation on the underwater spread and surface drift of oil spilled from a submarine pipeline under the combined action of wave and current was carried out to examine the effects of physical ocean environment, leaking flux and spilled oil density and viscosity. Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, realizable k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) model are employed to describe the multiphase flow, and velocity-boundary wave-making technique combined with the sponge layer damping absorber technique realizes the numerical wave flume. Oil spill experiments were conducted to validate the numerical model. The calculation results indicate that compared with the environmental conditions of still water, only current and only wave, a larger scope of underwater spreading and relatively slower rising rate and relatively faster drifting rate of oil droplets are observed under the combined action of wave and current. The leaking flux affects the floating time and dispersion concentration, while the ocean environment affects the horizontal migration and surface drifting. Under the specific conditions of present work, oil density has obvious effect on the underwater spread but limited effect on the surface drifting, while oil viscosity has little effect on both the two processes. 相似文献
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基于Jenkins(1989)建立的包含Stokes漂流、风输入和波耗散影响的修正Ekman模型,采用Paskyabi等(2012)使用的推广的Donelan等(1987)中的谱和波耗散函数,并利用Paskyabi等(2012)中修正方法给出的包含高频波的风输入函数,在粘性不依赖于水深及粘性随深度线性变化的条件下,研究了包含高频毛细重力波的随机表面波对Stokes漂流和Song(2009)导出的波浪修正定常Ekman流解的影响。结果表明高频表面波使Stokes漂流在海表面剪切加强,对定常Ekamn流解的影响通常不能忽略,但对Ekman流场的角度偏转影响很小。最后,将考虑高频表面波尾谱影响所估算的定常Ekman流解与已有观测结果以及经典Ekman解进行了比对分析。 相似文献
5.
Jin-Bao Song 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(5):659-671
The response of near-surface current profiles to wind and random surface waves are studied based on the approach of Jenkins [1989. The use of a wave prediction model for driving a near surface current model. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. 42, 134–149] and Tang et al. [2007. Observation and modeling of surface currents on the Grand Banks: a study of the wave effects on surface currents. J. Geophys. Res. 112, C10025, doi:10.1029/2006JC004028]. Analytic steady solutions are presented for wave-modified Ekman equations resulting from Stokes drift, wind input and wave dissipation for a depth-independent constant eddy viscosity coefficient and one that varies linearly with depth. The parameters involved in the solutions can be determined by the two-dimensional wavenumber spectrum of ocean waves, wind speed, the Coriolis parameter and the densities of air and water, and the solutions reduce to those of Lewis and Belcher [2004. Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. 37, 313–351] when only the effects of Stokes drift are included. As illustrative examples, for a fully developed wind-generated sea with different wind speeds, wave-modified current profiles are calculated and compared with the classical Ekman theory and Lewis and Belcher's [2004. Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 37, 313–351] modification by using the Donelan and Pierson [1987. Radar scattering and equilibrium ranges in wind-generated waves with application to scatterometry. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 4971–5029] wavenumber spectrum, the WAM wave model formulation for wind input energy to waves, and wave energy dissipation converted to currents. Illustrative examples for a fully developed sea and the comparisons between observations and the theoretical predictions demonstrate that the effects of the random surface waves on the classical Ekman current are important, as they change qualitatively the nature of the Ekman layer. But the effects of the wind input and wave dissipation on surface current are small, relative to the impact of the Stokes drift. 相似文献
6.
Effect of Stokes drift on upper ocean mixing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stokes drift is the main source of vertical vorticity in the ocean mixed layer. In the ways of Coriolis - Stokes forcing and Langmuir circulations, Stokes drift can substantially affect the whole mixed layer. A modified Mellor-Yamada 2. 5 level turbulence closure model is used to parameterize its effect on upper ocean mixing conventionally. Results show that comparing surface heating with wave breaking, Stokes drift plays the most important role in the entire ocean mixed layer, especially in the subsurface layer. As expected, Stokes drift elevates both the dissipation rate and the turbulence energy in the upper ocean mixing. Also, ilffluence of the surface heating, wave breaking and wind speed on Stokes drift is investigated respectively. Research shows that it is significant and important to assessing the Stokes drift into ocean mixed layer studying. The laboratory observations are supporting numerical experiments quantitatively. 相似文献
7.
Spilled oil floats and travels across the water’s surface under the influence of wind, currents, and wave action. Wave-induced Stokes drift is an important physical process that can affect surface water particles but that is currently absent from oil spill analyses. In this study, two methods are applied to determine the velocity of Stokes drift, the first calculates velocity from the wind-related formula based upon a one-dimensional frequency spectrum, while the second determines velocity directly from the wave model that was based on a two-dimensional spectrum. The experimental results of numerous models indicated that: (1) oil simulations that include the influence of Stokes drift are more accurate than that those do not; (2) for medium and long-term simulations longer than two days or more, Stokes drift is a significant factor that should not be ignored, and its magnitude can reach about 2% of the wind speed; (3) the velocity of Stokes drift is related to the wind but is not linear. Therefore, Stokes drift cannot simply be replaced or substituted by simply increasing the wind drift factor, which can cause errors in oil spill projections; (4) the Stokes drift velocity obtained from the two-dimensional wave spectrum makes the oil spill simulation more accurate. 相似文献
8.
A method to compute wave- and current-induced viscous drift forces and moments on floating platforms in regular and random waves is presented. The relative velocity drag term of Morison's equation is used in conjunction with frequency domain first-order motion transfer functions to compute the drift forces and moments. Mean viscous drift forces and moments in regular waves in all six degrees-of-freedom of a tension leg platform are computed. The relative importance of the free-surface force integration, steady current, wave-current interaction and platform motions on the computed drift forces and moments are discussed. The results from this method, in the frequency domain, are used to compute the drift forces and responses in irregular waves using existing methods developed for potential drift computations. Comparisons with results from time-domain computations are also presented and good agreement between the frequency-domain and time-domain results is found. Some comparisons with experimental data are also made. The frequency-domain method is found to be an efficient and useful tool for the analysis of semi-submersible and tension leg platforms during the preliminary design stage in which extensive parametric studies need to be undertaken. 相似文献
9.
继第部分之后研究了惯性内波和近惯性内波由f～的作用所致的剪切不稳定引起的破碎机制。物理上,该机制很象存在由风应力所致薄表面涡旋漂流层时表面波的破碎与饱和过程。惯性内波和近惯性内波的破碎产物与小尺度湍流一起形成了混合块,它与Gregg等人(1986)的持久混合观测结果一致。依据Thorpe(1973)实验的结果作者提出了一个估计湍流动能耗散率和消衰时间的方法。结果表明,在剪切不稳定中近惯性内波在湍动耗散中起了关键作用,而惯性内波引起非常弱的湍动耗散。使用内波能量谱的标准总能量密度估计出的近惯性内波的耗散率和消衰时间与PATCHEX测量结果非常一致。文中还讨论了几个与此破碎机制有关的问题。 相似文献
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A differential model of the upper turbulent layer in the ocean is considered. A closed system of equations includes equations of motion, balance, and dissipation of kinetic turbulence energy. Boundary conditions at the surface are determined using a solution of the atmospheric problem taking into account the interaction between the two media. The formulated algorithm allows for a relationship between turbulent energy dissipation and flux and the parameters of wind disturbance. The vertical profiles of turbulence and drift current characteristics are presented as well as parameters of the ocean-atmosphere interaction for various values of impulse jump within the limits of the wave layer with waves collapsing and not collapsing.UDK 551.456.152 相似文献
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This study investigates experimentally the drift velocity of an elliptical surface film advected by deep-water waves. Thin polyethylene sheets were used to simulate the inextensible surface film. The drift velocities were obtained by recording and analyzing a sequence of images captured using a video camera. The results show that the drift velocity increases with the longitudinal length of the polyethylene sheet until approximately 0.8 times the wavelength. Beyond that, further increment would not result in substantial increase in the drift velocity. The effect due to the normalized transverse width is found to be significant within a particular range. At large wave steepness, the drift velocity appears to be limited by the Stokes drift. A set of best-fit empirical equations based on the sigmoidal function is introduced for oil spill trajectory prediction. 相似文献
13.
A. Ya. Matveev A. A. Kubryakov A. G. Boev D. M. Bychkov V. K. Ivanov S. V. Stanichny V. N. Tsymbal 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):940-950
The possibilities of a multiangle method of radar diagnostics to determine thickness of an oil film on a sea surface by comparing the radar data with the quantitative modeling results obtained using the model of oil spreading dynamics are analyzed. The experimental results of the remote sensing of the Caspian Sea water area near the Neftyanye Kamni oil field by the Envisat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the new Floating Objects Tracking System (FOTS) model of oil spreading are used for the analysis. The model allows to calculate the dynamics and change in the mass and size of an oil slick basing only on the available data of satellite measurements and atmospheric reanalysis.The model takes into account the main processes that influence the slick formation (gravity spreading, advective transport, dispersion, emulsification, turbulent mixing, and evaporation). This model is used to calculate the thickness evolution and dynamics of the displacement of oil slicks in the period between two consecutive radar images of this region (0.5–4 days) and to estimate the volumes of oil spilled in the field. The good consistence of the height of the oil film calculated using radar measurements and the modeling results confirms the method’s reliability. 相似文献
14.
V. V. Malinovsky V. A. Dulov A. E. Korinenko A. N. Bol’shakov V. E. Smolov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(1):103-111
The results of field investigations of the drift of surface films are presented. The experiments were performed at the southern coast of the Crimea in the area of an oceanographic platform. It is shown that the drift of a thin film is described well by a linear combination of the vectors of the coastal current and wind, and the coefficient of the current velocity is close to unity. The total velocity of wind and wave drifts is 0.013 of the wind velocity magnitude or 0.38 of the air friction velocity. Analysis of experimental data demonstrates an increase in the film spreading rate with increasing wind velocity. 相似文献
15.
The movement of floating pollutants such as oil slicks on the surface of the sea is due to a number different factors, among which wave drift is certainly significant.In principle, it has been known since Stokes' time that a floating particle is subject to the movement caused by the orbital motion of water particles and that an average drift velocity results because the trajectories are not closed. In the past, however, this effect was often either disregarded or simply included with the surface wind induced current. In recent times the difference between the two effects has been conceptually clarified, so that the average wave drift in random one-dimensional seas has been the object of research and the results are now included in most handbooks and models for oil slick forecasting.Due to the chaotic nature of the wave field, however, the drift also causes floating substances to disperse, and this phenomenon is a much more neglected area of research. Recent work by Bovolin et al. [IAHR Congress, 1997] and Sobey and Barker [J. Coast. Res. 13 (1997)] has brought the subject to attention, and computational tools can now be made to quantify the effect and to verify when and how it should be taken into consideration in oil slick accident practise.The work presented in this paper is based on random simulation of the wave induced Eulerian velocity field in a directional sea, by making use of standard offshore wave directional models and on the ensemble averaging of floating particles trajectories in order to compute the spatial dispersion. 相似文献
16.
Joseph M. Bishop 《Ocean Engineering》1979,6(3):273-284
A simple operationally oriented model of surface wind-driven currents is presented in which Lagrangian surface drift is assumed to be composed of a linear combination of a wave-induced Stokes drift plus a wind-driven Ekman drift. Using this approach, Stokes drift accounts for as much as half the total surface current magnitude. The Lagrangian current is predicted to be about 3.5% of the 10 m wind magnitude directed in the sense of an Ekman spiral about a 20° deviation angle. For comparison to this model, a second model is proposed that accounts for the interaction of Stokes current and Coriolis force. An inference drawn from this model is that there is only weak coupling between Coriolis force and Stokes drift. Such a conclusion, if correct, leads one to focus attention on the Lagrangian model for operationally oriented current estimates. Results of the Lagrangian model agree with observations of investigators for currents at the air-sea interface and may have application in the movement f oil slicks or surface drifters at sea under fetch or duration limited sea states. 相似文献
17.
Fenfang Zhao Takeshi KinoshitaWeiguang Bao Rong WanZhenlin Liang Liuyi Huang 《Applied Ocean Research》2011,33(3):169-177
In the present study, hydrodynamic interactions between water waves and porous bodies are investigated. Various hydrodynamic identities, such as the Haskind relation, Bessho-Newman relation etc., are systematically re-examined. Some of these identities, such as the symmetry of added mass and damping and the Haskind-Hanaoka relation, are still valid for porous bodies even without modification to the identities. However, when energy dissipation due to porosity is involved, appropriate supplementation is required to properly consider porous effects. In addition, the calculation of wave drift forces acting on a porous body is formulated either by pressure integration or using momentum conservation as basis. We conclude that porosity dissipation makes a more substantial contribution to wave drift forces than does conventional dissipation created by scattered and radiated waves. 相似文献
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海上环境变化多端,造成溢油的漂移和扩散会出现不可预测的情况,精确、实时地监测海上溢油是现今亟待解决的问题.无人机以其部署快、成本低、环境适应性强的优势在海上溢油监测领域得到重视,但单架无人机监测能力弱,而多架无人机监测的准确性仍需提高.为此,本文提出一种无人机群海面溢油自动导航跟踪监测的架构和方法,根据海上溢油浓度的变化进行路径规划.该方法包括建立溢油模型和设计无人机跟踪控制系统.溢油模型主要描述海上溢油时空变化的形态复杂性;控制器可控制无人机追踪和监测溢油漂移及扩散的情况.同时,将无人机跟踪控制系统与人工势场法相结合,避免无人机相撞.最后,进行数值仿真,结果表明该跟踪系统与溢油的重合率达到70％～80％,验证了该方法的可行性.未来,该系统可广泛应用于无人机群对不同环境现象和灾害的跟踪监测. 相似文献
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At low frequencies, surface bubbles contribute to acoustic backscattering in aggregate, and the motion of these bubble masses causes spectral spreading of the acoustic signals. This motion of the bubbles entrained in the surface waves is used to obtain the power spectrum of a low-frequency surface-scattered signal at a low grazing angle. A spectral distribution of the deterministic surface drift, augmented by breaking wave crests, is developed for the wave frequency components that are actively breaking. This motion is combined with the random motion in a wave cycle to predict the spectral widths of low-angle backscattered sound. To permit comparisons with measured data, convolutions of these spectra with simple square pulses of various durations are performed 相似文献
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N. M. Ridgway 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1-2):178-184
The directions of surface oil slicks spreading from the wreck of t.e.v. Wahine during April 1968 are compared with predicted movements of surface water obtained by the vectorial addition of wind‐induced surface currents and tidal currents. Wind factors of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of recorded surface wind speeds were used to calculate wind‐induced currents which were assumed to be in the same direction as the wind. The observed oil slick movements correspond best with the resultants obtained using a 3–5% wind factor, 60–64% of these falling within ± 20° of the observed directions of the oil slicks. Possible sources of error in the method are discussed and an example is given to illustrate how the method might be used to predict movements of surface oil resulting from an oil spillage. 相似文献